无机材料对PVA-H3BO3包埋固定化方法的改进

无机材料对PVA-H3BO3包埋固定化方法的改进ImprovementofInorganicMaterialonthePVA-H3BO3EmbeddingandFixationMethod

Inthefieldofbiotechnology,theembeddingandfixationofbiologicalsamplesarenecessaryforobservationundervariousanalyticalinstruments.Thepolyvinylalcohol-boricacid(PVA-H3BO3)methodiscommonlyutilizedbecauseofitsnon-toxicityandhighstability.However,therearestilllimitationsinitsefficiencyduetoitsbrittlenessandlowadhesiontocertainsamples.Therefore,inthisstudy,weproposeanovelPVA-H3BO3embeddingandfixationmethodincorporatinginorganicmaterialtoimproveitsperformance.

Theinorganicmaterialusedforthisstudyishydroxyapatite(HAP),whichisabiocompatibleandosteoconductivematerialthatcanalsoenhanceadhesion.ThePVA-H3BO3solutionwasmixedwithvaryingratiosofHAPinarangeof0-20%(w/w)andtheirmechanicalpropertieswereevaluated.ThecompressivestrengthandYoung'smodulusofPVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositessignificantlyincreasedwiththeadditionofHAPupto10%(w/w)comparedtothecontrolgroupwithoutHAP.FurtheradditionofHAPupto20%(w/w)reducedthemechanicalproperties,indicatingthattoomuchHAPmayinterferewiththePVA-H3BO3matrix.

Theimprovedmechanicalpropertieswerefurtherevaluatedintheembeddingandfixationofzebrafishembryos.EmbryoswereembeddedinthePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositemixtureandsectionedforobservationunderamicroscope.ThesectionedsamplesshowedclearandsharpimageswithreducedartifactscomparedtothecontrolgroupwithoutHAP.Furthermore,thesamplesshowedbetteradhesiontothePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositematrix,indicatingthatHAPimprovedthefixationoftheembryos.

Inconclusion,weproposeanovelPVA-H3BO3embeddingandfixationmethodthatincorporatesHAPinitscompositematrix.TheadditionofHAPsignificantlyimprovedthemechanicalpropertiesofthePVA-H3BO3matrixupto10%(w/w)andenhancedtheadhesiontothesamples.Thismethodmaybeapplicabletovariousbiologicalsamples,improvingtheefficiencyandaccuracyoftheirobservationandanalysis.Apartfromtheimprovementsinmechanicalpropertiesandadhesion,theincorporationofHAPhasalsobeenshowntoenhancethebioactivityofthePVA-H3BO3embeddingandfixationmethod.Bioactivityreferstotheabilityofamaterialtointeractwiththebiologicalenvironmentandpromotecellularresponse,suchasgrowthordifferentiation.HAPisawell-knownbioactivematerialduetoitssimilaritytothemineralcomponentofbonesandteeth.

IncorporationofHAPintothePVA-H3BO3matrixmayfacilitatecellgrowthandadhesion,leadingtobetterpreservationoftissuemorphologyandcellularstructures.TheimprovedbioactivityofthePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositemayalsohavepotentialapplicationsintissueengineeringwherethescaffoldmaterialneedstobebiocompatibleaswellascapableofsupportingthegrowthanddifferentiationofcells.

Moreover,theadditionofHAPtothePVA-H3BO3matrixmayofferthepossibilityoffunctionalizationbyincorporatingotherinorganicmaterialsorbioactivemolecules.Forinstance,calciumsulfatehemihydrate(CSH)canbeusedtoincreasethecompressivestrengthandporosityofthecomposite.Alternatively,growthfactorsorantifungalagentscanbeincorporatedtoendowthecompositewithbioactivityorresistancetoinfection,respectively.

Overall,theincorporationofinorganicmaterialssuchasHAPmaybringaboutsignificantimprovementstothePVA-H3BO3embeddingandfixationmethod.Byenhancingmechanicalproperties,adhesion,andbioactivity,thismethodhasthepotentialtosignificantlyimprovetheaccuracyandefficiencyofobservingbiologicalsamples.Theabilitytofunctionalizethecompositewithinorganicmaterialsorbioactivemoleculesalsooffersversatileapplicationsinareassuchastissueengineeringanddiseasediagnosis.AnotherpotentialapplicationofthePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositeisasacoatingmaterialformedicaldevices.Thecompositionofthecompositecanbetailoredtosuitthepropertiesrequiredforcoatingdifferenttypesofmedicaldevices,includingstents,dentalimplants,andprostheses.Theenhancedbioactivityofthecompositecanimprovetissueintegrationandreducetheriskofrejection,makingitanattractiveoptionforimplantablemedicaldevices.

Inthefieldofdentistry,thePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositehaspotentialasanadhesivematerialfordentalrestorations.Thebioactivityofthecompositecanhelptopromotetheformationofnewbonetissue,leadingtoimprovedlong-termbondingbetweentherestorationandtheunderlyingtooth.

Furthermore,thePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositecanalsobeusedindrugdeliverysystems.Thecompositecanbeloadedwiththerapeuticdrugsandimplantedatthesiteofinjuryordiseasetoprovidesustainedreleaseofthedrugovertime.Thebioactivityofthecompositecanalsohelptostimulatehealingandtissueregenerationatthesiteofimplantation.

Inaddition,thePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositehaspotentialapplicationsasabiocompatiblescaffoldmaterialfor3Dprintingoftissue-engineeredconstructs.Thecompositecanbeusedtocreateaporousscaffoldthatmimicsthenaturalextracellularmatrixoftissues,aidingincellularadhesionandtissueintegration.

Inconclusion,theincorporationofinorganicmaterialssuchasHAPintothePVA-H3BO3matrixcanbringaboutsignificantimprovementstotheembeddingandfixationmethodforbiologicalsamples.Inadditiontoimprovedmechanicalpropertiesandadhesion,theenhancedbioactivityofthecompositeopensuparangeofpotentialapplicationsinareassuchasmedicaldevicecoatings,dentaladhesives,drugdeliverysystems,andtissueengineering.Withfurtherresearch,thePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositecouldbecomeaversatilebiomaterialwithawiderangeofapplicationsinmedicineandbiotechnology.OnepotentialapplicationofthePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositeisinbonetissueengineering.AsHAPisamajorcomponentofnaturalbone,thecompositecanbeusedasascaffoldmaterialtoencourageboneregenerationinpatientswithbonedefectsorfractures.Theexcellentbiocompatibilityandbioactivityofthecompositepromotecellgrowthandtissueintegration,whichacceleratesthehealingprocess.

AnotherapplicationofthePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositeisinthedevelopmentofantimicrobialcoatings.Boricacidhasbeenshowntopossessstrongantimicrobialproperties,makingthecompositeanidealmaterialforcoatingmedicalequipmentandsurgicaltools.Thecompositecoatingcaneffectivelyreducetheriskofinfectionduringsurgery,improvingpatientoutcomesandreducinghospital-acquiredinfections.

ThePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositecanalsobeusedasamaterialforhardtissuerepair,suchasdentalenamelandbone.Thecompositecanbeusedtorepairsmallcracksanddefectsindentalenamel,providingamoreeffectivesolutionthantraditionaldentalfillings.Inaddition,thecompositecanhelptorepairbonedefectsorfractures,whichcanbedifficulttotreatusingtraditionalmethods.

Finally,thePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositehaspotentialinthedevelopmentofbiosensorsfordiagnosticapplications.Thecompositecanbeusedasamatrixmaterialforimmobilizingenzymes,antibodies,orotherbiomolecules.Theboronionsinthecompositecanmodifytheelectricalconductivityofthematrix,allowingforthedetectionofvariousanalytesinbiologicalsamples.

Overall,thePVA-H3BO3/HAPcompositeisaversatilebiomaterialthatcanbeusedinvariousmedicalandbiotechnologicalapplications.Itsuniqueproperties,includingbioactivity,biocompatibility,andantimicrobialactivity,mak