2021-2022年山东省济宁市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2021-2022年山东省济宁市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.Weareadvisedtoleavesomecashathometo______.

A.feedtheATMsaroundourneighborhoodregularly

B.payfortheutilityandgrocerybills

C.copewithsuddenandserioussituations

D.provewehavetheabilitytopayfornecessities

2.

ThesuccessofexpandingforeignmarketshasinfluencedthedomesticculturalenvironmentofU.S.aswellasthecountriesthathaveopenedtheirmediamarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

TherearemorewomenthanmenamongtheAIDSpatientsintheUSA.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

______paintiseasiertoapply,coversbetterandlastslonger.

5.

AccordingtothedescriptionofBuckminsterFuller,themainadvantageofatriangleinstrengthwas______.

6.Topreventsmallcasesoffraud,Ms.Coenenadvicesemployerstotellemployeeswhatbehavioursareunacceptedwitha______.

7.Thepassageismainlyaboutwhyandhowtoplantmoretreestomakeuniversitiesbecomegreen.

8.

Politicalandeconomicmotivationsbelongtotheessentialnatureofsportsinthehistoryofsports.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

EvaluationsrevealthatAmericanyoungstersarenotobsessedwith______andinneedofreassurance.

10.

Withthedevelopmentof______,therecoveryperiodmaybecomeshorterandshorter.

11.

Youcanjudgewhetheryou'vereachedyourcareerturningpointafteryou______.

12.

HeexpectsanexoticstudywithfreshwaterwormfromtheAntarcticwhichcan______toyieldresultswhichwillhelptounderstandhowmirror-imagetwinsdevelop.

13.

Recruitersmaintain______anduseavarietyofmethods,includingsigningbonusesjustlikeproathletes,totrytocoaxthemtosignonthebottomline.

14.

Tobuildyouraudience,you'dbettercatchtheopportunitiestobeacquaintedwithpeopleandtrytocatchtheirattentiononyou.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Intheeyesofanadult,sportsinhighschoolareactually______ratherthansimpleextensionsoftheclassroom.

16.

TheKeywordMethodcreates______ofthelanguageanditscounterpartinsomeform.ofwordplay.

17.

Inadvertisingtheadvertisercanavoidanyresponsibilityforhisstatementbyusing______.

18.

Thenutrientsofparticularconcerntobreastfeedingmothersare:calcium,foliate,zinc,magnesium,______andvitaminB

19.

Visitorsareallowedto______.

20.eBay

eBayisaglobalphenomenon—theworld'slargestgaragesale,onlineshoppingcenter,cardealerandauctionsitewith147millionregisteredusersin30countriesasofMarch2005.Youcanfindeverythingfromencyclopediastoolivestosnowbootstostereostoairplanesforsale.AndifyoustumbleonitbeforetheeBayoverseersdo,youmightevenfindahumankidneyoravirtualdate.

eBayis,firstandforemost,anonlineauctionsite.YoucanbrowsethroughcategorieslikeAntiques,Boats,Clothing&Accessories,Computers&Networking,Jewelry&WatchesandVideoGames.Whenyouseesomethingyoulike,youclickontheauctiontitleandviewthedetails,includingpictures,descriptions,paymentoptionsandshippinginformation.Ifyouhaveaprettygoodideaofwhatyou'relookingfor,youcansearchforitusingsimplekeywords,suchas"AppleiPod",orusingmoreadvancedsearchcriteriathathelpsnarrowtheresults,suchaskeywordstoexclude,itemlocation,pricerangeandacceptedpaymentmethods.

Ifyouplaceabidonanitem,youenteracontractualagreementtobuyitifyouwintheauction.Allauctionshaveminimumstartingbids,andsomehaveareserveprice—asecretminimumamounttheselleiswillingtoacceptfortheitem.Ifthebiddingdoesn'treachthereserveprice,thesellerdoesn'thavetopartwiththeitem.Inadditiontoauctions,youcanfindtonsoffixed-priceitemsoneBaythatmakeshoppingtherejustlikeshoppingatanyotheronlinemarketplace.Youseewhatyoulike,youbuyit,youpayforitandyouwaitforittoarriveatyourdoor.Thereaxealsoauctionlistingsthatgiveyoutheoptionto"BuyItNow"forapricethat'stypicallyhigherthantheauction'sstartprice.Ifyouchoosetobuytheitemforthe"BuyItNow"priceinsteadofbiddingonit,theauctionendsinstantlyandtheitemisyours.

YoucanpayforanitemoneBayusingavarietyofmethods,includingmoneyorder,cashier'scheck,cash,personalcheckandelectronicpaymentserviceslikePayPalandBidPay.It'suptoeachsellertodecidewhichpaymentmethodshe'llaccept.PayPalistheeasiestwaytobuysomethingoneBay,becauseeBayownsPayPal.ThePayPalpaymentprocessisalreadybuiltintoanyauctionlistingoneBay.

JustasyoucanbuyalmostanythingoneBay,youcansellalmostanything,too.Usingasimplelistingprocess,youcanputallofthejunkinyourbasementupforsaletothehighestbidder.Lotsofpeopleselltheiroldlaptop(携式电脑)oncethey'veupgraded,theclothingtheirkidshavegrownoutoforthebrandnewcouchtheyboughtonfinalsalewithoutrealizingitwouldn'tfitintheirden.SomepeopleevenmakeabusinessofeBaybyopeningtheirown"eBaystore".WhenyousellanitemoneBay,youpaylistingfeesandturnoverapercentageofthefinalsalepricetoeBay.

Onceyouregister(forfree)witheBay,youcanaccessallofyoureBaybuyingandsellingactivitiesinasinglelocationcalled"MyeBay".

Tolookforanitem,youdon'tneedtoregister—youcanbrowse,searchandwatchitems(upto10)asaguest.Youcan'tbidorbuyasaguest,though.SothenextstepistoregisterwitheBayhere.It'squickandfree.

NowwecanplaceabidonthesetofSimpsonsPezdispensers.Ifweclickonthelinkinourwatchlist,weendupbackattheauctionpage.Therearefourmainsectionstoanyauctionpage:

-Title/Overview—Thisiswhereyouseethebasicinformation,likeauctiontitle,price,shippingprice,sellerinformationandhowmanybidshavebeenplacedsofar.

-Description—Thisiswherethesellerprovidesdetailsabouttheitem.

-Shipping,paymentandreturnpolicy—Thisiswhereyoucanfindfullshippinginformation,anydetailsthesellerwantsabiddertoknowaboutmakingpayment(inclu

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(28)

A.Hehopedtoprovehimselfthebestpickpocketintheworld.

B.Hewantedtomasterdifferentstealingskillsaroundtheworld.

C.Hewantedtocompileabookonthieveryskillsaroundtheworld.

D.Heintendedtofindoutthebestpickpocketskillintheworld.

22.(22)

A.Notclearlyspecified.

B.Notlikelytobemet.

C.Reasonableenough.

D.Apparentlysexist.

23.听力原文：W：Ipreferthepersonalserviceinthesmallershops,besidesit'snearer.

M：Butthepricestherearesomewhathigher.SoIdoallmyshoppingatthesupermarket.

Q：Wheredoesthemanusuallydohisshopping?

(15)

A.Atsmallneighborhoodstores.

B.Inthestoresclosetohishome.

C.Atthesupermarket.

D.Intheshopbytheroad.

24.(25)

A.He'sspokentohimonthephone.

B.Hestayedinhisapartmentonesummer.

C.Hewentonasummertripwithhim.

D.Heusedtoworkwithhim.

25.听力原文：M:Howisschoolgoing,Barbara?Areyoutakinganynewclasses?

W:I'mtakinganotherreallyinterestingcoursecalledBusinessandtheWeb.Wearelearningaboute-commerceandhownewtechnologicaldevelopmentswillaffectthewaywebuy,sellandmarketthingsinthefuture.

M:Wow,thatsoundslikesomethingIshouldtake.

W:Ithinkit'soneofthemostusefulcoursesI'vehadsofar.Rightnow,wearestudyingwirelesscommunicationsandhowthat'sgoingtoaffectthedevelopmentoftheinternetandeventuallyonlinebusiness.Wehavehadseverallecturesontheimportanceofcellphonesandseveralnewkindsofportablecomputersandotherelectronicdeviceswhicharebasedonrelatedtechnologies.

M:Whatotherkindsoftopicswillyoubecovering?

W:WearegoingtodiscusshighbandwidthInternetconnections,likecablemodems,whichwillallowustoexchangeinformationmorequickly.Andfromthere,wewillfocusonhowInternet,TV,radioandtelephonetechnologiesareallstartingtocometogether.

M:Iwasjustreadingaboutthatinthenewspaper.Buthowdoesthatrelatetoonlinebusiness?

W:Asthesetechnologiesconvergeinthenearfuture,anewhigh-speednetworkwilldevelopwhichwillbeperfectforthedistributionofproductsandservicesonline.

(20)

A.E-commerce.

B.Wirelesscommunications.

C.Businessandtheweb.

D.Newtechnology.

26.【B10】

27.(31)

A.Toremovethedandelions.

B.Toenjoythegardenscene.

C.Tohaveatalkwithherdaughter.

D.Tohelpherdaughterwiththeplay.

28.听力原文：W:Alex,Ms.RachelwillbearrivinginBeijingforthefirsttimethismorning.I'dlikeyoutopickherupandhelphergetsettledin.

M:Sure,Mrs.Zhang.Whichhotelisshebookedat?

W:FriendshipHotel,andeverythinghasbeenarranged,underhername.

M:ShallItakeoneofthecompanycars?

W:No.Becausewe'renegotiatingsuchalargepurchasewithher,it'sinourbestinteresttoshowheraroundinstyle.We'verentedaveryluxuriouscar.

M:Goodidea.I'dbetterbeonmyway.

W:Uh,Alex,doyouhaveajacketandtieattheofficetoday?

M:Yes.Whydoyouask?

W:Iknowitisveryhumid,andthedresscodeisprettycasualhere.ButIthinkit'simportanttolookprofessionalwhenaclientisvisiting.

M:Iunderstand.I'llhavemysuitjacketandtieonwhenImeatMs.Rachel.

W:Fine.AndIthinkitwouldbeproperifyouleaveyourjacketon,unlessMs.Racheltakeshersofffirst,ormentionshowhotitis.

M:Ifollowyou.ThenIcansuggestthatshetakeoffherjacket,thenfollowsuit.

W:Yes.It'simportantthatwepayattentiontothedetails.

M:Willshevisitourofficetoday?

W:She'llprobablyhavejetlagtoday,sonothing'sscheduledtoday.

M:I'lltakeherrighttothehotelthen,soshecangetsomeshut-eye.

W:Good.Andpleaseremindherthatdinnerisoptionaltonight,ifshe'snottootired.Otherwise,wehaveameetingscheduledfor10a.m.tomorrowmorning.

M:Yes,madam.

(20)

A.Ameeting.

B.Animportantbusiness.

C.Oneoftheirwomencolleagues.

D.Thereceptionofoneoftheirclients.

29.

【B2】

30.(24)

A.Becausethemanisnotinterestedinpottery.

B.Becausethemanisnotinterestedincarmaintenance.

C.Becausethewomanwillnotattendthem.

D.Becausepotteryandcarmaintenancesclassesaretobegivenatthesametime.

31.【B7】

32.

【B7】

33.

【B6】

34.听力原文：Conversationsarereallykindofinteresting.Iguessit'sakindofhobbyofminetolistentoconversationsthatIcanhearinpublic.It'samazinghowdifferentthestyle.orthetoneorthecontentofdifferentconversationscanbeandtolistentothedifferencesinthelanguagethatpeopleusewhentheyspeaktodifferentpeople.

Ifyouareeverinabookstoreoradepartmentstore,it'sinterestingtohearhowthesamesalespersontalkstodifferentpeople.There'reotherinterestingplacestolistentoconversationstoo,Ithink,andoneplacethatI'vefoundisonbustrips.Peopleoftentalktoeachotherasifnooneelsewerethere.Iguesstheythinkpeoplecan'theartheirconversations.

RecentlyIwasonabus,andIwaslisteningtoaconversationoftwopeoplebehindme.Ican'treallysayIwaslistening.Iguessitwouldhavebeenhardnottohearit.Itwasamusingtolistentothetwopeople,though,becausetheywereplayingakindoflanguage,uh,wordgameaboutstatesandstatecapitals.Onepersonwouldsaythenameofthestate,andtheotherpersonwouldsaythenameofthecapital.

Itsoundslikeakindofsimplegamethatdoesn'tinvolvemuchlanguage,andyouwouldn'tthinkthatitwouldinvolveverymuchconversation,butactuallythiswasn'tthecasebecauseastheywereplayingthegame,theycontinuedtocomplimentoneanotherandtotalkabouthowmuchtheyknewabouthistoryandhowmanyoftheotherthingstheycouldorcouldn'trememberaboutthoseplacesfromtheirtripsorfromtheirreading.

Itwasreallykindoffuntolistentothem.

(33)

A.Listeningtodifferentstylesofconversations.

B.Listeningtothecontentofdifferentconversations.

C.Listeningtohowsalesmentalktodifferentpeople.

D.Listeningtoconversationsinpublic.

35.(21)

A.NewYorkCity.B.California.C.Vermont.D.Manhattan.

36.(42)

37.(34)

A.Becausetheydidn'tunderstandtheirlanguage.

B.Becausetheysawthemasasourceofthreattotheirjobs.

C.Becausetheirculturewasverydifferentfromtheirs.

D.Becausetheyhadverydifferentappearances.

38.(13)

A.Themanwasconfusedaboutthedateoftheappointment.

B.Themanwantstochangethedateoftheappointment.

C.Themanisgladhe'sgotintouchwiththedoctor.

D.Themancan'tcomefortheappointmentat4:15.

39.听力原文：W:Hello,thisisDoctorHillfromtheemergencydepartment.Ihavea52-year-oldpatientwithafracturedankle.

M:OK,sendhimtoward3.

Q:Whataretheytalkingaboutonthephone7

(18)

A.Theadmissionofapatient.

B.Diagnosisofanillness.

C.Theoldman'sseriouscondition.

D.Sendingforadoctor.

40.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

ViolenceinAmericanfamiliestakesmanyforms.One【B1】______form.thatweoftenoverlookisthephysicalpunishmentofchildren.Perhaps93percentofallparentsbeattheirchildreninorderto【B2】______them.Youngchildrenreceivethemostpunishment,butstudiesrevealthatabout50percentofhighschool【B3】______reportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.Punishmentofchildrenvariesfromalighttaptoa【B4】______beating,buthistoricallywehavegrantedparentstherighttousephysicalforceagainsttheirchildren.Alawpassedin1696,forexample,calledforthedeath【B5】______forachildof"sufficientunderstanding"overtheageofsixteenwhocursedorstruckaparentorwhowas"stubbornand【B6】______"inrefusingtoobeyaparent.

Mostparentsusephysicallypunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontrolthe【B7】______intheirchildrenandmakethem【B8】______.Infact,violence—whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.【B9】______.Studieshavefoundthat【B10】______.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,abusiveparentsarethemselveslikelytohavebeenabusedwhentheywerechildren.【B11】______.

【B1】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

【C3】

42.Accuraterepresentationandreportingisvitalinthemediabecause______.

A.suchinformationisnecessaryforproperdecision-makingbypublicleaders

B.thewaythatinformationispresentedtothepubliccaninfluenceopinionsandoutcomes

C.far-fetchedexaggerationsinvariablyintrudeintotheprivatelivesofthosebeingreportedon

D.cateringtoprofit-drivensensationalismleadstofurtheraccuraciesandmisrepresentations

43.

WhichstatementisNOTtrueconcerningthecontroversyaboutglobalwarming?

A.ThenewreportfromNRCismotivatedbythecontroversyoverMichaelMann'sclaim.

B.Thosewhodoubtglobalwarmingconsiderthatwarmingisanaturalphenomenon.

C.Thosesuspiciousofglobalwarmingtakeaninconsistentstanceontheissue.

D.Theargumentendsinthedefeatofglobal-warning-doubters.

44.

Theauthor'sviewinthispassageisthat______.

A.cellphonesandcancerarenotlinked

B.peopleshouldn'tusecell-phonesinalong-term

C.usingcell-phonesisonecauseforcancer

D.cell-phonesarenotharmful

45.

Aliarwaspreviouslydefinedasamanwhoconsciously______andwishedhisaudiencetoacceptandbelieveinit.

46.

Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor______.

A.prefersdogstocats

B.preferscatstodogs

C.likesdogsaswellascats

D.likesneitherdogsnorcats

47.Whydoyoungblackpeoplehavethehighestlevelofself-respect?

A.Theyareinspiredbyblacksuperstarathletesandentertainers.

B.Thesubculturetheyliveinmakesthemsatisfiedandrespectable.

C.Thewhiteyouthsrespecttheblackpeoplealot.

D.Theblackpeopleleadagreatlysatisfactorylife.

48.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsRussia?

A.Suggestive.B.Prejudicial.C.Sympathetic.D.Objective.

49.

Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingareadvisabletoolderadultsforafitnessprogramexcept

A.wearingappropriateclothingandshoes

B.beingmentallyreadyforphysicalexercises

C.includingperiodsofwarm-upandcool-down

D.avoidinganypressuretotheirhearts

50.

Despitetheirvarieddesigns,navigationcomputersusedincars______.

A.aremoreorlessthesameprice.

B.providedirectionsinmuchthesameway.

C.workonmoreorlessthesameprinciples.

D.receiveinstructionsfromthesamesatellites.

51.

Accordingtopoliticians,whenchildrencommitcrimes,theyshouldbetreatedinthesamewayas

52.

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorcitesthenutritionists'wordstoshowthat______.

A.peopleintherichestcountriesconsumemoremeatthanthatisnecessaryforhealth

B.meatconsumptionmaycauseanecologicaldisaster

C.nutritioninmeatisnotasgoodasotherkindsoffood

D.grainsarewastedifpeopledon'teatmeat

53.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer"inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,however,doesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician--andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice--itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshould"returnnextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc...Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer".Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants--thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarderorgovernment)--thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Weestimatethatabout75to80percentofhealthcareexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective.

Theauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.

A.inform.potentialpatientsoftheirheath-carerights

B.criticizeforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

D.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealth-care

54.OnthefifthanniversaryoftheSept.11attacks,asmostAmericanswentabouttheirMondayroutines,thousandsgatheredatgroundzero,atthePentagon(五角大楼)andinafieldinPennsylvaniawherethehijackedjetlinerscrashed.Theyincludedfamiliesandfriendsofthe2,973peoplewhodied,PresidentBushandotherpublicofficials,andcountessstrangersunitedbyhauntingbutrecedingmemories.

AtthepitinLowerManhattanwheretheWorldTradeCenterstood,theycommemoratedthedaywithfamiliarrituals:momentsofsilencetomarkthetimeswhentheplanesstruckandthetowerscollapsed,wreath(花圈)-layings,prayers,themusicandpoetryoflossandremembrance.Allwerefilledwithemotionsthatstillcutdeeplybutwereshowingsignsofhealing.

"HowmuchdoIloveyou?"SusanSliwak,amotherofthree,intoned(吟诵)atamicrophoneonaplatform.abovethegrievingcrowd,quotingfromanIrvingBerlinlyricintributetoherhusband,RobertSliwak,aCantorFitzgeraldemployeeandoneofthe2,749killedatthetradecenter."Howdeepistheocean?Howhighisthesky?"

About200spouses,partnersandotherlovedonestookturnsreadingthenamesofthedead.Manyspokedirectlytotheirlostpartners,ofteninfirm,proudvoices.Otherstoldtearfullyofthebirthsofgrandchildrenorofhavingreaffirmedtheirmarriagevows.Manysimplyexpressedtheirloveandthatoftheirchildren,apromisenevertoforget.

Undershaftsofgoldensunlight,manyfamilymemberskneltinthepittopray.Theyhuggedoneanother,criedsoftlyorsobbedandsetwreathsandrosesadriftinreflectingpoolsthatstandinthesteadofthefallentowers.Thewatersweresoonthickwithflowers.

Butiftherewasathemetothisyear'sproceedings,itwashonoringthedeadwhilemovingonwithlife."ForallAmericans,thisdatewillbeforeverentwined(缠绕)withsadness,"MayorMichaelR.Bloombergsaidinclosingremarksduringthenoonhour."Butthememoryofthosewelostcanburnwithasofteningbrightness."

Behindtheceremonialday,therhythmsoflifeinAmericawenton.Therewerejobstodo,classestoattend,soccergames,weddings,births,deathsandappointments.Thearmiesofcommerce,homemakersandcivilservantswentabouttheirbusiness,notquiteasusual,perhaps,butwithanawarenessthat9/11,adateburnedintothenationalpsyche,hadedgedawayfromcatastrophetowardtherealmoftragichistory.Itwasanoccasionforsolemnitybutnolongerawrenchingheartbreak.

Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

A.inmemoryoftheSept.11attacks

B.todescribethehijackedjetlinerscrashed

C.tocelebratethefifthanniversaryoftheSept.11event

D.withhauntingbutrecedingmemories

55.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheform.ofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtoday,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantform.ofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalcreatingjobsforail,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Employmentbecamewidespreadinthe17thand18thcenturies.

B.Unemploymentwillremainamajorproblemforindustrializednations.

C.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend.

D.Someeffortsandresourcesshouldbedevotedtohelpingmorepeoplecopewiththeproblemofunemployment.

56.

Accordingtoresearchers,whatfactororfactorsaffectcognitiveaging?

57.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Inadditiontohistheoryofcolour,Newtondevelopedatheoryofhowlighttravels.Thisisknownasthecorpuscular(微粒子的)theoryoflight,meaningthatlighttravelsasaserieso