动词和动词短语的用法总结及练习专题9

专题九动词的分类和动词短语中考要求：1.熟练掌握动词一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的形式。2•熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时的构成和基本用法。3•初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。了解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法。了解及物动词和不及物动词的用法。知识点一、动词分类1、 表动作状态的词叫做动词，能单独作谓语,根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类:实义动词(NotionalVerb、系动词(LinkVerb).助动词(AuxiliaryVerb).情态动词(ModalVerb),有些动词是兼类词Wearehavingameeting.HehasgonetoNewYork.2、根据是否带有宾语，可分为两类：及物动词(TransitiveVerb〉不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb),同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词Shecandanceandsing.ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs.3、 根据是否受主语人称和数的限制，分两类：限定动词(FiniteVerb、非限定动词(Non-finiteVerb)英语中共有三种非限定动词：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)Shesingsverywell.ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.4、 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类:单字词(One-WordVerb)短语动词(PhrasalVerb〉动词短语(VerbalPhrase)TheEnglishlanguagecontainsmanyphrasalverbsandverbalphrases.Studentsshouldlearntolookupnewwordsindictionaries.5、 动词有五种形态：原形(OriginalForm)、第三人称单数形式(SingularFrominThirdPersonal)、过去式(PastForm)、过去分词(PastParticiple)>现在分词(PresentParticiple)知识点二、助动词1、 协助主动词构成谓语动词组的词叫助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)被协助动词称主动词(MainVerb),助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用：表示时态Hehasgotmarried.表示语态HewassenttoEngland.构成疑问句DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?与否定副词not合用，构成否定句Idon'tlikehim.加强语气Docometothepartytomorrowevening.2、 助动词be的用法1、 bev-ing,构成进行时态Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2、 bev-ed，构成被动语态Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.3、 betodo,可表示下列内容1） 表示最近、未来的计划或安排HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..2） 表示命Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.3） 征求意见HowamItoanswerhim?4） 表示相约、商定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.3、助动词have的用法1、 havev-ed，构成完成时态Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.2、 havebeenv-ed，构成完成进行时IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.3、 have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.4、 助动词do的用法1、 构成一般疑问句DoyouwanttopasstheCET?2、 do+not构成否定句Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3、 构成否定祈使句Don'tbesoabsent-minded.4、 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气Docometomybirthdayparty.5、 用于倒装句OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.知识点三、连系动词连系动词（LinkVerb）,本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。注：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语1） Hefellillyesterday.2） Hefellofftheladder.1、 表状态系动词（用来表示主语状态，只有be—词）Heisateacher.2、 表持续性系动词（用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,continue）1） Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.2） Thismatterrestsamystery.3、 表感官系动词（感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look）1）Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.2)Thisflowersmellsverysweet.4、 表变化系动词(这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run)Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.5、 表像系动词(用来表示看起来像有seem,appear,look)Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.6、 终止系动词(表示主语已终止动作有prove,trunout)Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.7、 系动词的使用应注意事项有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择Thesoftdrinkingtastesquitesour.Thechefistastingthefishcarefully.这类词不用进行时系动词无被动式知识点四、情态动词的用法1、 musthaveto表示义务。意为必须，must表示主观意志;haveto表示客观需要Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.Mybrotherwasill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.must无人称和数的变化；haveto有人称和数的变化haveto,hasto,hadto,havehadtomustn't表示禁止；don'thaveto表不必Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.must表推测，意为想必、准是、一定等，只用于肯定句She'swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.must提问的回答方式---Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?---Yes,youmust/No,youneedrft/No,youdon'thaveto.2、 cancouldbeableto表示能力，can只用于现在时和过去时(could);beableto用于各种时态Twoeyescanseemorethanone.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.理论上或是逻辑判断上表示可能Thetemperaturecanfallto60°C,thatis60°Cbelowfreezing.Hecan't(couldn't)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.Youmustn'tsmokewhileyou'rewalkingaroundinthewood.Youcouldstartafire.表示允许，比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法Can(could)Ihavealookatyournewpen?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.3、 maymightmight表允许，可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedoiit./You7dbetternot./No,youmustn't.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气表事实上可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定Shemaynotknowaboutit.Theymightbehavingameeting,butI'mnotsure.4、 willwould表意愿Ifyouwillreadthebook,I'lllendittoyou.Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.will表请求，用于疑问句;would表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法Willyouclosethewindow?It'sabitcold.Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作;would表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向Fishwilldieoutofwater.Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.5、 should和oughttoshould表义务，某件事宜于做，用于各种人称；oughtto表义务，因责任、义务等该做，口气比should稍重Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.should表推测，意为想必一定、照说、估计；oughtto表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.There'safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.6、 情态动词表示推测意义must,can,could,may,might皆可以表示推测，语气由强到弱must,can,could,may,might不同时态的用法

must,can,could,may,might接动词原形，表示对现在或将来的情况推测，此时动词常为系动词must,can,could,may,might接现在进行时，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况推测must,can,could,may,might接动词完成时，表示对过去情况的推测must,can,could,may,might接现在完成进行时，表对过去正在发生的事情的推测3）can't意为不可能；而maynot意为可能不Dannycan'tbeathome.Isawhiminthelibraryjustnow.It'sseveno'clocknow.Michaelmaynotcomehere.五、动词短语归纳1、动词+介词agreewith同意…的意见；符合learn...from…向…学习preferto…宁愿（选择）;更喜欢baseon以...（为）根据liveon继续存在；靠…生活quarrelwith（和某人）吵架listento听…lookafter照顾，照看regard...as...把…当作…；当作getto到达…lookat看；观看stop...fromdoing阻止...做...falloff（从…）掉下lookfor寻找talkabout说话；谈话；谈论help...with…帮助（某人）做（某事）looklike看起来像talkwith与…交谈knockat/on敲（门、窗）payfor（sth.）付钱；支付thinkabout考虑laughat嘲笑pointat扌旨示；扌旨向thinkof认为；想起2、动词+副词askfor请求；询问getup起床setoff出发；动身；启程carryon坚持卜去；继续卜去giveup放弃sendup发射；扌把...往上送cutdown砍倒goon继续shutdown把…关上cleanup清除；收拾干净goout出去sitdown坐下comedown下来；落goover过一遍；仔细检查slowdown减缓；减速comealong来；随同growup长大；成长takeoff脱掉（衣服）comein进来handin交上来takeout取出comeon来吧；跟着来；赶快holdon寺寺；（电话时）不挂断throwabout乱丢；抛撒comeout出来；（花）开；发（芽）hurryup赶快tripover（被...）绊倒comeover过来；顺便来访lookout留神；注意tryon试穿（衣服、鞋等）；试戴dropoff放下（某物）；下车lookover（仔细）检查tryout试验；尝试eatup吃光；吃完lookup向上看；抬头看turndown关小；调低fallbehind落在…后面；输给别人passon传递；转移到...turnon打开（电灯、收音机、等）falldown跌倒；从…落1、pickup拾起；捡起turnoff关（电灯、收音机、煤气等）findout查出（真相）putaway放好；扌把…收起来turnover（使）翻过来getback回来；取回puton穿上；戴上；（戏剧等）上演wakeup醒来getdown卜来；落卜；把…取卜来putdown把（某物）放下来wearout把…穿旧；磨坏getoff下来；从…下来putup掛起；举起workout算出；制订出geton上（车）runaway流失；逃跑；逃走writedown写卜…3、be+3、be+形容词+介词bea尬ngrywith对（某人）发脾气 befilledwith用…充满beborn出生bebusydoing忙着做... cometrue实现fallasleep睡觉；入睡gohome回家beinterestedin对…感兴趣beableto能；会beafraidof害怕beamazedat对…感到惊讶beexcitedabout对…感到兴奋4、 动词+名词/代词begone\'spardon请原谅；对不起domorningexercises做早扌桑doone\'shomework做作业enjoyoneself过得快乐；玩得愉快giveaconcert开音乐会goboating去划船gofishing去钓鱼gohiking去徒步旅行goskating去滑冰goshopping（去）买东西haveacold（患）感冒5、 动词+名词/代词/副词+介词catchupwith赶上comeupwith找到；提出getonwellwith与…相处融洽givebirthto生（孩子）6、 其他类型beawake醒着的doone'sbest尽最大努力befullof充满…的begoodat/dowellin在…做得好belatefor迟到bemadein在…生产或制造bemadeof由…组成；由…构成haveacough（患）咳嗽haveaheadache（患）头痛haveatry尝试；努力havealook看一看havearest休息haveaseat/takeaseat就坐；坐下havesports进行体育活动havesupper吃晚餐hearof听说holdasportsmeeting举行运动会makeadecision作出决定helponeselfto自取；随便吃makeroomfor给…腾出地方playajokeon戏弄人；恶作剧speakhighlyof称赞bepleasedwith对…感到满意beproudof以…自豪（高兴）beusedfor/to/as用于makeamistake犯错误makeanoise吵闹makefaces做鬼脸makefriends交朋友makemoney赚钱takeone'splace代替某人的职务teachoneself/learnbyoneself自学takephotos照相taketime花费（时间）taketurns轮流watchTV看电视saygoodbyeto告别；告辞takeanactivepartin积极参力口takecareof照顾；照料；注意goondoing（sth.）继续做某事；尽力gostraightalong沿着…一直往前走keepdoingsth.—直做某事makeupone\'smind下决心getmarried结婚 gettogether相聚hadbetter（do）最好（做 ）makesure确保；确认；查明2014年九年级英语动词、时态、语态复习专项训练班级 姓名 得分 一、单项选择：I、 WhenI herinthehall,shewasplayingthepiano.A.see B.sawC.willseeD.amseeing2、I'llgowithyouassoonasI mywork.A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishD.wouldfinish3、 HewilldobetterinEnglish讦he harder.A.illworkB.worksC.workingD.work4、 Sincehecameherelastyear,we happy.A.are B.havebeen C.hadbeenD.were5、 Peter theworkinaweek.A.havefinishedB.finishesC.isfinishingD.willfinish6、 openthewindow.A.WillyoupleaseB.Pleasewillyou C.YoupleaseD.Please7、 Thesebooks inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.havebeenkeptD.werekept8、 Manysheep eatinggrass.A.isB.areC.wasD.were9、 Icomeheretonight?No,youneedn't.A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Shall10、 TheGreenfamily Londonfornearlytwoyears.Theyallmisstheirhometownverymuch.A.leftB.willleaveC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfromII、 Hergrandparents fortenyears.A.diedB.havediedC.weredeadD.havebeendead12、 You'dbetter toseethedoctor.A.togoB.goC.went D.going13、 Myfatherenjoys tolightmusic.A.listensB.tolistenC.listening D.listened14、 When you themuseum?A.wouldvisitB.didvisitC.havevisit D.hadvisited15、 Hetoldthem onwiththework.A.togo B.goingC.go D.went16、 yougetupeverymorning?A.WhenB.WhendoC.DowhenD.Whenis17.1fit tomorrow,we'llgototheGrateWall.A.isn'train B.won'trainC.doesn'trainD.willrainNextweektheman Japan.A.leaveB.willleavingCc.areleavingD.leavesHe himselfatthepartylastnight.A.enjoysBb.enjoyedCc.enjoyDd.enjoyingWe haveagoodtimeyesterday.A.wasn't Bb.didn't C.doesn't Dd.don'thegotherelastweek.A.DoesB.DidC.WillD.IsLook,Alice outside.A.playsB.playC.isplayingD.playingThey now.A.don'twriting B.aren'twriting C.aren'twrite D.arewrote theyplayingtennisnow?A.DoB.IsC.DoesD.AreWhat attenlastnight?A.wereyoudoing B.areyoudoingC.didyoudo D.doyoudo26.lt whenIgotoffthebus.A.wassnowingB.snowsC.snowedD.snowyoupleaseopenthewindows?A.ShallB.WillC.IsD.Dowonderifhe comethenextday.A.willB.wouldC.isgoingD.wasgoing inBeijingsince1956.A.willliveB.liveC.lived D.havelivedHowlong you English?A.is,studyingB.have,studied C.do,study D.will,study---HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?---Yes,wehave---When you there? ---Lastmonth.A.have,goneB.did,goC.will,goD.is,goingHe fromBeijingforthreeyears.A.hasbeenawayB.hasgoneC.hasleftD.hascomeHowmanytimes he theGreatWall?A.has,gonetoB.has,beenC.has,beeninD.has,beentoBysixo'clock,I myhomeworkyesterday.A.havefinishedB.hadfinishedC.finishedD.finish二、用动词的适当形式填空：1、 I'llgivethebooktohimassoonashe back(come).2、 thebaby cryingyet?(stop)3、 Idon'tknowwhetherMothermetoBeijingnextmonth.(take)4、 She onhercoatandwentout.(put)5、 “Whataretheydoing?”“They readyforthesportsmeeting.”(get)6、 Theboyaskedhismother himgoandplaybasketball.(let)7、 I'msorrytokeepyou foralongtime.(wait)8、 It (take)himhalfanhour (finish)hishomeworkyesterday.9、 Ifit aninterestingfilm,we'llseeittomorrow.(be)10、 Theyusually (do)theirhomeworkaftersupper.11、 Listen!Who (sing)inthenextroomnow?12、 (be)yourparentsinShanghailastyear?13、 Mr.Yu(teach)usmathssince1982.14、 TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWall讦i (notrain)tomorrow.15、 LiMingoften (listen)totheradiointhemorning.16、 Tan：“Father,mayIgooutandplayfootball?”Father：“ you (do)yourhomework?”17、 Allthepeopleareglad (hear)aconcertthisSaturdayevening.18、 Teachertoldusfi (notsnow)wewouldvisittheMuseumthenextday.19、 Theyoften (play)footballintheafternoon.20、 ---What'reyoudoingDad? 1 (mend)theradio.21、 Let's (carry)theboxestothehouse.22、 Yesterdayshe_(want)toseethefilm,butshecouldn't (get)aticket.23、 I (write)toyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.24、 Mike (visit)severalplacessincehecametoBeijing.25、 He (write)fourletterstohiswifeeverymonth.26、 Don'tmakeanynoise,Grandma (sleep).27、 Hisaunt (do)somecookingwhenhecamein.28、 Whenthey (reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.29、 There (be)ameetingnextMonday.30、 We (know)eachothersinceourboyhood.(少年时代)31、 Sometimesmyfather (come)backhomelate.32、 They (have)anEnglisheveningnextweek.33、 I'mveryglad (hear)that.34、 WeiFangisn'there.She (go)tothereading-room.35、 Thestory (happen)longago.36、 They (visit)theHistoryMuseumlastweek.37、 ZhangHong (make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.38、She (go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.39、Stayhere,bag.Don'tgoout.It (rain)now.40、 LiPing (write)acompositioneveryweek.41、 Thescientist (give)usatalkyesterday.42、 Myparents (live)inBeijingsince1949.43、 Look!Theyoungworker (show)thestudentsaroundthefactory.44、 They (build)anewbridgeovertherivernextyear.45、 Thestudents (clean)theirclassroomtomorrow.46、 Myfatherisverybusy.Heoften (come)homelate.47、 Ourteacher (join)thepartytwentyyearsago.48、 Theboys (have)abasketballmatchnow.Let's (go).49、 She (work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.50、 “Whatmakesyou (think)I'mafarmer?”theFrenchmanasked.51、 It'snoteasy (catch)fishwithyourhandsonly.52、 Haveyoufinished (read)thisbook?53、 It (snow)hardnow.You'dbetter (stay)athome.54、 Ittakeshimhalfanhour (go)toworkbybus.55、 Hurryuporwe (be)lateforclass.56、 LiPingusually (watch)TVaftersupper.57、 Idon'tknowhow (answer)thisquestion.58、 “ you (hear)fromyourunclerecently?”59、 “Yes,Ijust (get)aletterfromhim.”60、 Whynot (go)thereonfoot?61、 Idon'tthinkthatit (rain)tomorrow.62、 Willyouplease (come)hereontimenexttime.63、 Yesterdaymymothertoldme (n