2023届天津市河北区高三质量检测(一)英语试卷（含答案解析）

第1页/共1页河北区2022~2023学年度高三年级总复习质量检测(一)英语本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。祝各位考生考试顺利!第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。2.本卷共55小题，共95分。第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例：Standoverthere________you’llbeabletoseeitbetter.A.orB.andC.butD.while答案是B。1.—Caroline,youareaskedtogiveapresentationonournewelectronicproductattomorrow’sconference.—________.Iamnotgoodatpublicspeeches,youknow.A.Don’tputmeonthespot B.Don’tdragyourfeetC.Don’tbesuchawetblanket D.Don’tbeataroundthebush【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查习语。句意：——卡罗琳，你被要求在明天的会议上介绍我们的新电子产品。——别让我为难。你知道，我不擅长公开发言。A.Don’tputmeonthespot别让我为难；B.Don’tdragyourfeet不要拖沓；C.Don’tbesuchawetblanket别这么让人扫兴；D.Don’tbeataroundthebush不要拐弯抹角。卡罗琳不擅长公开演讲，因此让她在明天的会议上介绍新电子产品是为难她，她请求对方不要为难她，故选A项。2.Overthepastfiveyears,largeamountsofrubbish,suchasplasticbags,________bythevolunteerteam.A.havebeencollected B.wascollectedC.hasbeencollected D.werecollected【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年里，志愿者团队收集了大量垃圾，如塑料袋。结合时间状语Overthepastfiveyears，主语largeamountsofrubbish和谓语动词collect是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，largeamountsof+不可数名词，谓语复数形式。故选A项。3.Today,Dunhuangisaworld-classtouristdestination________siteswithUNESCO-protectedheritagestatus.A.toboast B.beingboasted C.boasted D.boasting【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，敦煌是一个世界级的旅游目的地，拥有联合国教科文组织保护的遗产地位。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，动词boast和逻辑主语Dunhuang为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故选D项。4.Interestingly,DoylewrotesomeofhisearlyHolmesstorieswhilehe________forpatientsinhismedicalpracticeinLondon.A.waited B.hadwaited C.waswaiting D.hasbeenwaiting【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：有趣的是，道尔在伦敦的医疗诊所等待病人时，写了一些早期福尔摩斯的故事。结合主句谓语wrote用一般过去时和while常与进行时连用可知，该空用过去进行时表过去某段时间一直进行的动作。故选C项。5.Darknesswouldmakeusmore________ofsight;silencewouldteachusthejoyofsound.A.aware B.appreciative C.delightful D.worthwhile【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：黑暗会让我们更加欣赏视觉；沉默会教会我们声音的乐趣。A.aware意识到的；B.appreciative欣赏的；C.delightful使人快乐的；D.worthwhile值得的。由常识可知，黑暗会让我们更加重视光明，换言之，欣赏视觉。故选B项。6.（2017·江苏）Determiningwhereweare____________oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrastto B.indefenseofC.infaceof D.inrelationto【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：确定相对于我们周围环境的地理位置仍然是我们生存的基本技能。A.incontrastto与……形成对照；B.indefenseof为……辩护；C.infaceof面对……；D.inrelationto涉及，相对于。根据语境，故选D项。7.Ipickedupawalletinmyschoolandhandedittotheheadteacher,butnoonehas________iteversince.A.spotted B.applied C.claimed D.discovered【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在学校捡了一个钱包递给了班主任，但从那以后就再也没有人认领过。A.spotted注意到；B.applied申请；C.claimed认领、索取；D.discovered发现。结合“Ipickedupawalletinmyschoolandhandedittotheheadteacher”和but可知，应该是无人认领钱包。故选C项。8.Itusedtobethatyou___driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.A.need B.should C.could D.must【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里，都没见过别人，但现在到处都是房子和人。A.need需要；B.should应该，理应如此；C.could可能，表示对客观可能性的推测；D.must一定，必须。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可能性的推测。故选C。9.Inmanyways,themagicofAIis________it’snotsomethingyoucanseeortouch.A.whether B.whatC.that D.why【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：在很多方面，人工智能的神奇之处在于它不是你能看见或触摸到的。“____it’snotsomethingyoucanseeortouch”是表语从句，该从句意思和结构完整，解释人工智能的神奇之处在何处，故应用that引导该从句。故选C。【点睛】本题考查名词性从句，首先判断属于哪种名词性从句，再判断从句缺少什么成分，如果缺少主宾表，用what，不缺少成分和意思用that，缺少疑问词根据句意判断。10.Sometimeshewantstogiveup,buthebecomes________whenhethinksabouthelpingthepoorchildrenintheWest.A.inspiring B.tobeinspired C.inspired D.havinginspired【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：有时他想放弃，但当他想到帮助西方的贫困儿童时，他就受到了鼓舞。说明人的主观感受，该空用修饰人的形容词inspired(受到鼓舞的)作表语。故选C项。11.Theschool________withreadinglessonsthattaughtstudentstoguessthemeaningofnewwords.A.didthetrick B.pavedthewayC.bravedtheelements D.brokenewground【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查习语。句意：学校在阅读课上开创了新方法，教学生猜测新单词的意思。A.didthetrick获得成功；B.pavedtheway铺平道路；C.bravedtheelements不惧酷境；D.brokenewground开辟新领域、开创新方法。结合“taughtstudentstoguessthemeaningofnewwords”可知，应该是学校在阅读课上开创了新方法。故选D项。12.—Hey!It’ssaidthatsomepopsingerswillcometoourcitytogiveagrandconcert.—________?Popmusicisnotmycupoftea.A.Howcome B.Sowhat C.Whynot D.Whatfor【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查交际表达。句意：——嘿！据说一些流行歌手将来我们城市举办一场盛大的音乐会。——那又怎样？流行音乐不是我喜欢的。A.Howcome怎么会；B.Sowhat那又怎样；C.Whynot为什么不呢；D.Whatfor为何。结合“Popmusicisnotmycupoftea.”可知，说话另一方对此活动不感兴趣，抱有一种无所谓的态度，用Sowhat。故选B项。13.Generallyspeaking,thegenerationgapisactuallyatechnologygap,________childrenupdatethemselvesonthelatesttechnologywhileparentsdropbehind.A.where B.when C.which D.that【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：一般来说，代沟实际上是一种技术差距，孩子们在最新技术上更新自己，而父母却落后了。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是atechnologygap，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故选A项。14.Theentirehallburstintoagreatcheerandapplause_______theNobelPrizewinnerappearedonthestageaccompaniedbythechairman.A.until B.while C.bythetime D.themoment【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：在主席的陪同下，那位诺贝尔奖的获得者一出现整个大厅爆发出巨大的欢呼声和掌声。A.until直到……才；B.while当……时；C.bythetime到……为止；D.themoment一……就……。根据句意可知，此处表示“一……就……”，应用themoment，故选D。15.Ifyou_____regretthingsyoudidordidn’tdointhepast,thenyouwon’tbeabletomoveforward.A.actually B.briefly C.casually D.constantly【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你经常后悔你做过的事情或者你在过去没做过的事情，那么你很有可能不能向前看。A.actually事实上；B.briefly简短地；C.casually随意地；D.constantly经常地。根据句意可知是经常后悔，故选D项。第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ItwasthemiddleofthenightwhenfirefightersPaulHullingsandTimYoungstoppedattheRoute130restaurantthatwaitressLizWoodwardworkedat.Theyhadjustfinished____16____amassivebasementfire.Ithadtakenmostofthenighttoextinguishit,andtheywere____17____.Woodwardnoticedthetiredfirefightersandstartedaconversationwiththem.Whenshelearnedthattheyhadspenthourscourageouslyfightingthefire,shewas____18____.Sowhenthemenwerereadytoleave,sheleftthebillonthetable–already____19____.Woodwardalsolefta(n)____20____onthebilltothankthefirefightersfortheirservice:“Yourbreakfastisonmetoday–Thankyouforallthatyoudo:forservingothersandforrunningintotheplaceseveryoneelse____21____.Nomatterwhatyourroleis,youarecourageousandstrong...”Thefirefighterswere____22____totears:“Whata(n)____23____andkindact!Idefinitelyencouragemyfriendstopatronize(经常光顾)thisrestaurantto____24____thebusiness,andifWoodwardhappenstobeyourwaitress,tip_____25_____.”Woodward’sgiftand_____26_____wordsletthefirefightersknowthattheywere_____27_____andthatlocalpeoplecaredaboutthem.A(n)_____28_____thankyoucanmakeajobworthdoing.Littledidtheyknow,Woodwardwasfightingherown_____29_____.Shewasalsocourageousandstrong-forherdad,aquadriplegic(四肢瘫痪者)whowasin_____30_____needofawheelchair–accessiblevan.Woodwardwastryingtoraisemoneyforhim.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround,astheysay,andWoodwardwasdestinedtobe_____31_____forherrandomactofkindness.WhentheylearnedofWoodward’sdifficulty,theytalkedtolocalnewsmediaandhopedtohelpWoodwardwithherfundraising_____32_____.Andit_____33_____.Sincethestorygotout,shehasraisedover$86,000.Thefirefighters’actof_____34_____inspiredthewaitress’actofkindness,which_____35_____inspiredthefirefighters–andnearly2,000otherpeople–todosomethingforher.16.A.playingwith B.cuttingoff C.puttingout D.findingout17.A.annoyed B.exhausted C.experienced D.energetic18.A.calm B.upset C.scared D.impressed19.A.paid B.shared C.replaced D.exchanged20.A.mark B.comment C.application D.message21.A.chasesafter B.runsawayfrom C.headstowards D.catchesupwith22.A.moved B.influenced C.feared D.remained23.A.smart B.greedy C.selfless D.mean24.A.survive B.offer C.support D.replace25.A.immediately B.continuously C.legally D.generously26.A.extreme B.heart-warming C.humorous D.boring27.A.appreciated B.misjudged C.ignored D.protected28.A.formal B.previous C.local D.simple29.A.battle B.appointment C.adventure D.mistake30.A.mad B.urgent C.low D.personal31.A.turnedback B.turnedoff C.paidback D.paidoff32.A.approaches B.advertisements C.efforts D.opportunities33.A.mattered B.worked C.ended D.failed34.A.bravery B.loyalty C.difficulty D.honesty35.A.incharge B.invain C.inparticular D.inturn【答案】16.C17.B18.D19.A20.D21.B22.A23.C24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.A30.B31.C32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫伍德沃德因为对消防员的善举，反过来得到大家帮助的故事。【16题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们刚刚扑灭了一场巨大的地下室大火。A.playingwith玩；B.cuttingoff切断；C.puttingout熄灭；D.findingout查明。根据下文的“extinguishit”可知，是把火扑灭，故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扑灭它花了大半个晚上的时间，他们都筋疲力尽了。A.annoyed恼怒的；B.exhausted筋疲力尽的；C.experienced有经验的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据下文的“thetiredfirefighters”可知，消防员们已经筋疲力尽了，故选B。【18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她得知他们花了几个小时勇敢地灭火时，她印象深刻。A.calm平静的；B.upset沮丧的；C.scared害怕的；D.impressed印象深刻的。根据下文“tothankthefirefightersfortheirservice”可知，伍德沃德内心很感激消防员的付出，可以推测消防员的灭火的行为让其印象深刻。故选D。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当男人们准备离开时，她把账单留在了桌子上——已经付清了。A.paid支付；B.shared分享；C.replaced代替；D.exchanged交换。根据下文“Yourbreakfastisonmetoday”可知，伍德沃德把账单支付了，故选A。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：伍德沃德还在账单上留言，感谢消防员的服务：“你们今天的早餐由我来承担——感谢你们所做的一切：为他人服务，跑进别人逃避的地方。无论你扮演什么角色，你都是勇敢和坚强的……”A.mark标记；B.comment评论；C.application应用；D.message信息。根据下文的“Yourbreakfastisonmetoday–Thankyouforallthatyoudo:forserving...”可知，是伍德沃德在账单上面的留言，故选D。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.chasesafter追赶；B.runsawayfrom逃离；C.headstowards走向；D.catchesupwith赶上。根据上文“runningintotheplaceseveryoneelse”可知，当发生灾情时消防员进入大家都逃离的地方。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：消防员们感动得流下了眼泪：“多么无私和善良的行为！我绝对鼓励我的朋友们光顾，如果Woodward恰好是你的女服务员，请慷慨地给小费。”A.moved感动；B.influenced影响；C.feared害怕；D.remained提醒。根据下文的“tears”可知，消防员们被感动了，故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：消防员们感动得流下了眼泪:“多么无私和善良的行为!我一定会鼓励我的朋友们光顾这家餐厅来支持你们的生意，如果伍德沃德碰巧是你的服务员，请慷慨地给小费。”A.smart聪明的；B.greedy贪婪的；C.selfless无私的；D.mean吝啬的。and并列kind和前面的单词，应表达相近的含义，且前文提到“Yourbreakfastisonmetoday”可知，伍德沃德的行为是无私的，故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：消防员们感动得流下了眼泪:“多么无私和善良的行为!我一定会鼓励我的朋友们光顾这家餐厅来支持你们的生意，如果伍德沃德碰巧是你的服务员，请慷慨地给小费。”A.survive生存；B.offer提供；C.support支持；D.replace代替。根据上文的“encouragemyfriendstopatronize”可知，是支持该店的生意，故选C。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：消防员们感动得流下了眼泪:“多么无私和善良的行为!我一定会鼓励我的朋友们光顾这家餐厅来支持你们的生意，如果伍德沃德碰巧是你的服务员，请慷慨地给小费。”A.immediately突然；B.continuously继续；C.legally合法地；D.generously慷慨地。根据上文“Whata(n)selflessandkindact!”可知，消防员们被伍德沃德感动到了，可以推测，他们会鼓励大家慷概地给她小费，故选D。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伍德沃德的礼物和温暖人心的话语让消防员们知道，他们受到了感激，当地人也很关心他们。A.extreme极端的；B.heart-warming暖心的；C.humorous幽默的；D.boring乏味的。根据上文的“weremovedtotears”可知，伍德沃德的留言是暖心的，感人的，故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：伍德沃德的礼物和温暖人心的话语让消防员们知道，他们受到了感激，当地人也很关心他们。A.appreciated欣赏，感激；B.misjudged误判；C.ignored忽视；D.protected保护。根据下文“thankyoucanmakeajobworthdoing”可知，消防员得到了当地人的感激，故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一句简单的谢谢就能让工作变得值得做。A.formal正式的；B.previous先前的；C.local当地的；D.simple简单的。根据上文“Thankyouforallthatyoudo”可知，伍德沃德同时也向消防员表达了简单的感谢，故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们几乎不知道，伍德沃德正在为自己而战。A.battle战斗；B.appointment任命；C.adventure冒险；D.mistake错误。根据下文“Shewasalsocourageousandstrong–forherdad,aquadriplegic”和“Woodwardwastryingtoraisemoneyforhim.”可知，伍德沃德也在和自己战斗，挣钱为父亲治病，故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她也很勇敢和坚强，因为她的父亲是一名四肢瘫痪者，急需一辆轮椅无障碍面包车。A.mad疯狂的；B.urgent紧急的；C.low低的；D.personal个人的。根据上文的“aquadriplegic”可知，她父亲是一个四肢瘫痪的人，所以急需一辆无障碍面包车，故选B。【31题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：正如他们所说，时来运转，伍德沃德的善举注定会得到回报。A.turnedback折返；B.turnedoff关闭；C.paidback回报；D.paidoff已付清。根据下文的“theytalkedtolocalnewsmediaandhopedtohelpWoodward”可知，伍德沃德也得到社会的回报，故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们得知伍德沃德的困难时，他们与当地新闻媒体进行了交谈，希望能帮助伍德沃德筹集资金。A.approaches方法；B.advertisements广告；C.efforts努力；D.opportunities机会。根据下文的“shehasraisedover$86,000”可知，此处的“fundraisingefforts”应该表示“筹集资金”，故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它奏效了。A.mattered重要；B.worked奏效；C.ended结束；D.failed失败。根据下文“shehasraisedover$86,000”可知，帮助伍德沃德方法奏效了，故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：消防员的勇敢行为激发了女服务员的善举，这反过来又激励了消防员和近2000名其他人为她做点什么。A.bravery勇气；B.loyalty忠诚度；C.difficulty困难；D.honesty诚实。根据上文的“youarecourageousandstrong”可知，消防员是有勇气的，勇敢的，故选A。【35题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：消防员的勇敢行为激发了女服务员的善举，这反过来又激励了消防员和近2000名其他人为她做点什么。A.incharge主管；B.invain徒劳；C.inparticular特别；D.inturn反过来。根据上文“Idefinitelyencouragemyfriendstopatronizethisrestauranttosupportthebusiness”和“shehasraisedover$86,000”可知，她的对消防员的善举，反过来又让大家对她做出了善举，故选D。第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIfstudentswillarriveatUTDallas(theUniversityofTexasatDallas)afterthefirstdayofclasses,theISSO(InternationalStudentsandScholarsOffice)stronglysuggeststheyputofftheiradmission.It’sourexperiencethatlate-arrivingstudentshaveastressfultimesettlinginandmeetingallthepre-registrationrequirements,suchasTBTest(肺结核检查),orientations(入学培训),housingandsoon.Theinabilitytomeetalltheserequirementsmayharmastudent’sF-1orJ-1visastatus.DepartmentalLateArrivalLetterUTDallasacademicdepartmentshavethefreedomandauthoritytowritealatearrivalletteronastudent’sbehalf.DepartmentsmayonlyofferthisletteriftheyarewillingtomakeastatementtoCBP(CustomsandBorderProtection),showingthattheywillensurethatthelate-arrivingstudentwillbeabletomeetalluniversityandimmigrationrequirementsdespitethelatearrival.Approvalordenialoflatearrivalwillbebasedontheindividualworthinessoftherequest.ThelettershouldbeaddressedtoCBPandsentdirectlytothestudentfromtheacademicdepartment.Ingeneral,scannedandprintedimageswillbeacceptedbyCBP.Thelettershouldstate:◎Howlatethedepartmentiswillingtoletthestudentstartthesemester.Thismustbeaspecificdate.◎Thatthestudentwillbeabletoenrollfull-timeintheacademicprogramandmakenormalacademicprogressdespitethelatearrival.TheletterwillnotguaranteeentryintotheUS;itsimplyreducesthepossibilitythatlate-arrivingstudentswillbeturnedawayattheUSPortofEntry.IfEnteringLate:Emailthefollowingareasthearrivaldateassoonaspossible:1.InterculturalPrograms(ICPrograms@)toscheduleanInternationalStudentOrientation.2.TheStudentHealthCentre(Healthcen@)toscheduleaTBTest.3.Academicdepartmenttocommunicateaboutlateregistration.Consequencesoflatearrival:◎Lateregistrationforcourses◎Limitedclassavailability◎LateregistrationfeesLate-arrivingstudentsarerequiredtokeepfull-timeenrollmentthroughoutthesemester.TheISSOwillnotapprovereducedcourseloadsduetothelatearrival.36.AccordingtotheISSOofUTDallas,late-arrivingstudents________.A.havedifficultystartingtheiruniversitylifeB.areattheriskofbeingrejectedbyUTDallasC.willunavoidablyfacedamagetotheirvisastatusD.havetoputofftheiradmissionuntilthenextsemester37.Whatdoyouknowaboutthelatearrivalletter?A.ItoughttobesentstraighttoCBP.B.Onlytheoriginaldocumentiseffective.C.Everylate-arrivingstudentwillhaveone.D.It’sthedepartment’sdecisionwhethertoofferone.38.Whatinformationshouldbeincludedinthelatearrivalletter?A.Thereasonforthelatearrival.B.Theexactrescheduledarrivaldate.C.Thelate-arrivingstudent’shealthcondition.D.Thelate-arrivingstudent’spreviousacademicgrades.39.Withalatearrivalletter,alate-arrivingstudent________.A.maystillbeforbiddenfromenteringtheUSB.canmisssomeclasseswithoutpunishmentC.canavoidtheTBtestandtheorientationDwillbefreefromlateregistrationfees40.Thepassageismainlywrittenfor________.A.studentswhohavelosttheirvisasbeforearrivalB.studentswhoneedfinancialaidC.newstudentsfromoverseasD.allthenewstudents【答案】36.A37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了对于在第一天上课后抵达达拉斯大学的学生，学校建议他们推迟入学，及推迟入学的相关说明。【36题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“It’sourexperiencethatlate-arrivingstudentshaveastressfultimesettlinginandmeetingallthepre-registrationrequirements,suchasTBTest(肺结核检查),orientations(入学培训),housingandsoon.(根据我们的经验，迟到的学生很难适应并满足所有注册前的要求，如结核病检测、定向、住房等)”可知，根据达拉斯大学的ISSO，迟到的学生难以开始大学生活。故选A项。【37题详解】细节理解题。由DepartmentalLateArrivalLetter下第一段中的“UTDallasacademicdepartmentshavethefreedomandauthoritytowritealatearrivalletteronastudent’sbehalf.(达拉斯大学的学术部门有自由和权力代表学生写迟到信)”可知，是否提供迟到信是由达拉斯大学的学术部门决定的。故选D项。【38题详解】细节理解题。由DepartmentalLateArrivalLetter下第三段中的“Howlatethedepartmentiswillingtoletthestudentstartthesemester.Thismustbeaspecificdate.(系里愿意让学生多晚开始这个学期。这必须是一个特定的日期)”可知，迟到信中应包含重新安排的确切到达日期。故选B项。【39题详解】细节理解题。由DepartmentalLateArrivalLetter下最后一段“TheletterwillnotguaranteeentryintotheUS;itsimplyreducesthepossibilitythatlate-arrivingstudentswillbeturnedawayattheUSPortofEntry.(该信函不会保证进入美国；它只是减少了迟到的学生在美国入境口岸被拒之门外的可能性)”可知，有一封迟到信，一个迟到的学生可能仍然被禁止进入美国。故选A项。【40题详解】推理判断题。由第一段中的“It’sourexperiencethatlate-arrivingstudentshaveastressfultimesettlinginandmeetingallthepre-registrationrequirements,suchasTBTest(肺结核检查),orientations(入学培训),housingandsoon.Theinabilitytomeetalltheserequirementsmayharmastudent’sF-1orJ-1visastatus.(根据我们的经验，迟到的学生很难适应并满足所有注册前的要求，如结核病检测、定向、住房等。无法满足所有这些要求可能会损害学生的F-1或J-1签证身份)”和DepartmentalLateArrivalLetter下第一段中的“DepartmentsmayonlyofferthisletteriftheyarewillingtomakeastatementtoCBP(CustomsandBorderProtection),showingthattheywillensurethatthelate-arrivingstudentwillbeabletomeetalluniversityandimmigrationrequirementsdespitethelatearrival.(只有当各部门愿意向美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）发表声明，表明尽管迟到了，他们将确保迟到的学生能够满足所有大学和移民要求)”可知，这篇文章主要是为来自海外的新生写的。故选C项。BBrianHamiltonusedtooccupyhimselfwithasix-figurejob,buthislifechangedinaprisonwhenhewasaccompanyinghisfriend,ReverendRobertJ.Harris,whooftenwenttolocalprisonstodohiswork.Duringthevisit,Hamiltonstartedtalkingtooneoftheprisonersandaskedwhathewasgoingtodowhenhegotout.“Hesaidhewasgoingtogetajob,”Hamiltonsays.“Ithoughttomyself,wow,that’sgoingtobedifficult.”TheconversationmadeHamiltonconsiderhowprisonerscouldbenefitfromoperatingtheirownbusiness,somethinghethoughtaboutforyears.Finallyin2008,16yearsafterthatinitialconversation,HamiltoncreatedInmatestoEntrepreneurs,anonprofitorganizationthathelpspeoplewithcriminalbackgroundsstarttheirownsmallbusinesses.“HarrisandItaughtourfirstcourseataprisoncalled‘HowtoStartYourOwnBusinessWhenYouGetOut’,”hesays.Atthetime,Hamiltonwasbuildinghisowncompany,Sageworks.Hewasthechairmanandco-founderofSageworks.AsSageworksgrew,sodidHamilton’stimespentteachingatprisonsthroughoutNorthCarolina.Eventually,Hamiltondecideditwastimetochangehisfocustohistruepassion.InMay2018,hesoldhisstake(股份)inSageworks,focusinghiscommitmentonInmatestoEntrepreneurs.“Now,anyoneisabletoaccessthecourse,eithertobecomeateachertogointoprisonstoteachitortoaccessitforthemselvesasaprisonerorpartofthegeneralpopulation,”Hamiltonexplains.Inaddition,hevisitsmiddleschoolsandpresentsthecoursetoat-riskstudentstoleadtheso-calledbadstudentstotherightpath.ThefreecourseisfundedbytheBrianHamiltonFoundation,whichoffershelptosoldiersastheyadjusttocivilianlifeandprovidesloanstosmallbusinesses.“We’regivingprisonerssomethingtheycandoindependentofasystemthatisn’tworkingforthem.Ifyoucanmakepeopleknowthatotherpeoplecareaboutthem,itwillmakeadifference.”41.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A.Hamiltonlosthissix-figurejob.B.Harrisoftenvisitedlocalprisonstointerview.C.Hamilton’slifechangedaftervisitingaprison.D.Harriswasoptimisticaboutprisoners’jobprospects.42.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutInmatestoEntrepreneurs?A.Itisoftenshortofprisonteachers. B.Itprovidesloanstoat-riskstudents.C.It’sindependentofthesocialsystem. D.Itscoursehasbeenlargelybroadened.43.WhatcanweknowaboutHamilton?A.Heoftenwenttoprisonsbefore2008.B.Hetriedtopreventpossiblecrimesinadvance.C.Hewroteabooktitled“HowtoStartYourOwnBusiness”.D.Hegaveawayhiscompanytothosewhowerereleasedfromprison.44.WhatdoesHamiltonvalue?A.Offeringcaretoothers. B.Givingtrusttostrangers.C.Showingrespectforteachers. D.Providingeducationforchildren.45.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusinthepassage?A.Amanmadeafruitlessvisittotheprison.B.Amansoldhisbusinesstoteachprisoners.C.Amanrealizedhisdreamofbeingateacher.D.Amansuccessfullycreatedtwoorganisations.【答案】41.C42.D43.B44.A45.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，布莱恩·汉密尔顿的一次监狱之行让他萌生了帮助囚犯出狱后如何适应生活的想法，因此他创建了非营利组织“InmatestoEntrepreneurs”，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业。【41题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“BrianHamiltonusedtooccupyhimselfwithasix-figurejob,buthislifechangedinaprisonwhenhewasaccompanyinghisfriend,ReverendRobertJ.Harris,whooftenwenttolocalprisonstodohiswork.(布莱恩·汉密尔顿曾经忙于一份六位数的工作，但当他陪伴他的朋友罗伯特·J·哈里斯牧师时，他的生活在监狱里发生了变化，哈里斯牧师经常去当地监狱工作)”可知，第一段主要讲汉密尔顿参观监狱后，他的生活发生了变化。故选C项。【42题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段““Now,anyoneisabletoaccessthecourse,eithertobecomeateachertogointoprisonstoteachitortoaccessitforthemselvesasaprisonerorpartofthegeneralpopulation,”Hamiltonexplains.Inaddition,hevisitsmiddleschoolsandpresentsthecoursetoat-riskstudentstoleadtheso-calledbadstudentstotherightpath.(汉密尔顿解释道：“现在，任何人都可以学习这门课程，要么成为一名教师，进入监狱教授，要么作为囚犯或普通人群的一部分自己学习。”此外，他还参观了中学，并向有风险的学生介绍课程，以引导所谓的坏学生走上正确的道路)”可知，通过课程的使用人群的范围可推断出，“InmatestoEntrepreneurs”组织的课程已经得到了很大地扩展。故选D项。【43题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Inaddition,hevisitsmiddleschoolsandpresentsthecoursetoat-riskstudentstoleadtheso-calledbadstudentstotherightpath.(此外，他还参观了中学，并向有风险的学生介绍课程，以引导所谓的坏学生走上正确的道路)”可知，汉密尔顿试图提前预防可能发生的犯罪。故选B项。【44题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“Finallyin2008,16yearsafterthatinitialconversation,HamiltoncreatedInmatestoEntrepreneurs,anonprofitorganizationthathelpspeoplewithcriminalbackgroundsstarttheirownsmallbusinesses.(最后，在2008年，也就是最初的对话16年后，汉密尔顿创建了“InmatestoEntrepreneurs”，这是一个非营利组织，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业)”和最后一段Hamilton所说的话的“Ifyoucanmakepeopleknowthatotherpeoplecareaboutthem,itwillmakeadifference.(如果你能让人们知道其他人关心他们，那就会有所不同)”可知，Hamilton创建了非营利组织“InmatestoEntrepreneurs”，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业，认为人们要去关怀囚犯，可得出汉密尔顿看重为他人提供关怀。故选A项。【45题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文叙述了BrianHamilton成功创业的故事，Hamilton创建了“InmatestoEntreprcneurs”这个组织，这是个帮助有犯罪背景的人创业的非营利组织。与此同时Hamilton还建立自己的公司Sageworks。2018年他卖掉了Sageworks的股份，一心投到“InmatestoEntrepreneurs”中来，去教犯人如何去创业。所以短文主要在讲述一个男人卖了他的企业去教囚犯如何创业，B项“一个男人卖掉了自己的生意来教囚犯”符合文意。故选B项。CThegiantpandaismorethanjustacuteconservationanimalandabelovedmediadarling.Itisalso,accordingtonewresearch,theprotectorofdozensofotheruniqueChinesespecies.Thepandaitselfdoesn’tactuallydefendotherwildlife,butithelpstosaveitallthesamebyservingaswhat’sknownasan“umbrellaspecies”.Inotherwords,effortstopreservehabitatsforthegiantpandaalsoprotectmanyothermammals,birdsandamphibians(两栖动物)thatliveonlyalongsidepandas,inthesameareasandregions.ConservationistshaveexpressedthisumbrellaspeciestheoryforyearsbutapaperpublishedrecentlyinBiologicalConservationprovesit.TheresearchfoundthatmostoftheforestanimalsinChinalivewithinthepanda’sgeographicrangeandthenaturereservessetasidetoprotectthem.Inbrief,mostofthisrangeoverlaps(与……重叠)withimportantconservationareasforotherlocalforestspecies.Pandasdoprotectalotalthoughafewspeciesfalloutsidetheumbrella.Theresearchfoundaboutonehundredkindsofanimalsarenotprotectedbythegiantpanda’scurrentreservation.Thepaperidentified10locationsthatmightbesuitableforneworimprovednaturereservestohelpexpandthatcoverage.Manyoftheseareas,locatedinSichuanProvince,whichisconsideredthestronghold(大本营)ofgiantpandasinthewild,areclosetoexistingreserves.Protectingthenewlyidentifiedlocations,however,won’tsaveallofChina’suniquewildlife.“PandasareagoodumbrellaspeciesforforestecosystemsinChinabutthat’snotenough,”saysco-authorBinbinLi.“InChinawehavemanyecosystems.Weneedmoreumbrellaspecies.”Forexample,shesaystigerscouldservethesameroleinthenorthernpartofthecountryandsnowleopardscouldbeanumbrellaforgrasslandspecies.“Thenewfindingsareimportant,”Pimm(theotherauthor)andLisay,“becausemanypeopledoubtwhetherChina’scommitmenttopreservinggiantpandahabitatsisdoingmuchgood.”Otherpeoplearoundtheworlddon’tevenrealizethatwildpandasstillliveintheirnativeforests.“AlotoftheresourcesinChinagotoreleasingcaptive(被关住的)pandasbackintothewild,”Lisays.“Thenewsdoesn’tcoverthat.”Shesaysthispaperhelpsdisplaywildpandasandalsoshowsthattheexpenseinpreservingthemismoneywellspent.Theresearchershopetheirpaperhelpstosetthetoneforfuturediscussionsnotonlyaboutumbrellaspeciesbutalsogiantpandasthemselves,alongwithallChina’swildlife.46.Giantpandasarecalledanumbrellaspeciesbecause________.A.theyneverfightforprotectedspeciesB.theyhelptakecareofotherbabyanimalsC.theirpreciousvaluerequiresbetterprotectionD.theprotectionforthemalsoextendstootherspecies47.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A.Thenumberofnaturereservesmaybereduced.B.Thecoverageofnaturereservesmaybeexpanded.C.Thegiantpandalivesinimportantlocalconservationareas.D.ManynaturereservesinChinaarelocatedinSichuanProvince.48.WhatshouldpeopledotoprotectecosystemsaccordingtoBinbinLi?A.Createmorekindsofstrongspecies. B.Findmorekindsofumbrellaspecies.C.Focussolelyonpandas’conservation. D.Searchformuchbiggernaturereservations.49.PimmandLithinkthenewfindingsarehelpfulin________.A.showinghowwellpandasareliving B.blamingthemediafortheirignoranceC.provingChina’seffortstoprotectpandas D.appealingtoorganizationstodonatemoney50.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theumbrellaspecieshaveagreatinfluenceontheecosystem.B.ResearchershavedonealottoprotectChina’slocalspecies.C.Giantpandaconservationalsoprotectsother