高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解

Wanttoimproveyourwritingskills?NewWritingSouthisdirectingtheway!TownerWriterSquad(班级)forkidsaged13-17

LedbycomedyandTVwriter,MarianKilpatrick,TownerWriterSquadwillmeetonceamonthatthecontemporaryartmuseumfor11months,starting12October,2016.

TheFREEsquadsessionswillincludeintroductionstoawiderangeofwritingstyles,frompoetrytoplaywritingandlyric(抒情诗)toflashfiction,tosupportthedevelopmentofyoungwriters.

Application&Selection

IfyouwouldliketoapplytobepartoftheTownerWriterSquad,pleasesendasamplepieceofyourwriting(about500words),respondingtothetitle"LUNCH",withyourname,age,addressandemailaddressto:debo@.

Onceallapplicationsarein,youwillbeinvitedtoanopenselectioneventon17September,4-5pm,atthegalleryofTowner.ThiswillbeaninformalopportunitytomeettheSquadLeader,SquadAssociateandotheryoungpeople.

Youwillalsohaveachancetogettoknowthefantasticgalleryspaceandgetatasteofwhat'stocome.

Deadlineforapplications:8September,2016

Forfurtherinformationgoto:/toneror.ukor

Anyquestions–feelfreetosendyouremailtoTownerWriterSquadAssociate:wharne@.uk

BeginnerWritingProjectforkidsaged10-13

Duetopopulardemand,awritingprojectwillbestartedforeagerbeginners.

Starttime:6September,2016

MeeteveryotherSaturday,2-4pm,attheTownerStudyCentre.

Studyandwriteatyourownpace–youdonothavetorush–asyouhaveayeartogothroughtheproject.Practiceundertheguidanceofsomeexperiencedwritersandteacherswhocanhelpyouwithbasicwritingskills.Mostimportantly,buildconfidenceandhavefunwhilewriting!

Nopreviousexperienceorspecialbackgroundisrequired.Manyothershavebeensuccessfulthisway.Iftheycandoit,whycan'tyou?

Fee:£179

Formoreinformationgoto:.ukor.uk（1）TownerWriterSquadwillbestarted________.A.totraincomedyandTVwritersB.toexplorethefantasticgalleryspaceC.tointroduceacontemporaryartmuseumD.topromotethedevelopmentofyoungwriters（2）TojointheWriterSquad,eachapplicantshouldfirst_________.A.provideapieceoftheirwritingB.meettheWriterSquadLeaderC.offertheirfamilyinformationD.completeanapplicationform（3）Whatismostimportantforthebeginners?A.Practisingasmuchaspossible.B.Gainingconfidenceandhavingfun.C.Studyingandwritingattheirownpace.D.Learningskillsfromwritersandteachers.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了不同年龄阶段孩子为提高写作水平设置的写作培训班，说明了招收学员的年龄、申请的条件、开课时间、报名截止日期及费用等信息。（1）考查细节理解。根据TheFREE部分中的“squadsessionswillincludeintroductionstoawiderangeofwritingstyles,frompoetrytoplaywritingandlyric(抒情诗)toflashfiction,tosupportthedevelopmentofyoungwriters.”班会将包括介绍广泛的写作风格，从诗歌到戏剧写作，从抒情诗到微型小说，以支持年轻作家的发展。可知，TownerWriterSquad促进年轻作家的发展。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据Application&Selection部分中的“IfyouwouldliketoapplytobepartoftheTownerWriterSquad,pleasesendasamplepieceofyourwriting”如果你想申请成为TownerWriterSquad的一员，请寄一份你的写作样稿。可知，要加入WriterSquad，每个申请人必须先提供一篇他们的作品。故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据Starttime:6September,2016部分中的“Mostimportantly,buildconfidenceandhavefunwhilewriting!”最重要的是，在写作的过程中建立自信和获得乐趣!可知，对初学者来说获得信心和乐趣是最重要的。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Sportsarethebaseofmylife,nexttomymotherwhoraisedmewhenmydadleftus.IhavebeenintosportssinceIwassixyearsold.Ihaveknownmanycoachesandheardhundredsoftheirtips,buttheyusuallyfocusedondrillstodevelopmyskillsandreachthenextlevelofplay.

WhenIwasinSeniorTwo,Imetthenewschoolbasketballcoach,BrianPawloski.IthoughtIwascertaintobeselectedfortheschoolteamsinceIhadbeeninittheyearbefore.Ishoweduptothetryoutsandputoutabout90%effortsinceIthoughtI'dmakeitwithnoproblem.Thatwasabigmistake.

BrianPawloskiisthehardest-workingcoachIhaveevermet.Hedidn'texpect100%effort,heexpected200%effort.Oneexample:heoncemadeusdo40suicidedrillsforthe40lay-ups(投篮)wemissedinagame.Somethinkthisiscrazy,butitisn't.Afterthisconditioningpractice,asweweregettingacupofcoldwatertodrink,Isaid,"coach,thatwasthebestpracticeIeverhad."Iwascompletelysincere.Thismanwasandisthepersonwhoinfluencedmemostatmyhighschool.Heexpectsustobeexcellentnotjustonthecourtbutintheclassroom.IfIamnotworkingonbasketball,Iamreadingabookthathethinkswillhelpusbetterunderstandlife'schallenges,includingWooden,Coach,andTheScrewtapeLetters.

InthefirsttwoyearsIslackedoff,notputtingforthmyfullpotential.Now,unlikethecoachesofmyyouth,thismanwasinterestedinhowhedidoffthecourt.HealwaysmadesureIkeptupwithmystudiesandwasabletobetrusted.Icanhonestlysaythatonothercoachhasgivenmesomuchadviceonhowtosucceedinbasketball,butmoreimportantly,inlife.Myschoolisluckytohavesuchagreatpersontoteach,coachandinfluencetheirstudents.Iwillalwaysremembermyhigh-schoolbasketballdaysasoneofthehardesttimesIhaveeverworkedinmylifenotonlyinbasketballbutinmygrowthasanindividual.（1）Differentfromothercoaches,CoachBrian________.A.

concentratedonskilltraining

B.

trainedtheteamtotheedgeofdeathC.

expectedtheteamtodowellintheirstudies

D.

askedtheteamtodomorereadingthantraining（2）Theunderlinedphrase"slackedoff"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.

paidnoattention

B.

showednointerest

C.

hadlesspassion

D.

madelesseffort（3）Intheauthor'seye,CoachBrianis________.A.

strictandhelpful

B.

hardworkingandhonestC.

skilledandcruel

D.

professionalandserious【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者喜欢篮球，新学校的篮球教练布莱恩对自己的学生严格要求，全文叙述了对布莱恩教练的描述以及他和作者之间发生的事情。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Heexpectsustobeexcellentnotjustonthecourtbutintheclassroom”，他希望我们不仅在运动场上而且在教室里要优秀。可知选C。（2）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“notputtingforthmyfullpotential”没有尽我的全部力量，可知D选项的意思与此句相符，故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据全文对布莱恩教练的描述以及他和作者之间发生的事情，可知他对自己的学生很严格要求，但与此同时，根据第四段中的“Icanhonestlysaythatnoothercoachhasgivenmesomuchadviceonhowtosucceedinbasketball,butmoreimportantly,inlife，”可充分体现布莱恩教练helpful这一品质，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

TheFrenchDanonecompanyisthelatesttoreplacesomeplasticwaterbottleswithaluminum(铝)cans.CompetitorslikeCoca-Cola,PepsiCoandNestlehavealsostartedsellingwaterinaluminumcans.

Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?Maybenot.

Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.Theproductionofanaluminumcanisestimatedtoreleasetwotimesasmuchcarbondioxideintotheairasaplasticbottle.

"That'sthedilemmayou'regoingtohavetochoosebetween,"saidRubenGriffioen,anofficialatbeermakerHeineken.HesaidhiscompanywasLryingtoreducetheuseofplasticbottles.

BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.Hesaid,"There'samix.Therearesomethingsthatarenotthatdesirable,butifyouhavefivegoodthingsandonethatisn't,we'llallhavetomakedecisions."Headded,"It'llneverbethatclean.”

Bottledwaterisa19billionindustry.Althoughitsuseofcansisincreasing,expertssaycansareunlikelytocompletelyreplaceplasticbottles.

Aluminumiscostlierthanplasticsocanneddrinksmeanhigherpricesforbuyers.Anothermajorconsiderationisuserconvenience-cansstayopenwhilebottlescanbereclosed.Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.Beerandwinemakersarenowalsoincreasinglyusingaluminum.（1）What'stheadvantageofaluminumcans?A.Theyarepollution-free.B.Theyarelighter.C.Theyarecost-effective.D.Theyarelow-carbon.（2）WhatisKaras'sattitudetoreplacingplasticbottleswithaluminumcans?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.NeutralD.Indifferent.（3）Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thewideapplicationofaluminumcans.B.ThepromisingfuturealuminumcansC.Themajoradvantagesofaluminumcans.D.Theunavoidablelimitationsofaluminumcans.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AluminumCansorPlasticBottles?B.ABlessingoraMisfortune?C.HowtoDealwithPlasticBottles?D.WhyDoWeChooseAluminumCans?【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势，如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，同时说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。（1）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.”铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，可知铝罐的优点是它们更轻。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.”来自北美可口可乐公司的BruceKaras对此表示赞同，可知Karas对用铝罐代替塑料瓶持支持态度。故选A。（3）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.”更重要的

是，停止使用塑料水瓶有一个障碍：可能没有足够的罐子，结合本段主要说明了铝罐的造价高和数量不够等一些不可避免的局限性，故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?”用可回收的铝罐代替污染海洋的塑料水瓶应该是一种帮助环境的简单方法，对吗？文章主要说明了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势，如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，文章还说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Severalyearsago,Ibeganaskingmyfriendsandfamilytotellmesomethingabouttheirpasswords.Yes,Iunderstandwhypasswordsareuniversallyhated:thepressuretheyputonourmemoryandtheendlessdemandtoupdatethem.Ihatethemtoo.Butthereismoretopasswordsthantheirannoyance.Inthefactthatweconstructthemsothatwecanrememberthem,theytakeonsecretlives.

TherewasaformerprisonerwhosepasswordincludeswhatusedtobehisprisonIDnumbertoconstantlytellhimnottogoback.Andtherewasachildless45-year-oldwomanwhosepasswordisthenameofthebabyshelostinher25(herwayoftryingtokeephimalive,Iguess).

Sometimesthepasswordswereplayful.Severalpeoplesaidtheyused"incorrect"fortheirssothatwhentheyforgotit,thesoftwareautomaticallypromotedthemwiththerightone("yourpasswordisincorrect").

Somepasswordswerestrikingfortheiruniqueness.AfterreadingSherylSandberg'sbookLeanin:Women,WorkandtheWilltoLead,CortniKerr,arunningpartnerofmine,foundherrolemodelandbeganusing"Wwssdol9",whichstoodfor"WhatwouldSherylSandbergdo"plus"19"fortheyear(2019)ofthepassword'screation."TnsitTpsif"wasthepasswordofanotherfriend,acomputerscientistwholoveswordplay.Itstoodfor"Thenextsentenceistrue.Theprevioussentenceisfalse".Formyfriend,itwasaplayfulreferencetotheknotsthatlanguagecantie.

The4622thatmywifeusedinherpasswordswasnotjusttheaddressofherfather'schildhoodhomebutalsoareminderofhisstrength.Apparently,whentheformer120kgfootballstandoutwasasmallboy,hehadtosinghishomeaddress(4622South28thWestAvenue)inonefullbreathratherthantrytosayitnormally.Otherwise,hisstutter(口吃)wouldembarrasshim.（1）WhydidtheprisonerusehisprisonIDnumberinhispassword?A.Torebuildhisreputation.B.Toremindhimtoactlegally.C.Tofightagainsthispoormemory.D.Tohidetheunpleasantexperience.（2）WhatdidCortniKerrthinkofSherylSandberg'sbook?A.Doubtful.B.Interesting.C.Creative.D.Inspiring.（3）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thereasonswhypeoplehatepasswords.B.Theunusualpasswords.C.Thesecretlivesofpasswords.D.Thebestwaystomakeyourpasswordsunique.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“TherewasaformerprisonerwhosepasswordincludeswhatusedtobehisprisonIDnumbertoconstantlytellhimnottogoback.”可知这名坐过牢的囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。因此选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“CortniKerr,arunningpartnerofmine,foundherrolemodelandbeganusing‘Wwssdol9’,whichstoodfor‘WhatwouldSherylSandbergdo’plus'19’fortheyear(2019)ofthepassword'screation.”可知CortniKerr读完SherylSandberg'sbook的书后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出CortniKerr认为SherylSandberg的书很激励人心。故选D。（3）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项C.Thesecretlivesofpasswords.“密码里的人生秘密”为短文的最佳标题。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday——ahugenumber.Butaddupallofthecomplexspeciesthateverlivedandsomebiologiststhinkthegrandtotalwouldbeaboutfivebillion.Theestimateleadstoanastonishingconclusion:astaggering99%ofspeciesarenotaroundanymore.Theyhavebeendriventoextinction.

Morespeciesarejoiningtheranksoftheextincteveryyear.Manyscientistsbelievewearelivingthroughanepisodeofremarkablyrapidextinction,onascalethathasbeenseenonlyfivetimesinthelasthalfabillionyears.

Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.

Over-hunting,overfishing,andhuman-drivenhabitatlossarepushingmanyspeciestothebrink.Infact,wehavechangedtheplanetsomuchthatsomegeologistsarenowsuggestingthatwehaveenteredanewphaseinEarth'shistory;anepochtheycallthe＂Anthropocene＂.By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.

Becausewearelivingthroughthisextinction,itisrelativelyeasyforustostudythedrivingforcesbehindit.Buthowdowedeterminewhatcausedothermassdie-offsthathappenedlongago?Todosowehavetolookatwhatarchaeologists,palaeontologists,geologistsandotherscientistshaveconcludedfromtheevidencetheyhavegathered.

Thetroubleis,thosescientistsdonotalwaysagreewithoneanother——evenaboutthemostrecentextinctionevent.Aswellasthefive-orsix-massextinctions,therehavealsobeenmanysmallerextinctions.

OneoftheseminiextinctioneventshappenedtowardstheendofthePleistocene,afewtensofthousandsofyearsago.Itissometimescalledthe＂megafaunal＂extinctionbecausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).However,itscauseremainsadebateamongstscientists.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutthesixthmassextinction？A.

Humansarethemaincauseofit.

B.

Itmeansaglobaldeclineoveralongtime.C.

ItoccurredtowardstheendofthePleistocene.

D.

Scientistsstilldisagreeaboutthecauseofit.（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutspecies？A.

99%ofspecieswillnotbearoundanymoreby2100.

B.

Bythe22ndcentury,therewillprobablybeaboutfivemilliononthisplanet.C.

Abouteightyearslaterwewillenterwhatiscalledthe＂Anthropocene＂.

D.

Itisnoteasyforustofigureoutcausesbehindthe＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A.

Landanimals.

B.

Marinelife.

C.

Hugeanimals.

D.

Flesh-eatingcreatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在arelativelyshortperiodoftime，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生在theendofthePleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；根据第三段中的＂Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday”，以及第四段中的＂By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即fivemillion，因此选B。(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的＂becausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂应为大型动物，因此选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationisstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.

Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs(肢)thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.

Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物学家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.

Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition(过渡)fromseatoland.

Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.

HannahByrneisanoceanographer(海洋学家)atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer'stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits(沉积物)oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.

AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.

Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK'sUniversityofBangor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip(翻转)themselvesbackinthewater.”

Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.CambridgeUniversity'spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It'sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallofwhichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer,”shesaid.（1）Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?A.

AlfredRomer.

B.

CharlesDarwin.

C.

HannahByrne.

D.

StevenBalbus.（2）Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoStevenBalbus?A.

Therewerelargeroceans.

B.

Earthwasclosertothemoon.C.

Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.

D.

Earthwasundergreaterpressure.（3）Theunderlinedword“stranded”inParagraph8probablymeans“________”.A.

found

B.

settled

C.

abandoned

D.

trapped（4）Whatisthefocusofthearticle?A.

Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.

B.

Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.C.

Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.

D.

Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，一些新的证据验证了先前人们的猜测理论：即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。(1)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物学家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.”和第四段中的“Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.”可知，是AlfredRomer最先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐而发展出四肢的理论。故选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“…tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.”过去的潮汐比现在强。这是因为地球这颗行星以前比现在离月球近了10%。可知，选B。(3)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.”可知，Homer认为海洋生物因为潮汐被迫进入水池；第八段中的“Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof‘’survivalofthefittest,explainedMattiasGreen,“结合两处可知，鱼儿是被迫进入池中，故选D。(4)考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然的认识。但仍有不少没有根据的猜测。其中的一个猜测就是为什么在4亿年前，海洋中的动物有了四肢，从而让他们迁徙到陆地上生活。一个世纪以前，美国古生物学家AlfredRomer提出的一个想法，即潮汐可能导致鱼类发展出四肢，这再次成为一个热门话题。针对此许多科学家进行的实验提供了许多新的证据来证实它。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

HereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists:

ScientistA:IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayoffdevelopingtheAI,thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld'sproblems.However,noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus,ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives,butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.

ScientistB:Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow,scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture,theirintelligencemaywelltakeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongtermmachinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.

ScientistC:I'mamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskullsandthinkofwhat'shappeningrightnow:militarymachineslikedrones,gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwithverylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous“murderbots”followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbeextremelydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.（1）WhatisScientistBworriedabout?A.

AItechnologywilldestroytheearth.

B.

Computerscan'tthinkbythemselves.C.

Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans.

D.

Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.

IlaunchedthecampaigntoStopKillerRobots.

B.

WeforgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.C.

“Murderbots”can'tdecidebythemselves.

D.

“Murderbots”willbeagainsthumans'orders.（3）WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtotherecord?A.

ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.

B.

TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.C.

“Murderbots”willfollowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.

D.

AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.（4）Whoagree(s)AIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?A.

ScientistA

B.

ScientistB

C.

ScientistsB&C

D.

ScientistsB&A【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。(2)考查代词指代。由画线句上文内容可知，自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令，这将决定谁杀死谁，因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德的，非常危险的。故选D。(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的“Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选B。(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多；根据第三段中的“thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”和第四段中的“Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbeextremelydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Averagehumanscanconsume15ormoredrinksinplasticbottlesamonth.Ifyouwerebornafter1978,andliveuntil80yearsold,youwillleavebehindaminimumof14,400plasticbottlesonthisplanet.Thesebottlestakehundredsofyearstobreakdownintotinypiecesofplastic,nevertocompletelydisappear.Mostofthewasteisconsumedbyfishandbirds,whichhasshortenedtheirlifetimegreatly.

ThePlasticBottleVillageisjustagreatideathatmightfinallysaveusfrombeingburiedinplastic.It'sacommunityinPanamathatisgoingtobemadeofusedbottles.Thedesignprocessbeginswithbuildingsteelframes,whicharethenfilledwiththesebottles.Oncethisstepiscomplete,andelectricalandplumbing(管道装置)linesareputinside,theplasticwallsarecoveredbyconcrete—bothinsideandoutside.Sonoonewillactuallybeabletotellthatthewallsaremadeofplastic.Besides,thematerialwillkeepthehouse17°Ccoolerthantheoutside,whichisthebiggestbenefittopeoplelivinginside.

Thevillag