从“中国化”到“本土化”-台湾社会科学“中国化”运动的学术史考察

从“中国化”到“本土化”———台湾社会科学“中国化”运动的学术史考察摘要

中国化运动自20世纪初开始在台湾兴起，旨在推动台湾学术领域从西方化到中国化转型。随着台湾本土化运动的兴起，中国化运动也开始逐渐转向本土化，注重发掘台湾本土的社会、文化和历史。本文旨在通过对台湾社会科学“中国化”运动的学术史考察来探讨中国化与本土化的关系。

关键词：中国化，本土化，台湾社会科学，学术史研究

Introduction

The"Sinicization"(Zhongguohua)movementinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesbeganintheearly20thcenturytopromotethetransformationfromWesternizationtoSinicizationinTaiwan'sacademicfield.WiththeriseofTaiwan'slocalizationmovement,the"Sinicization"movementgraduallyshiftedtowardslocalization,focusingonexploringTaiwan'slocalsociety,cultureandhistory.ThispaperaimstoexploretherelationshipbetweenSinicizationandlocalizationthroughastudyoftheacademichistoryofthe"Sinicization"movementinTaiwan'ssocialsciences.

TheBeginningofthe"Sinicization"Movement

The"Sinicization"movementinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesbeganintheearly20thcentury.Atthattime,TaiwanwasaJapanesecolony,andtheacademicfieldwasdominatedbyJapanesescholars.SomeChinesescholarswhocametoTaiwantoescapepoliticalturmoilinChinaproposedtheideaofSinicizingTaiwan'sacademicfield.TheybelievedthatChineseculturewastheessenceofTaiwaneseculture,andthattheSinicizationoftheacademicfieldwasnecessarytopromotethedevelopmentofTaiwan'ssocietyandculture.

The"Sinicization"movementreceivedaboostinthe1950swhentheNationalistgovernmentretreatedtoTaiwanafterlosingtheChineseCivilWar.Thegovernmentpromotedthe"ThreePrinciplesofthePeople"(sanminzhuyi)asthefoundationofTaiwan'ssocietyanddefinedChinesecultureasthecoreofTaiwaneseculture.ThegovernmentalsoestablishedtheAcademiaSinicain1954topromotethedevelopmentofSinicizedacademicresearch.

Duringthisperiod,scholarsinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesbegantoexploreChina'straditionalculture,especiallyConfucianismandTaoism,andtheirinfluenceonTaiwaneseculture.TheyalsostudiedancientChinesehistoryandliteratureandanalyzedthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandTaiwanesesocietyandculture.

TheShiftTowardsLocalization

Inthe1970sand1980s,Taiwan'slocalizationmovementgainedmomentum.Taiwanesescholarsbegantocriticizethe"Sinicization"movementforneglectingTaiwan'slocalcultureandhistory.TheybelievedthatTaiwan'shistoryandculturewereuniqueandcouldnotbereducedtoChineseculture.

ThelocalizationmovementinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesledtotheemergenceofnewresearchtopics,suchasTaiwaneseliterature,culture,language,andidentity.ScholarsbegantoexplorethedifferencesanddiversitywithinTaiwanesesocietyandcultureandtodevelopnewtheoreticalframeworkstoanalyzethem.

Conclusion

The"Sinicization"movementinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesplayedanimportantroleintheinitialstageofTaiwan'sacademicdevelopment.However,withtheriseofTaiwan'slocalizationmovement,the"Sinicization"movementbegantoshifttowardslocalization,andscholarsbegantoexploreTaiwan'slocalsociety,cultureandhistory.ThetransformationfromSinicizationtolocalizationwasareflectionofthedevelopmentofTaiwan'ssocietyandcultureandtherecognitionofTaiwan'suniqueidentity.Thestudyoftheacademichistoryofthe"Sinicization"movementinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesprovidesvaluableinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenSinicizationandlocalizationandtheevolutionofTaiwan'sacademicfield.Inthe1990s,thelocalizationmovementinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesreachedanewlevelwiththedemocratizationofTaiwan'spoliticalsystem.Scholarsbegantoexploretherelationshipbetweenpoliticsandculture,andtheimpactofdemocratizationonTaiwan'ssocietyandculture.TheyalsoanalyzedtheroleofTaiwan'scivilsocietyandsocialmovementsinshapingTaiwan'sidentityandculture.

Atthesametime,the"Sinicization"movementcontinuedtoexertitsinfluenceonTaiwan'sacademicfield,particularlyintheareasofphilosophy,religion,andhistory.ScholarscontinuedtoexploreChina'straditionalcultureandtoanalyzeitsimpactonTaiwanesecultureandsociety.

Inrecentyears,therelationshipbetweenSinicizationandlocalizationinTaiwan'sacademicfieldhasbecomemorecomplex.WhilesomescholarscontinuetoargueforaSinicizedapproach,othersemphasizetheimportanceoflocalcultureandidentity.ThechallengeforTaiwan'sacademicfieldistostrikeabalancebetweenthesetwoapproachesandtodeveloptheoreticalframeworksthatcancapturethecomplexityanddiversityofTaiwan'ssocietyandculture.

Inconclusion,thestudyoftheacademichistoryofthe"Sinicization"movementinTaiwan'ssocialsciencesprovidesimportantinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenSinicizationandlocalizationandtheevolutionofTaiwan'sacademicfield.ThetransformationfromSinicizationtolocalizationreflectsthedevelopmentofTaiwan'ssocietyandcultureandtherecognitionofTaiwan'suniqueidentity.ThechallengeforTaiwan'sacademicfieldtodayistobuildonthislegacyandtodevelopnewtheoreticalframeworksthatcancapturethecomplexityanddiversityofTaiwan'ssocietyandcultureinthe21stcentury.OneareaofTaiwan'ssocialsciencesthathasbeeninfluencedbytheSinicizationandlocalizationmovementsisanthropology.AnthropologistsinTaiwanhaveplayedanimportantroleinstudyingtheintricaterelationshipbetweenTaiwanesecultureandsociety,andtheimpactofexternalculturalinfluences,suchasChinesetraditionalcultureandWesternmodernization.

AnotherareathathasbeenimpactedisTaiwan'sliteraturestudies.WhileSinicizedapproachesoncedominatedTaiwan'sliterarystudies,thelocalizationmovementhasledtoarenewedemphasisonTaiwaneseliteratureanditsuniquecharacteristics.ScholarsinthisfieldhavealsoexploredtheinteractionbetweenTaiwaneseandChineseliterature,andhowtheyhaveinfluencedeachother.

ThefieldoffilmstudiesinTaiwanhasalsobeenimpactedbythelocalizationmovement.Taiwanesecinema,onceheavilyinfluencedbymainlandChinesecinema,hasundergoneatransformation,witharenewedemphasisonlocalthemesandconcerns.Taiwanesefilmsarenowrecognizedfortheiruniquestyleandaesthetic,andhavewonglobalacclaim.

Finally,Taiwan'sacademicfieldhasalsobeenimpactedbyglobaltrendsinthesocialsciences,asscholarsseektointegrateTaiwan'sexperiencesandperspectivesintobroadertheoreticalframeworks.Thishasledtoagrowinginterestintopicssuchasglobalization,transnationalism,anddiaspora,andhowtheseprocessesintersectwiththeuniqueexperiencesofTaiwanesesocietyandculture.

Inconclusion,theSinicizationandlocalizationmovementsinTaiwan'ssocialscienceshavehadfar-reachingimpactsontheacademicfield,leadingtoarecognitionofTaiwan'suniqueidentityanditsplaceintheworld.Whiletherelationshipbetweentheseapproachesremainscomplex,scholarscontinuetoexplorenewtheoreticalframeworksthatcapturethecomplexityanddiversityofTaiwan'ssocietyandculture,anditsplaceinanincreasinglyinterconnectedworld.AnotherareaofTaiwan'ssocialsciencesthathasbeenimpactedbytheSinicizationandlocalizationmovementsishistory.HistoriansinTaiwanhavedelveddeepintothehistoryofTaiwan,uncoveringthediverseandcomplexculturesandsocietiesthathaveinhabitedtheislandoverthecenturies.ThishasledtoarenewedemphasisonthedistinctivenessofTaiwanesehistoryanditsplaceinthebroadercontextofEastAsianhistory.

ThelocalizationmovementhasalsoledtoagrowingrecognitionoftheimportanceofTaiwan'sindigenouspeopleandtheirhistory.Scholarshaveworkedtointegrateindigenousperspectivesandknowledgeintotheirresearch,providingnewinsightsintothecomplexrelationshipbetweenTaiwan'sindigenousculturesandHanChineseculture.

Inaddition,economicsandpoliticalsciencehavebeenimpactedbythelocalizationmovement.EconomistshavefocusedontheuniqueeconomicdevelopmentexperiencesofTaiwan,exploringtheroleofthestateinthedevelopmentofTaiwan'seconomyanditsrelationshipwithglobaleconomicforces.PoliticalscientistshaveexaminedtheevolutionofdemocracyinTaiwan,atopicofgreatinterestinthewakeofTaiwan'sdemocratictransitioninthe1990s.

Overall,theSinicizationandlocalizationmovementsinTaiwan'ssocialscienceshaveallowedresearcherstoexplorenewperspectivesandtopics,promotingagreaterunderstandingofTaiwan'sdiversesocietyandculture.AsTaiwancontinuestonavigateitscomplexrelationshipwithChinaanditsplaceintheglobalcomm