高考英语书面表达讲解与训练-开放性写作

高考英语书面表达讲解与训练——开放性写作一.教学内容：书面表达讲解与训练开放性写作（北京卷）开放性写作是北京卷近两年增加的第二篇作文，英文为open-endingcomposition。它所给提示比较简单，要求学生根据提供的情景，写一段接续文字。这篇作文要求学生充分发挥想象力和创造力，自己拓展主题，组织篇章结构，既能体现出学生活跃的思维，又能表现出他们的逻辑思维能力和灵活运用英语的能力。它要求学生必须在短时间内写出一篇内容充实新颖、思想健康、符合逻辑、交际得体的，字数不少于50个字的作文。写作注意要点：1.审题要准，定位要清。即：审语境、审人称、审时态。注意写作对象和语言风格，要有读者的意识，看文章是以第几人称出现；说话的对象是谁；看清题目要求。2.逻辑清晰，合情合理。要做到思想健康，积极向上。要力求内容新颖，必须符合逻辑。要把理由说充分，是在现实生活中可能会发生的事情。内容要新颖、健康、乐观向上，（所表述的内容、观点是主动、积极向上的），我们在写作时要注意的是求新并不等于求怪，并不是说越希奇古怪、越离谱越好。内容新颖并非是别人完全没提过的、全新的想法，而是别人在相同的情景之下讲得比较少的，又不违背逻辑的想法。新颖的思路能够充分表现学生的创造力。3.内容充实，详略得当。要有主次之分，详略得当。要进行细致描写，有细节的支撑。考查的目的---能否正确使用英语达到交际的目的。（语言要口语化）把事情说具体，缺少细致的描写，就像建房只搭架子不用砖一样，显得空洞无味。英语写作有一条座右铭，那就是“showmorethantell”，意思是细节表达一定要多于抽象陈述，也就是写作要细节化或举例说明。我们尽量用看得见、摸得着的东西来具体表达思想。才能使文章充实、有趣，符合开放作文的要求。4.内容完整、首尾呼应。要紧扣主题，符合要求，首尾呼应有头有尾；展现给读者一个完整的画面。【典型例题】［开放性写作分类与解析：］1.逻辑性思维(logicalthinking)给出结果猜测可能性（causeandeffect）根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字。注意：词数不少于30。Youandyourfriendareinyourroom.Hefindsoneofthewindowsisbrokenandsays,“Yourwindowisbroken.Whathappened?”Youtellhimwhathappened.Possibleversion:Iguessitwasallmyfault.Mymotherwasdoingsomereadingbythewindowyesterday,andsheaskedmetogetabookfromthebookshelfforher.Itwasahardcoverandalittlethick.Igotthebookanddecidedtothrowittoher.Butshemissedit,anditbrokethewindow.Causeandeffecttype：•Nowpleasetelluswhyyouhaverefusedit.•Youtellhimwhathappened.2.2022高考北京试卷聚集性思维（convergentthinking）给出语境陈述计划、打算(planning)根据下面提供的情景，写一段接续文字，词数不少于30。Youaretalkingwithoneofyourclosefriendsaboutyourplansforthesummervacation.Yousaytohim,“I’mgoingtoenjoymyselfinthevacation.”Heasks,“Whatexactlyareyougoingtodotohavefun?”Youtellhimwhatyouwanttodotomakeyourvacationgreatfun.Besuretouseoneormoreexamplestoshowwhatyoumean.Possibleversion:I’llgotoabeachtoseetheseabirdsflyinginthedark-blueskyanddriveamotorboat,sailingthroughclearwatertowardtherisingsun.ThenI’llsurfthe“”website,playgameson“FreeE”,orchatwithfriendsonlineabouthotmovieslike“TheLordoftheRings”and“HarryPotter”.Planningtype:•YourparentssuggestthatyoustayinBeijingforyouradvancededucation.Doyouagreewiththem?Explainyourreasons.•Whatwouldyoutakeandwhy?•Tellatleasttwoorthreechoices•Tellwhatyouwillchooseandwhy.3.2022春季高考北京试卷发散性思维（divergentthinking）给出问题寻找解决方法(problemsolving)根据下面提供的情景，写出你的想法。词数不少于50。Onasunnymorning,XiaoHongfromOrangeTownwasonherwaytoherfriend’shouseinGreenHill,asmalltownshehadneverbeentobefore.Atacrossroads,shefoundthesignpost(路标)showingthedirectionshadfallenover.Shegotlost.Howcouldshefindoutwhichwaytogo?Considertwoorthreedifferentwaysofworkingouttheproblems.附图画Possibleversion:Firstofall,XiaoHongcouldaskapasser-byfordirections.Sinceitwasasunnyday,shecouldalsousethepositionofthesuntotellthedirections.Andfinallyshecouldreplacethesignpostsothatitcorrectlynamedthedirectionshehadcomefrom.Thenitwouldbecorrectforalltheotherdirections.Problemsolvingtype:•Pointoutsomeproblems(atleasttwo)…andgivehelpfulsuggestionsastosolvetheproblem.•Howshouldthelandbeused?Giveyourdesign.•Yourgrandparetired…unhappyanddepressed…tryingtomakehimcheerful.•MaketwoorthreesuggestionsonhowtoimprovethetrafficinBeijing.［范文及学生习作分析讲解］1.Whenyourmothercomeshomefromwork,shefindsthelivingroominaterriblemess.Sheasksyouthereasons.Youtellherwhathappened.学生习作：1）WhenIgothome,Ifoundthattherewasamouseeatinganappleonthetable.Iputdownmybagslowlyandwantedtogiveitasuddenattack,butthemousesawmeandranaway.SoIbegantorunafterithereandthere.ButIcouldn'tcatchit.Soyouseethelivingroomwasinsuchaterriblemess.2）WhenIcameback,Ifoundthedooropen.IwasverypuzzledbecauseIknewatthattimemyparentsstillattheirsoffice.SuddenlyIsawathiefinourlivingroom,searchingforsomemoney.SoIdialed110forhelp.Aminutelater,twopolicemencame,andcaughtthethief.Luckily,hedidn’tfindanythinguseful.答案：ThisafternoonIwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyneighborAuntZhangcameinwithherlittlesonXiaoMing.Sheaskedmetolookafterhimforawhileasshewasout.Shortlyafterhismotherleft,XiaoMingbegantocry.Ibroughtoutallthetoysandplayedwithhim.Soonhestoppedcryingandbegantoplaywithme.Heranabouthappilyintheroomandscatteredthetoysonthefloorandmadeamess.Itwashewhomadetheroomlikethis.2.Youhavebeengivenachancetodesignaclassmeeting.Youcanchoosewhatevertopictomakethemeetingmeaningfulandinstructive.Whatmightbeyourtopic?Whywouldyouchoosethistopic?Givetwoormorereasonstoexplain.学生习作：1）Iwouldliketochoosethetopic“believeinyourself.”First,ifpeoplebelievethemselves,theywillhavetheconfidencetodobetterintheirworkorstudy.Secondly,whenpeoplemeetthedifficultyintheirlives,theyneed“believeinthemselves”tohelpthemsolvethosedifficulty.2）IprefertotalkabouttrafficinBeijingwithmyclassmates.Becausetherearetoomanycarsontheroadandmanypeopleespeciallymiddleschoolstudentsdidn’tfollowthetrafficrules.Wemustpayattentiontothis.Itisdoalotofharmtoourlife.Andin2022,BeijingwillbeheldOlympicGames.WhenaforeignersawaChinesepeopledidn’tfollowthetrafficrules,theywillhaveabadimpression.Inaddition,Iwanttoencouragemyclassmatestotakebusessoastoeasethetrafficflow.答案：IthinkImaydesignaclassmeetingentitled“HelpingtheDisabled.”Firstofall,beingdisabledischallenginginsociety.Disabledpeopleneedsociety’srespectandhelp.Sotheclassmeetingcanpassonsomeinformationaboutshowingrespecttothem.Secondly,ifpeoplealltrytohelpthedisabled,itcanreducetheburdenonsociety,whichmayinfluencethedevelopmentofthewholesocietyinmanyways.3.AboutfiftystudentsfromHongKongarecomingtoyourschoolnextweek.Youwillshowthemaroundit.Pleasetellushowyouwillintroduceyourschooltothem.答案：First,IwillinvitethosestudentsfromHongKongtopayavisittoourschoolyard.Duringthevisit,Iwilltellthemsomethingaboutourschoollife.ThenIwilltakethemtotheheadmaster’sofficeandintroducethehistoryofourschooltothem.Finally,Iamgoingtotellthemourplaninthefuture.4.OnthemorningofJune7,LiHuaistakingabusonhiswaytotaketheentranceexamination.Unfortunately,heiscaughtinatrafficjambecauseofanaccident.Howcanhemanagetothereintime?Pleasethinkouttwoorthreewaysforhim.答案：Firstofall,hecanpersuadethebusdrivertoallowhimtogetoffsothathecanwalkoutoftheheavytrafficjamtotakeanotherbusorataxi.Orhecangetoffandaskanassistantinanearbyshoptolendhimabike.Sinceitisanimportantdayforthehighschoolgraduates,dialing110andgettinghelpfromthepoliceisoneofthechoicesaswell.【模拟试题】1.Yesterdaywhenyougothomeallinwet,yourmotherwasverysurprisedandasked,“what’sthematterwithyou?”Pleasetelluswhathappened.2.Yesterdayyouwenttoschoolbybusasusual.Butyourushedoutofthebusatthesecondstop.Pleasetelluswhathappened.3.OnedaywhileLiMingwaswalkingalongthestreet,henoticedalotofpeoplelookingintothesky.SupposeyouareLiMing,pleasetelluswhathappened.4.Onedaywhenyoucametomyhouse,Ifoundyouwalkingwithalimp.Whathappenedtoyou?Pleasetellme.5.Yesterdayyouandyourfriendwenttobuysomelotterytickets.Yourfriendasked,“Ifyouwononemillionyuan,whatwouldyoudowithsomuchmoney?”Pleasetellhim.6.TrafficjamsareaveryseriousprobleminBeijing.Thestreetsarefullofcars,buses,andbikesalmosteveryday.Tomakemattersworse,somepeopledonotfollowthetrafficrules.SupposeyouarediscussingthisprobleminyourEnglishclass.PleasemaketwoorthreesuggestionsonhowtoimprovethetrafficinBeijing.7.SupposewearehavingafreetalkinanEnglishclass.ThetopicisthebestwayoftransportinBeijingwhenweareoutgettingaround.Totakeabus,thecityrail,ataxiortorideabike?Pleasetellusyourchoices)(atleasttwoorthree)andwhyyoupreferthem.8.Yourareinthesittingroomtalkingtoyourgoodfriendoverthephoneandcrying.Yourmotheralsofeelsverysad.Thisiswhatyoutellyourfriend.9.ThismorningyoureceivedaletterfromBeijingPleasetelluswhatyouthinkofitandwhatyouwanttodothen?10.YouaretalkingwithoneofyourclosefriendsaboutChineseFestivals.Yousaytohim,“IliketheMid-autumnDaybest.”Heasks,“Why?”Youtellhimwhyandbesuretogivehimyourreasons.11.Lastweekyourparentswerebothonabusinesstripandyouwerelefthomealoneforafewdays.Tellyourfriendsthatadifficult(orahappy)timeyouhadduringthosedays.【试题答案】1.YesterdaywhenIwaswalkingalongthebankonmywayhomeafterschool,suddenlyIheardsomeonecryingforhelp.Irushedtowardstheriversideandsawaboystrugglinginthewater.AtthattimeIjumpedintothewaterwithouthesitation.Withthehelpofsomeotherpeople,theboywassaved.AndIwenthomeimmediatelywithoutbeingseen.2.Iwasunluckyyesterday.Thebusbrokedownonthehalfway.Thebusdriverbegantorepairit.Tenminutespassed,andIbecameimpatientwithwaiting.SoIrushedoutofthebusandhadtowaitforanotherone.Whatwasworse,whenIgottotheschool,theclasshadalreadybegan.Iwaslateforschool.3.Istoppedandlookeduptoo.There!Ayoungmanwasstandingatthetopofahoist.Hethreatenedtojumpoffit.Howdangerousthesituationwas!Soonthepolicearrived.Afterthirtyminutespersuasion,theyoungmanfinallygaveuphismind.NotuntilthendidIcalmmyselfdown.4.Iwasunluckythismorning.Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebuswhenayoungmanrodehurriedlyandknockedmedown.Luckily,Iwasn’thurtbadlyexceptmyankle.IhadseenthedoctorbeforeIcamehere.Thedoctortoldmeitwasnothingserious.Don’tworry.I’llbeallrightsoon.5.Onemillionyuan!Thatsoundsgreattome!Youknow,I’mexpectingitforalongtime.Ofcourse,itwouldbewisetoputawaysomemoneyforthefuture.However,thefirstthingIwanttodoistomakemymother’sdreamcometrue.Mymumhasalwayshadawishfortakingajourneyaroundtheworld,butherincomecouldneveraffordit.IfIwonthemoney,Iwouldbeverypleasedtohelpher.6.ToimprovetrafficinBeijing,Ithink,first,weshouldwidenorbuildmoreroadstoprovidebettertrafficconditions.Second,thegovernmentshouldencouragemorepeopletousepublictransportandbicyclessoastoeasethetrafficflow.Third,everyoneinBeijing,especiallythosewhodriveorwalkonthestreet,shouldfollowthetrafficrules.7.Asfarascitytransportisconcerned,Ipreferbusesbecausetheyarecheapestwaytogetaround.Ontheotherhand,comparedwiththecityrail,therearemanymorebusroutesthroughoutthetown,whichmakeanytripeasy.Astheexpenseofusingtaxisismuchgreater,Iseldomtakethem.SometimesIrideabikebecausebythismeansIamfreetogowhereverIwouldliketo,theplaceswhichbusesorthecityraildonotreach.8.TodayIamfeelingverysadbecauseourpetdog,Huanhuan,ismissing.WheneverIgothome