母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计

母猪场的配种妊娠舍设计第1页/共144页TypicalMidwestFacility典型中西部母猪舍设施Entrancearea:shoesoff入口：脱鞋Showerin/showerout洗澡进出Officearea/lunchroom/utilityroom办公室/午餐室/水电房MultipleFarrowingrooms:24to60craterooms多间产房:24-60产床/间Breeding/gestation1200to3000cratesbuildings配种妊娠舍:1200-1300妊娠栏/栋Giltdevelopmentunit(GDU)on-siteandoff-site后备猪培育舍在场内或场外Allroomsconnectedbyhallways(onceinsidenooutsideexitallowed)所有房间均以通道相连(进入后不能出去)第2页/共144页FacilityDesign设施设计Allfacilitiesmechanicallyventilated所有设施均机械通风Fansandinlets 风扇与进风口Fans,inlets,tunneledventilatedwithcoolcells 风扇、进风口、隧道式通风结合水帘Ventilationsystemsdesignfor-26Cto38C工作温度设计为-26Cto38CBiosecuritymeasuresstrictlyfollowed严格遵守生物安全规定Deeppitbarnsaretypical深池式是标准第3页/共144页*Eachnurseryandfinishingbuildingmaybeonaseparatesite.每处保育育肥场都可能在不同地点

Site1:Breeding/Gestation/Farrowing第1点:配种妊娠分娩Site2:Nursery第2点:保育Site3:Finishing第3点:育肥3-siteProduction:EachWeekwithSeparateSite三点生产：每周的猪都在不同场第4页/共144页Finishing–12roomsof500160daysatmarketing12间500头育肥,160天出栏Example:ToProduce500PigsperWeek例：每周生产500头4FarrowingRooms–56crateseach四间产房:每间56床7Nurseriesof5007weeks七间500头保育舍EachWeekonenurseryof500pigsismovedtoonefinisherof500pigs每周转出一间500保育至育肥EachWeekonefarrowingroomof56cratesisweanedtofillanursery每周断奶56套产床Breeding/Gestation–1255breedingfemales+giltpool配种妊娠：1255头繁殖母猪+后备群5第5页/共144页Pigs/wk头/周BreedingFemales1繁殖母猪FarrowingCrates产床NurseryRooms保育舍FinishingRooms2育肥舍Pigs/year头/年250628112712~12,0005001255224712~24,00010002511448712~48,00020005088996712~96,00061BreedingFemalesdoesnotincludegiltpool 繁殖母猪不含后备2Ifwean/finishused,totalrooms=18如果用保育育肥一体舍，总舍数为18Assumptions:假定

Averageweaningage=26days平均断奶日龄=26天

7weeksinnursery 保育7周

160daystomarket 160日龄上市

9.5pigsweaned/liter 9.5头断奶/窝

4daysbreeding/group 4天配种/批

5daysto1stservice 至第一次发情5天

5%post-weaningmortality断奶后死亡率5%第6页/共144页SowFarmExampleLayout母猪场样例712345678FarmOffice&Shower-inFacility办公室及洗澡设施Exampletoproduce1000pigs/week每周产1000头

2168sowcrates+activegiltpool母猪栏2168头+可用后备群

448farrowingcrates 448产床第7页/共144页GDU后备猪培育舍Breeding/Gestation配种妊娠舍Farrowing分娩舍Loadout出猪口PerimeterFence围栏第8页/共144页ExampleSowFarm例：每周生产1000头

(producing1000pigs/week)2511sows+50activegilts2511头母猪+50可用后备Farrowing–8roomsof56crateor17roomswith28crates产房：8间56产床，或17间28产床Gestation/Breeding–2165crates配种妊娠-2165限位栏GiltDeveloper后备猪培育设施9第9页/共144页10BreedingProduction

Phase配种段Typesofmatingsystems配种方式Handmating手助Penmating 大栏 Artificialinsemination人工授精Facilities设施Environmentallycontrolled-individualcrates环境控制-个体定位Environmentallycontrolled–pens环境控制-大栏Openlotsingroups按批开放位Deepbeddedstructures--grouphousing厚垫料-大群第10页/共144页Fully-Crated,PartiallySlattedGestationFacility全限位、部分漏缝地板妊娠舍18.3m44.5m210CratesinshownareaConcreteSlattedFlooroveramanureguttter粪沟上漏缝地板11第11页/共144页TypicalGestationBarnSizes典型的妊娠舍1200headfacility 1200头舍6-rowbarn 6列式18.3x127米meterslongCoolcellononeendandsidesandfansontheotherend一端侧为水帘，另一端风机8-rowbarn 8列式24.4x95米meterslongCoolcellononeendandsides一端侧为水帘

2400headfacility 2400头舍24.4x190米meterslongCoolcellsonbothendsandfansinthemiddle水帘在两端，风机在中间第12页/共144页CratedSystems限位栏CrateSize限位栏尺寸Sows成母猪0.61mby2.15mGilts青年母0.59mby2.15mWaterSystem饮水TroughorNipples?槽?饮水器?Alleys过道0.61mto0.9atrearofsow母猪后0.9to1.22minfrontofsow母猪前13第13页/共144页第14页/共144页TypicalGestationStalls典型限位栏0.61meters(m)widthx2.13minlengthLargerstallsaremakingtheirwayontothemarket大栏正进入市场Approx.42days installs42天在限位栏里第15页/共144页Watering饮水16Recessed下沉式SurfaceMounted地表式Nipples饮水器第16页/共144页SlatConstruction地板制造10.2to12.7厘米宽centimeters(cm)inwidth2.54cmto3.17cm.slotopening缝隙Pencilroundededges圆角Compressivestrength 316kg-force/cm2耐压强度316kg力/cm2第17页/共144页第18页/共144页PenGestation大栏10to12sowsperpenorgreaterthan100每栏10-12头或超过100头1.86to2.06平米/头squaremeters/sow第19页/共144页Options–Feeding给料方式6/9/04-J.HarmonFeedDropsFeedDrops(floor)TrickleFeeding第20页/共144页GroupManagement大群管理StaticGroups 静态群10sowsperpen 10头/栏Upto35to40sows 至35-40头DynamicGroups动态群80to200sows 80-200头Mixingeachweek 每周混群Differentproductionphases 不同生产期Tendencyofsmallerlitters产自数减少的倾向6/9/04-J.Harmon第21页/共144页GroupManagement大群管理StaticGroupsarerarelypossible静态群很难实现Considerations考虑因素Housebredgiltsseparate,mixafterfarrowing单独放置已配后备，分娩后混合Addatleast10percent最少增加10%Presenceofamatureboarlimitsfighting放入一头成年公猪可防止打斗6/9/04-J.Harmon第22页/共144页LargePensGestatingSows

妊娠母猪大栏第23页/共144页ElectronicSowFeeders

电子饲喂第24页/共144页BreedingStalls配种栏第25页/共144页第26页/共144页第27页/共144页ResearchSays(Univ.ofMinnesota)明尼苏达大学的研究表明800sowunit 800头母猪群Individualgestationsowstalls(0.61mx2.13m) 母猪个体限位栏

Large50-60sowgrouppens(6.7mx12.8m)withelectronicfeedingstations50-60头电子饲喂大栏(6.7mx12.8m)Allsowsmaintainedonfullyslattedfloors都是全漏缝地板

第28页/共144页ResultsofStudy结果Frequencyofinjuries,stresshormonelevelsandthelevelofaggressionishigherinESFgrouphousedsowscomparedtostallhousedsows电子饲喂母猪受伤频率、应激激素水平、攻击性高于限位栏母猪MostoftheaggressionintheESFsystemwasrelatedtothemixingofsowsandfeederentry电子饲喂母猪受的攻击性与混群、入料位有关Biteinjuriestothevulvaandlegsandmoresubstantialinjuriestothelegsandfeetforsowshousedingroupscomparedtostallhousedsows.电子饲喂母猪外阴咬伤、肢体伤均较多第29页/共144页EnvironmentalFactorsandVentilationOptions

环境因素与通风选择第30页/共144页

Weight体重

Optimum最佳

Range范围

Litter-newborn新生窝仔35ºC 32-38ºCLitter-3weeks3周龄窝28ºC 24-30ºC5-14kg 28ºC 24-30ºC14-23kg 24ºC 21-27ºC23-34kg 18ºC 16-21ºC34-82kg 16ºC 13-21ºC82kg–Adult成年 16ºC 10-21ºCTargetTemperatureRangesfor

GrowingandAdultPigs

生长猪-成年猪的目标温度范围第31页/共144页HeatStressandtheBreedingHerd

热应激和繁殖猪群Levis,19806月7月8月9月10月11月12月1月2月热应激

公猪繁殖力下降

窝仔因公猪繁殖力下降而受害窝仔因母猪热应激而受害第32页/共144页ChinaTemperatureRanges

中国的气温City城市January1月July7月Nanning南宁9.8to16oC25to32oCwith70%R.H.Xian西安-4.4to4.4oC21to32oCwith58%R.H.Beijing北京-8.0to1.0oC22to30oCwith70%R.H.Shenyang沈阳-13to-4oC

19to28oCwith70%R.H.Note:TemperaturesareaveragerangesforthemonthandRelativeHumidity(R.H.)istheaveragehumidityintheafternoon温度是月度平均，相对湿度是下午平均第33页/共144页BasicVentilationRates基本通风率Coldweather[‘Minimum’]Xian,Beijing,Shenyang寒冷气候[最低通风量]：西安、北京、沈阳Mildweather温和气候Nanningandall南宁等等Hotweather炎热气候Allareas所有第34页/共144页VentilationRatesPerGiltorSow

每头母猪的通风率

AnimalMinimumorCold最低Mild温和Hot炎热Gilt(136kg)后备24m3/hour68m3/hour

255m3/hourGestatingsow妊娠成母Small(136kg)小34m3/hour68m3/hour255m3/hourMedium(181kg)中34m3/hour85m3/hour510m3/hourLarge(500kg)大34m3/hour110m3/hour850m3/hour第35页/共144页VentilationStrategies

通风系统类型Fullmechanical全机械通风Naturalwithmechanicalassist自然通风，辅助以机械通风Fullnatural全自然通风第36页/共144页FullMechanical,Negative-PressureVentilationSystems

全机械负压通风系统Exhaustfans排风扇Airinlets进气口Controls控制器Total[HVAC]systemHeaters取暖器

Evaporativecooling蒸发降温第37页/共144页ExhaustFans第38页/共144页StaticPressureandAirflowResistance静压与空气阻力Airflowresistance气流阻力Restrictsairflow限制了气流Increasesstaticpressure增加了静压Makesfans造成风扇Workharder吃力Lessefficient低效Desiredstaticpressure期望静压12.5Pascal’s帕Nomorethan30Pascal’s不超过30HighΔPPiPo第39页/共144页ExampleGestation/Breeding

1084headbuilding

例：1084头配种妊娠舍40~122m~18mEvaporativePads水帘1233445566Stage档FansAdded增用风扇Stagem3/hrTotalm3/hr合计11–1.2m38,06038,06021–1.2m38,06076,12032–1.2m76,120152,24042–1.37m98,520250,76052–1.37m98,520349,28062-1.37m98,520447,800第40页/共144页PoweredInlets动力控制进风口WeightedorVelocityInlets重力控制进风口AsAlways,InletsAreKey第41页/共144页AirDistribution空气分布Causingairtoflowwithinaroomsothatuniform,plannedmixingofairoccurs使空气在室内流动，从而使室内空气按要求均匀混合Considersconditionsindifferentlocations要考虑不同地点的条件Usuallytalkabout‘airflowpatterns我们通常讨论的是“气流模式”’第42页/共144页ProperAirDistribution

正确的空气分布第43页/共144页CeilingAirInlet(3400m3/hrcapacity)

天花板进气口(进气率3400m3/小时)第44页/共144页A5040m3/HourActuatedCeilingInlet

5040m3/小时可控天花板进风口第45页/共144页AtticAirIntake阁楼进风口Portofentryforfreshair新风进气口Mustbeeffectiveopening必须是有效开口第46页/共144页VentilationControls

通风系统控制器

第47页/共144页ReasonableExpectationsof[Fan]Controllers风扇控制器的基本要求Monitorandcontrolairtemperaturewell测温及控制好Humidity??湿度？Drafts??贼风？Controlfanspeed速度控制Inlets?进风口?Staticpressure??静压?Airflow???气流?Usingfactorysettings用工厂设置第48页/共144页SetPoint设置点Temperature温度782Variable-SpeedFans

&2Single-SpeedFans

2调速风扇+2定苏风扇Minimum最低Airflowrate风流率BandwidthStage234OffsetBandwidth1Stage112Differential3Stage35Differential4Stage4691011第49页/共144页SupplementalCooling

额外制冷StirFans 扰流扇Sprinklercooling淋水器Evaporativecooling蒸发降温第50页/共144页PlacementofStirFans

扰流风扇位置环流风扇跑道式排列在宽猪舍中侧向排列风向侧面观第51页/共144页Whentoturnonstirringfans?何时启动扰流风扇Cooling:1-3oFlowerthandripcoolingorsprinkling(24-25.5oC)制冷:可比滴水降温或淋水降温(24-25.5oC)低1-3oFGoalistofirstusedrafttocoolthepigs,thenaddwaterforevaporativecooling.目标是先用风流冷却猪,然后淋水再蒸发Poorairdistribution:somefanscanalwaysbeon,buttheymustbere-oriented(alongceiling)forcolderweather.气流不合理:部分风机不停,但是冬天应沿天花板吹第52页/共144页TiltingFansforCoolingEffect

(ViewfromCenterAisletowardSidewall)

斜风扇的制冷效果(在中间过道向侧墙看)Spacing~25xfandiameter(ft)FansUsedforSupplementalCooling降温风扇FansUsedforDistributingAir导流风扇SpacetoutilizethrowThrow~10xfandiameter(m)TiltfanstoexposepigstomovingairstreamNotiltresultsinaircirculationwithoutexposingpigstomovingairstreamDrRickStowell,ExtensionAgEngineer,UniversityofNebraska第53页/共144页Cooling降温6/9/04-J.HarmonDripCooling滴水降温EvaporativePads蒸发板第54页/共144页DripCoolingforSows

母猪的滴水降温Waterdroplet水滴第55页/共144页CoolingGestationSwine

妊娠母猪的降温Criticalperiods关键时期First30+daysaftermating配种后最初30多天Influencesconceptionrateandlittersize影响受胎率和窝仔数Last30daysofgestation妊娠期最后30天Influencesstillborns关系到死产数第56页/共144页CoolingBoars公猪的降温Keepthescrotumcool保持阴囊凉爽Keeproomtempbelow28oC保持室温在28℃以下Respirationrate(panting)maynotbeagoodindicatorofheatstress呼吸率也许不是热应激的良好指标第57页/共144页Tunnel-VentilatedGestationBarnw/EvaporativeCoolingPads

带水帘的隧道式通风妊娠舍第58页/共144页DesignofEvaporativeCoolers

水帘的设计Padefficiencydropssharplyat>2meters/second(m/s)airvelocitythroughthepad1200femalesx0.12cubicmeters/sec.=144m3/sec.Or518,400m3/hourfor1200females 1200头母猪风量Totalpadarea=144m3/sec./2.03m/s=71.0m2水帘面积Totalpadlength=71.0m2/1.82mpadheight=39.0meters水帘长度Note:2.03m/sisthemaximumallowablevelocitythrougha15.2cmthickpad15.2cm厚的水帘最大风速不应超过2.03m/sEx.Fora24.4mwidebarnwith1200headcapacityplacea1.8mx23mcoolcellonend-wallanda1.8mx8mcoolcellalongeachsidewall24.4m宽的1200母猪舍一端1.8mx23m、侧墙各有1.8mx8m水帘第59页/共144页EndWallCoolCells端墙水帘第60页/共144页EvaporativePadCoolerIssues

水帘降温器的问题UnevenWetting湿润不匀WaterQuality水质问题Algaegrowth–usedilutionofcoppersulfate藻类生长-用硫酸铜稀释液Mineraldeposits矿物积聚Routinelydrain10-15%定期空净Alternative–muraticacidorvinegarinwater其他-酸化剂Covers盖子Staticpressurecontrolpoint控制静压点Winter 冬天/www/Help.nsf/ByKey/RSCZ-628NBG/$file/qp1511.pdf第61页/共144页

EvaporativeCoolingPads水帘降温器

(KoolCellPads)Incomingairdrawnthroughwetpads空气吸入湿帘Airevaporateswaterfrompads上面的水分蒸发Tempreduced 降温Moistureincreased 适度增加TemperaturedecreaseuntilRHnears85%.

湿度85%以下降温Whenincomingairhumid(RH>70%),airtempdecreaseonly2.6to5.3C进入的空气湿度(RH>70%)时，降温2.6to5.3CWhenincomingairrelativelydry(<55%RH),airtempreductionmaybe8Cormore.进入的空气湿度(<55%RH),时，降温8C第62页/共144页ImpactofRelativeHumidityon

EffectivenessofEvaporativeCooling

相对湿度对水帘降温效果的影响33.3C22.8C26.1C29.4C外部气温

外部相对湿度第63页/共144页Whentoturnonpadpumps?

何时开启水帘的水泵？Fulltunnelventilationfirst先开启隧道式通风Minimumoutsidetemperature–yoursystemspecifies?最低外部温度-你的参数？第64页/共144页B&GVentilationSpecification

配种妊娠舍通风参数Minimumrate=34m3/hr–sow最低通风量=34m3/hr–母猪Totalfor1200headbuilding=40,800m3/hr1200头母猪=40,800m3/hrMildWeatherrate=85m3/hr–sow温和气候通风量=85m3/hr–母猪Totalfor1200headbuilding=102,000m3/hr1200头母猪=102,000m3/hr

Summerrate=425m3/hr–sow(w/evapcooling)夏季通风量=425m3/hr-母猪Total1200headbuilding=510,000m3/hr1200头母猪=510,000m3/hrEvaporativepads 水帘Provide1m2per6900m3/hr 每6900m3/hr用1米Totalfor1200headbuilding=74m21200头母猪用74米65第65页/共144页Summary结语Evaporatingwaterfromskinsurfaceismosteffectivecoolingsystemforswine水从皮肤表明蒸发，有最好的降温效果Waterneedstobeproperlyplacedandatthecorrectflowrate水需要有适宜的使用地点，水流率要正确Increasedairspeed&lowerhumiditygreatlyincreaseevaporativeheatloss增加风速并降低湿度，可大大加强蒸发降温SprinklersforG-Fpigs&drippersforsows对生长肥育猪进行喷淋，对母猪进行滴水第66页/共144页ObjectivesofFiltrationprojects

空气过滤的目的Filterallincomingairthroughtheairinletsandcoolcells,ifapplicable.所有通过进风口、水帘进舍的空气都进行过滤Provideapproximately0.12cubicmeterspersecond(m3/sec.)or250cubicfeetperminute(cfm)ofairflowperboarorsowduringhotweatherconditions炎热气候每头公猪或母猪提供250立方英尺/分钟的气流Maintainboar,sowandworkercomfortandproductivity保持公母猪及员工的舒适Sealallunplannedopenings所有无用缝隙都封上第67页/共144页Problemstoovercomeincluded:

需要克服的问题Thehighstaticpressurescreatedbythefiltersonfanperformance(50Pascal’s)空气过滤器静压(50帕)造成的风扇效率降低Existingfansnotprovidingenoughairflow withthehigherstaticpressures静压高，现有的风扇不能提供足够的气流Filtrationboxconstructionandinstallation空气过滤器的安装与建造Hotweathercooling 夏季降温问题第68页/共144页EvaluatingaFacilityforFiltration

改成空气过滤是对猪舍的评估Doesthepresentventilationsystemmeetindustrystandards?目前是否满足了行业通风要求？Whattypes,sizes,andqualityoffiltersareneeded?过滤器的种类、尺寸、质量？Whatwillhappentooverallventilationsystemperformancewhenfiltersareputinplace?安装过滤器之后通风系统怎样？Howmuchwillitcosttoinstallacompletefiltrationsystem?全过滤系统多少成本？Whatisthelongevityofthefiltersundertheseconditions?这种条件下过滤器的寿命？第69页/共144页DesignConsiderations

设计需要考虑的因素Whattypesofventilationsystemfacilitatesfiltration哪种通风系统更有利于过滤？Staticpressureeffectsontheventilationsystem静压对通风的影响？MERV-16filtersvs.MERV-14filters(MERV:minimumefficiencyreportingvalue)哪种过滤器？MERV-16还是MERV-14？Antimicrobialfiltration抗菌过滤器第70页/共144页TypicalFilterSet-up

过滤器的典型装置第71页/共144页第72页/共144页

A5040m3/hourceilinginletwillrequirea1.1m.wideby2.2m.filterbox

每小时5040m3

的进风口要安装1.1mX2.2m过滤器箱第73页/共144页第74页/共144页

FilterLongevity

过滤器寿命

Pre-filter:Approximately6months

前过滤器:约6个月

MERV-16:Boar

Studs

MERV-16:公猪站用

MERV-14orL6forSowunits

MERV-14或L9：母猪用

第75页/共144页4’Min3’MinCurtain(bottomup)Threerows24”x24”FilterDOP95MERV16ExistingEvapCoolerExistingInletsAirFiltrationSystemsAddPushFans????at0.50inchesOrHighPressureExhaustFans????OrhaveenoughfilterareaforconventionalExhaustFansat0.20inchesofpressure???第76页/共144页1.8meterhighcoolcell第77页/共144页第78页/共144页Conclusions结论Itisfeasiblefromaventilationstandpointtoinstallafiltrationsystem从通风的角度考虑，可以使用过滤器Costoffiltrationisinfluencingdecisionmakers过滤的成本影响决策Sofarsogoodforboarstuds公猪站目前不错第79页/共144页Summary小结Applygooddesignpractices使用良好设计规范Understandtheeffectsofstaticpressureontheventilationsystem了解静压对通风的影响UsehighqualityfiltersthathavebeentestedagainstthePRRSvirus使用经过检测的过滤器Workinprogress不断改进NewfacilitybeingbuiltwithMERV-14filters新猪舍用MERV-14第80页/共144页ManureHandling粪尿处置Deeppit深池式Manureisstoredbeneaththebuilding粪尿储于舍内地下Scraper 刮粪式Amechanicalscraperremovesmanure机械刮粪PullPlug拔塞式Manureisstoredinshallowgutters(0.6to0.9m)andplugispulledtoreleasemanuretooutsidestorages粪尿储藏在(0.6to0.9m)浅沟内，拔塞释放之涉外储藏Flush 冲水式Highvolumesofliquidrinsesmanurefrombeneaththeslat漏缝板下用大量水冲洗81第81页/共144页Under-floorConcretePitwithTotalSlats全漏缝地板混凝土粪池

Typically2.5to3.0metersdeepwithreinforced20cmthickwalls

通常2.5-3米深，20cm厚强化边墙

第82页/共144页ShallowGutterManureStorage

浅储粪槽18meters(两端出口)(一端出口)Shallowguttersaretypically0.61to0.9mdeep25.4cmdrainpipe第83页/共144页EntrancetoSowUnits:ShoesOff

母猪场进口：脱鞋第84页/共144页ShowerIn-ShowerOut:NoOutsideApparalAllowintheFacility

洗澡进出：外面的衣服不准带入第85页/共144页LunchandmeetingRoom

午餐室及会议室第86页/共144页WashersandDryersforworkClothes

工作服的洗衣、干衣机第87页/共144页5000头母猪配种妊娠分娩场第88页/共144页ProductionPhases&Scheduling

生产阶段与安排Productionschedulingisimportantfor生产安排很重要Existingoperations现有猪场Determineexpectedproductionfromfacilitiesunderdifferentconstraints确定不同情况下设施的产出Weaningage 断奶日龄Numberoffarrowingcrates 产床数Finishingspace 育肥面积Etc.Planningonnewfacilities新场规划Targetnumberofpigsproducedpertimeperiod(week,month,etc.)单位时间的产猪数Change更改第89页/共144页AllIn/AllOut(AIAO)全进全出Groupsofpigsareassembledastheyleavethenursery出保育舍时混群Nopigsareaddedtothegroup不再增加猪Facilitiesdesignedbasedonroomsize基于房间大小设计Roomsarecleanedandsanitizedbeforethenextgroupisplaced下批猪进来之前清洗消毒Preventsspreadofdisease防止疾病传播第90页/共144页Wean-to-FinishFacilityDesign

保育育肥一体舍设计StevePohlSouthDakotaStateUniversityStephen.pohl@第91页/共144页SingleWide单体12.5m–15.5mTripleWide三体46mDoubleWide双体24.7m–36.6mTunnelVentilation–Wean-Finish隧道式通风的保育育肥舍第92页/共144页隧道式通风对大型建筑是必需的第93页/共144页12.5MeterWideCurtainSidedGrow/FinishingFacility

12.5米跨度侧卷帘式生长育肥舍61meterslongwith40-3mx5.5mpensand22to25pigsperpen61米长，40个3x5.5m大栏，每栏22-25头51m3/hour/pigmechanicalventilationwiththerestnaturalcrossventilated机械通风51m3/小时/头,其他通过自然通风Typically600to1200hd.Facilities通常600-1200头第94页/共144页LargePenFinishingFacility

大栏育肥设施Eachroom:1000to1200headcapacityand12.5or15.5meterswide每间可装1000-1200头，12.5或15.5米宽Typically100to120pigsperpen通常每栏100-120头0.7squaremeters

perhead0.7平方米/头Alleyononeside过道在一侧第95页/共144页AtticInsulation:25cm.deep

天花板隔热层25cm厚Typicallyblow-ininsulation通常是喷隔热材料R-30toR-40Fiberglass玻璃纤维Cellulose纤维素Insulatedroof屋顶隔热R-4to8第96页/共144页1200HeadWeantoFinishSwineFacility(15.5mx61mroom)

1200头保育育肥一体舍(15.5mx61m)第97页/共144页PenWithIso-weanPigs

栏内同期断奶仔猪Doublestockedwith60pigsperpenina1200headroomforatotalof2400head每栏接入60头同期断奶仔猪，1200头的房间先装入2400头栏3.05mx7.3meterpen第98页/共144页1.22mx2.44mStrawCompositeMat

1.22mx2.44m可降解垫板第99页/共144页120HeadLargePenFeederSetup

120头大栏的料槽布置第100页/共144页4-holeFeeder1.2meterslong

四孔1.2米长第101页/共144页35.6cmwideFeederSpacesand10pigsperspace

料位宽度35.6cm，每个料位10头猪Slatsaver第102页/共144页5-holeFeeder1.22metersLongwith25cm.widespacesand5to6pigsperspace

五孔料槽，每个料位25cm宽5-6头猪第103页/共144页第104页/共144页VentilatingGrow/FinishUnits

生长育肥舍的通风第105页/共144页Chilled太冷Toowarm太热Comfortable舒适第106页/共144页ThermalNeutralZone,Upper&LowerCriticalTemperatures

温度适中区、高临界温度、低临界温度TNZUCTLCTColdStressHeatStress低临界温度高临界温度温度适中区能量摄入量(兆卡)耗料/增重平均日增重(磅)冷应激热应激第107页/共144页

Weight体重

Optimum最佳

Range范围

Litter-newborn新生窝仔35ºC 32-38ºCLitter-3weeks3周龄窝仔 28ºC 24-30ºC5-14kg 28ºC 24-30ºC14-23kg 24ºC 21-27ºC23-34kg 18ºC 16-21ºC34-82kg 16ºC 13-21ºC82kg-Adult 16ºC 10-21ºCTargetTemperatureRangesfor

GrowingandAdultPigs

生长猪成年猪的目标温度范围第108页/共144页VentilationStrategies

通风系统类型Fullmechanical全机械通风Naturalwithmechanicalassist自然通风，辅助以机械通风Fullnatural全自然通风第109页/共144页ExhaustFans

排风扇第110页/共144页RecommendedVentilationRatesforGrow/Finishing

生长育肥猪的通风率PigMinimumCold最冷Mild温和Hot炎热Finishing育肥30-68kg10m3/hr/pig41m3/hr/pig128m3/hr/pigFinishing育肥68-113kg17m3/hr/pig60m3/hr/pig204m3/hr/pig第111页/共144页30.5meterWideEndwallWithwithTunnelFans

30.5米宽，端墙安装隧道通风风扇第112页/共144页PoweredInlets带动力式WeightedorVelocityInlets重力/速度式AsAlways,InletsAreKey

进风口是关键第113页/共144页ActuatedBi-floInlet动力式双向风口第114页/共144页Counter-weightedBi-floInlet

反重力式双向风口第115页/共144页AirInlets进气口Room饲养室Placeforevenairdistribution使空气均匀分布Sizeforcapacitytomeetmaximumventilationneeds大小要能满足最大通风需要Includeabilitytoadjustproperly要能适当调节Attic/buildingairintake?顶室进气？Ensurethereisenough!要保证足够的量第116页/共144页WhydoIneedgoodairdistribution?

我们为什么需要空气分布良好Eliminatedeadspots排除死角Limitunwanteddrafts限制有害的贼风Reduce‘cold-airdrop’

减少“冷气团”第117页/共144页Multi-StageController

多档控制器第118页/共144页ReasonableExpectationsof[Fan]Controllers风扇控制器的基本要求Monitorandcontrolairtemperaturewell测温及控制好Humidity??湿度？Drafts??贼风？Controlfanspeed速度控制Inlets?进风口?Staticpressure??静压?Airflow???气流?Usingfactorysettings用工厂设置第119页/共144页SetPointTemperature782Variable-SpeedFans&2Single-SpeedFans

两台变速风机加两台单速风机MinimumAirflowrateBandwidthStage234OffsetBandwidth1Stage112Differential3Stage35Differential4Stage4691011通风率设置温度补偿宽度宽度差异3差异4温度设置温度最低第1档第4档第3档第2档第120页/共144页TunnelVentilatedCurtainedOpening

隧道式通风舍卷帘的开口尺寸第121页/共144页Producingdesiredairspeed(meters/sec.)生成期望的风速(米/秒)

Fan

Capacity风扇能力=x-sectionarea截面积xairspeed风速Ceilingheight(m)xRoomwidth(m)] xDesiredvelocity(m/second)Desiredvelocity:1.52meters/second(m/s)期望风速:1.52米/秒2)Producingdesiredairexchange(m3/sec/hd)生成期望的换气率(m3/秒/头)

#pigsx0.057m3/sec/pig

[atleast]最少：头数x0.057m3/秒/头Usethehigherfancapacity(cfm)basedon:用选其中较大的风扇能力，按照SizingTunnelVentilation:Grow-Finish

隧道式通风的计算：生长育肥舍第122页/共144页1)Producingdesiredairspeed生成期望的风速

[CeilingheightxRoomwidth]xDesiredvelocity

[2.44mx12.2m]x1.52m/s

=45.25m3/sec2)Producingdesiredairexchange生成期望的换气率

#pigsx0.057m3/sec

1,000hdx0.057m3/sec/hd

=57m3/sec

1.9m/sec

SizingTunnelVentilation:Grow-Finish

隧道式通风的计算：生长育肥舍UsetheHigherFanCapacity:用选其中较大的风扇能力第123页/共144页DirectCooling直接降温Wettingthepigandthenallowingmoisturetoevaporateoffprovidessubstantialcooling(1050BTU’slostforeverylbofwaterevaporated)使猪体表湿润，然后让水分蒸发，从而达到降温(每蒸发1磅水，能带走1050英热单位的热量)Goodsystemswetthepig&allowthewatertoevaporate优良的系统可使猪湿润并使水蒸发Increasedairspeed提高风速Lowerhumidity=increasedevaporationsowantintermittentwetting降低湿度=增加蒸发,间歇进行Sprinkling&dripping喷淋降温和滴水降温第124页/共144页Onceapiggetsto22kg,itstartsfeelingheatstressabove210C,andlossesoccurabove290C猪的体重一达到20千克，就会在温度21℃以上时感到热应激，气温高于29℃就会发生损失Athighertemperatures,littlebodyheatislostviaconduction,convection(unlessaKoolcellisutilized),andradiation高温条件下，猪几乎无法通过传导、对流(除非利用冷室)和辐射方式散发体热Ifthepigistosurviveinhotconditions,itmustloseheatthroughevaporation如果猪要耐过热应激，它必须通过蒸发的方式来散发体热第125页/共144页SprinklersforGrow-Fin

生长肥育猪喷淋器Startsprinklingat260C&wetallpigs在26℃开始喷淋，湿润所有的猪Oncepigsarewet,stopsprinklingandallowwatertoevaporateoff猪湿润后立即停止喷淋，让水分蒸发Ifcontinuallywetting,relativehumidityinbarnwillrise&evaporationwilldecrease如果持续湿润，舍内相对湿度会升高而蒸发作用就会减弱第126页/共144页Sprinklers喷淋器Wantcombinationofinterval+nozzlesizetoequal3.8litersofwater/hr/10pigs(0.4l/pig/hr)一定的间隔距离加上一定的喷嘴大小，达到每10头猪每小时喷水3.8公升Largefacilities–totalflowatonetimeisanissue大型猪