宇宙时空之旅：未知世界E06寻找智慧生命中英对照字幕考研英语

100:00:18,600-->00:00:20,900约翰•古德利克JohnGoodrickewasaman200:00:20,900-->00:00:23,460观星的时间极短whowaspermittedonlythebriefestglimpseofthestars.300:00:24,260-->00:00:26,660然而他可说是得到了Andyet,itcouldbesaidthathemadeoneofthe400:00:26,800-->00:00:28,660一个史上最伟大的发现greatestdiscoveriesofall.500:00:32,160-->00:00:35,100儿时的异常疾病使他完全聋了Hehadbeenleftcompletelydeafbyachildhoodillness.600:00:35,960-->00:00:38,660这也许就是他观星时如此仔细的原因Andmaybethat,swhyhelookedsocarefully.700:00:42,460-->00:00:44,860在1784年一个晴朗的夏夜Onaclearsummernightin1784,800:00:45,760-->00:00:49,530他到室外去观察某颗星星是不是还在hewentoutsidetoseeifaparticularstarwasstill900:00:49,660-->00:00:52,600进行一个令他困惑不解的活动doingsomethingthatmystifiedhim.1000:00:53,400-->00:00:57,100一个其他天文学家之前从未报告过的活动Somethingthatnootherastronomerhadeverreportedbefore.1100:00:59,030-->00:01:01,660古德利克不敢相信自己的眼睛Goodrickecouldn,tbelievehisowneyes.1200:01:02,160-->00:01:04,100这颗名为天琴座B的恒星Thestar,calledBetaLyrae,1300:01:04,230-->00:01:08,260在一段很短的时间内出现亮度规律变化changedregularlyinbrightnessoveraverybriefperiodoftime.1400:01:08,730-->00:01:10,930只有几天而已Onlydays.1500:01:11,060-->00:01:13,800会是什么原因让一颗恒星这样Whatcouldpossiblymakeastardothat?1600:01:17,060-->00:01:19,700更惊人的是古德利克发现他可以Evenmoresurprising,Goodrickefoundthathecould1700:01:19,830-->00:01:22,030精准地预测这种变化predictitsvariationswithhighaccuracy.1800:01:24,360-->00:01:26,530是什么导致了恒星亮度这样变化Whatcouldcausesuchachangeinastarsbrightness?1900:01:28,630-->00:01:31,030他能想到的所有情况Noneofthescenariosthatcametomindexplainedthe2000:01:31,160-->00:01:33,330都无法解释这种现象evidencebeforehim.2100:01:35,060-->00:01:37,500然后他想到了另一种可能性Andthen,hethoughtofanotherpossibility.2200:01:42,830-->00:01:45,730应该是有什么东西围绕着天琴座B运行SupposetherewassomethingorbitingBetaLyrae2300:01:45,860-->00:01:48,330有规律地遮蔽了它thateclipsedthestaronaregularbasis.2400:01:53,660-->00:01:55,600但会是什么东西呢Butwhatcoulditbe?2500:02:07,130-->00:02:09,530也许是一个星球？"Aworldperhaps?"2600:02:21,260-->00:02:23,730会不会是一万亿个Howaboutatrillion?2700:03:20,830-->00:03:29,200贝壳字幕组译制转载请注明出处2800:03:23,540-->00:03:28,660翻译2900:03:23,540-->00:03:28,660校对3000:03:23,540-->00:03:28,660大千千路过一只喵路边野餐3100:03:23,540-->00:03:28,660川大毕同学3200:03:23,540-->00:03:28,660Telegram频道：t.me/bkzmz3300:03:24,910-->00:03:28,660宇宙未知世界3400:03:33,530-->00:03:35,5301786年约翰•古德利克的发现WhenJohnGoodricke,sdiscoverycametotheattention3500:03:35,660-->00:03:38,730引起了久负盛名的英国皇家学会的关注oftheprestigiousBritishRoyalSocietyin1786,3600:03:39,700-->00:03:41,760他立即被选为会员hewasimmediatelymadeamember.3700:03:45,160-->00:03:48,100这个荣誉消息未能传达给他Wordofthishonorneverreachedhim,3800:03:48,660-->00:03:51,860因为他在几天后死于肺炎dayslaterhewasdeadofpneumonia.3900:03:54,200-->00:03:56,960年仅21岁Hewasonly21.4000:04:01,600-->00:04:04,630再过150年才会有另一位天文学家Itwouldbe150yearsbeforeanotherastronomer4100:04:04,760-->00:04:06,930解开古德利克的谜团wouldsolveGoodricke,smystery.4200:04:07,400-->00:04:11,530并且在这个过程中令我们对宇宙完全改观Andintheprocess,changeourcosmosforever.4300:04:12,400-->00:04:15,400甚至在年幼时杰拉德•彼得•柯伊伯就可以Evenasachild,GerardPeterKuipercould4400:04:15,530-->00:04:17,160看得比任何人更远seefartherthananyoneelse.4500:04:18,960-->00:04:22,000他能看到极其遥远与黯淡的恒星Hesawstarstoodistantandtoofaintforothers4600:04:22,130-->00:04:24,200而别人要用望远镜才看得到tofindwithoutatelescope.4700:04:25,700-->00:04:28,660那是100多年前的荷兰ThiswasintheNetherlandsmorethanacenturyago.4800:04:29,530-->00:04:31,900那时候一个穷裁缝的儿子Backthen,thesonofapoortailorcouldnot4900:04:32,030-->00:04:34,300无法奢望成为天文学家hopetobecomeanastronomer.5000:04:34,430-->00:04:37,330但是这个男孩不愿妥协Buttheboywouldnotbestopped.5100:04:37,760-->00:04:40,800当时天文学家认为宇宙是由Backthen,astronomersthoughtthatthecosmosconsistedof5200:04:40,930-->00:04:44,300几颗行星组成也就是我们太阳系的行星onlyahandfulofplanets,thoseofourownsolarsystem.5300:04:45,860-->00:04:49,430浩瀚星海中的其它恒星Thegreatmultitudeofotherstarswerejustbarrenpoints5400:04:49,560-->00:04:52,630只不过是未曾孕育过星球的荒芜光点oflightthathadnevergivenbirthtoworlds.5500:04:54,160-->00:04:58,560我们地球上的人自认是特别的WeonEarthcouldstillfeelspecial.5600:04:59,300-->00:05:01,430那些科学家告诉我们Ourstarsystem,thescientiststoldus,5700:05:01,560-->00:05:05,900我们的星系绝无仅有受到星球与卫星的庇护wastherarestofall,oneblessedbyworldsandmoons.5800:05:13,600-->00:05:16,830柯伊伯渴望知道我们的太阳和行星KuiperyearnedtoknowhowourSunanditsplanets5900:05:16,960-->00:05:19,230是如何形成的cametobe.6000:05:21,000-->00:05:23,700于是苦读进入了莱顿大学AndmadehiswaytotheUniversityofLeiden,6100:05:23,830-->00:05:25,700他迅速成为了佼佼者wherehequicklydistinguishedhimself.6200:05:27,900-->00:05:30,600他获邀加入活跃的美国天文学界Hewasinvitedtojointhedynamicastronomicalcommunity6300:05:30,730-->00:05:34,060但是柯伊伯有些小毛病intheUnitedStates,butKuiperhadroughedges,6400:05:35,260-->00:05:37,930他好与人争辩因此经常hewasargumentativeandeasilydrawnintoconflict6500:05:38,060-->00:05:39,800和他的同事起冲突withhiscolleagues.6600:05:39,930-->00:05:43,260在远离科学文化重镇之处Theprospectofdirectingaremoteobservatoryfaraway6700:05:43,400-->00:05:45,760掌管偏僻天文台的可能性fromthecapitalsofscientificculturemusthave6800:05:45,900-->00:05:47,530吸引了他appealedtohim.6900:05:47,660-->00:05:50,900而且在那里观星Andbesides,youcouldseethestarsbetterthere7000:05:51,100-->00:05:53,560能比其他地方看得更清楚thanjustaboutanywhereelse.7100:05:54,400-->00:05:58,030柯伊伯被指派到麦克唐纳天文台KuiperwasgivenanappointmentattheMcDonaldObservatory,7200:05:58,160-->00:06:01,160位于德州西部的偏远地区situatedinacornerofWestTexas.7300:06:02,330-->00:06:05,200在20世纪初人们已经发现Attheturnofthecentury,ithadbeendiscoveredthathalf7400:06:05,330-->00:06:09,030可见的恒星中有半数是引力双星系统thevisiblestarswerereallygravitationalpairs.7500:06:10,660-->00:06:13,030大多数双星就像双胞胎Mostbinarystarsareliketwins,7600:06:13,160-->00:06:16,030是由同一团气体与尘埃形成的formingfromthesamewombofgasanddust.7700:06:17,230-->00:06:19,860有些各自长大直到发展后期Otherscomeofageseparatelyandbecomegravitationally7800:06:20,000-->00:06:22,860才被各自的引力互相吸引involvedwitheachotherlaterintheirdevelopment.7900:06:23,700-->00:06:27,330而另外半数恒星则始终孤单Andtheotherhalfremainsinglethroughouttheirlives.8000:06:28,100-->00:06:31,030柯伊伯选择专注研究双星系统Kuiperchosetoconcentrateonthebinarystars.8100:06:32,000-->00:06:34,100他想知道双星系统是否能解释Hewonderediftheycouldshedlightonthewaythatthe8200:06:34,230-->00:06:37,230我们太阳系中的行星是如何形成planetsinoursolarsystemformedandcametobe8300:06:37,360-->00:06:39,730并被引力吸引而环绕太阳gravitationallyboundtoourSun.8400:06:40,230-->00:06:42,700亮度升高18小时50分钟KUIPER:Brightascension.18hours,50minutes.8500:06:43,030-->00:06:45,600亮度下降加33度Declinationplus33degrees.8600:06:45,730-->00:06:47,6602175分钟2175minutes.8700:06:48,130-->00:06:49,500明白ASSISTANT:Mm-hmm.8800:06:49,930-->00:06:52,160柯伊伯观测着那颗恒星Kuiperlookedattheverysamestarthat8900:06:52,300-->00:06:54,900那颗150年前让约翰•古德利克困惑的恒星hadbaffledJohnGoodricke150yearsbefore,9000:06:55,730-->00:06:59,430但柯伊伯用的望远镜大得多了butKuiperwaslookingatitwithamuchbiggertelescope.9100:07:01,000-->00:07:03,830柯伊伯还有一个强大的助力AndKuiperwasarmedwithanawesomepowerthatdidn't9200:07:03,960-->00:07:07,260那就是古德利克的时代并不存在的光谱学existinGoodricke'stime,spectroscopy.9300:07:05,790-->00:07:07,700光谱室9400:07:08,060-->00:07:10,530光谱学可以用来分析Spectroscopyisawaytodissectthelightofany9500:07:10,660-->00:07:13,830任何恒星的光来得出它特有的原子singlestartofinditsparticularatomicand9600:07:13,960-->00:07:15,630和分子组成molecularcomposition.9700:07:16,400-->00:07:18,930柯伊伯观察了天琴座B产生的光谱Kuiperlookedatthespectrumofthelightproduced9800:07:19,060-->00:07:22,100发现它和其他一切恒星同样byBetaLyraeandsawthat,aswithallstars,9900:07:22,630-->00:07:24,930含有大量的氢气和氮气therewasplentyofhydrogenandhelium,10000:07:25,060-->00:07:29,000但也含有铁钠和硅buttherewasalsoironsodiumandsilicon.10100:07:29,600-->00:07:31,330目前为止的都是意料之内Sofar,nosurprisesthere.10200:07:31,460-->00:07:33,560而现在转折点来了Now,herecomesthetwist.10300:07:34,260-->00:07:35,560明亮的线条？Brightlines?10400:07:35,700-->00:07:38,130那些亮线是从哪来的Wherewerethosebrightlinescomingfrom?10500:07:38,260-->00:07:41,600当时没有天文学家了解为什么这些亮线Atthattime,noastronomerunderstoodwhybrightlines10600:07:41,730-->00:07:43,400会出现在恒星的光谱上wouldappearinthespectrumofastar.10700:07:44,560-->00:07:47,400柯伊伯匆忙之中得出的结论是双星系统Kuiperleapttotheconclusionthatthetwostars10800:07:47,530-->00:07:50,100过于接近而产生了物质交换weresoclosethattheywereexchangingmatter,10900:07:51,400-->00:07:54,400交换的超热气体导致了这种特征super-hotgasesthatwouldproducesuchasignature.11000:07:55,730-->00:07:58,330在试图理解他那晚看到的现象时Intryingtounderstandwhathehadseenthatnight,11100:07:59,100-->00:08:02,300柯伊伯发现并命名了宇宙之中Kuiperdiscoveredandnamedthemostinterstellar11200:08:02,430-->00:08:04,930最密切的恒星系统relationshipinthecosmos.11300:08:05,230-->00:08:08,860两颗恒星永久合一Starsthatarephysicallylockedineverlastingoneness,11400:08:09,000-->00:08:12,130被引力和一道恒星物质所形成的火焰桥梁boundtogetherbygravityandabridgeoffire11500:08:13,030-->00:08:15,030束缚在一起madeofstarstuff.11600:08:17,600-->00:08:21,230这座800万英里长的桥Abridgeeightmillionmileslong,11700:08:22,500-->00:08:24,400连结两颗恒星connectingtwostars,11800:08:24,530-->00:08:27,230一颗质量比我们的太阳大三倍onethreetimesmoremassivethanourSun,11900:08:27,360-->00:08:31,060而另一颗比第一颗大13倍theother13timesgreaterstill.12000:08:33,360-->00:08:36,660这是一个密接双星系统Acontactbinarystarsystem.12100:08:37,100-->00:08:39,830为什么它们不像我们的太阳一样是球形的Whyaren,ttheyroundlikeourownstar?12200:08:40,230-->00:08:42,160它们相距非常接近Theyaresoclosedtooneanother,12300:08:42,300-->00:08:45,730潮汐引力将它们牵引在一起tidalforcesofgravitypullthemtogetherandstretchthem12400:08:45,860-->00:08:48,430而后又拉扯成燃烧的泪珠intoflamingteardrops.12500:08:49,860-->00:08:54,330天琴座B系统距离地球约1000光年TheBetaLyraesystemisabout1,000light-yearsfromearth.12600:08:54,930-->00:08:57,86020世纪中叶最大的望远镜还不足以Thelargesttelescopesofthemid-20thcenturywerejustnot12700:08:58,000-->00:09:01,160强大到分析出两颗恒星的个体powerfulenoughtoresolvethemasindividualstars.12800:09:02,400-->00:09:04,860需要光谱学这种新力量Youneededthatnewpowerofspectroscopy12900:09:05,200-->00:09:07,530来解开它们todisentanglethem.13000:09:07,660-->00:09:10,130柯伊伯想象着这个密接双星系统Kuiperimaginedhowtheformationofthecontact13100:09:10,260-->00:09:13,160可能的形成过程binarystarsystemcouldhavehappened.13200:09:13,730-->00:09:16,560他推断它们是由一个密度极高的Hededucedthattheywereformedwhenavastcloudof13300:09:16,700-->00:09:21,500气体和尘埃云形成的导致引力吸引星球聚集gasanddustbecomesodensethatgravitationalwhirlpoolsformed.13400:09:26,700-->00:09:29,400思考这个密接双星系统的过程中Inthinkingaboutthesecontactbinaries,13500:09:29,530-->00:09:32,160柯伊伯不禁想知道这些恒星的形成中Kuipercouldn,thelpbutwonderifanyofthesestellar13600:09:32,300-->00:09:34,800是否曾经在捕捉对方焰气上失败courtshipseverfailedtocatchonfire.13700:09:37,100-->00:09:41,030柯伊伯自问我们的地球Kuiperaskedhimself,wasourworld,13800:09:41,160-->00:09:44,530我们的月球和太阳系的所有行星ourMoonandalltheplanetsofoursolarsystemnothing13900:09:44,660-->00:09:47,160会不会只是一个形成失败的双星系统？morethanafailedbinarystarsystem?14000:09:48,730-->00:09:52,600如果我们的太阳系是这样诞生的Andifthat,showoursolarsystemwascreated,14100:09:52,960-->00:09:56,400宇宙中的其他恒星周围是不是也发生过同样的事？hadthesamethinghappenedaroundotherstarsthroughoutthecosmos?14200:10:02,830-->00:10:05,400杰拉德•柯伊伯有一种特殊的能力GerardKuiperhadaspecialpower,14300:10:05,530-->00:10:08,130能看得比任何人更远hecouldseefartherthananyoneelse.14400:10:08,660-->00:10:11,760是他最先想象出我们现在生活的宇宙Hewasthefirsttoenvisiontheuniversewenowlivein.14500:10:12,530-->00:10:16,260不是一片广袤荒芜散布着贫乏的恒星Notabarrenvastnessmeagerlydottedbychildlessstars,14600:10:17,030-->00:10:19,560而是充满了可能性的世界butoneoverflowingwithpossibleworlds,14700:10:19,700-->00:10:22,200无数的行星和卫星countlessplanetsandmoons.14800:10:24,600-->00:10:28,4601949年柯伊伯震撼了全世界In1949,Kuiperastonishedtheworldbydeclaringthat14900:10:28,600-->00:10:31,860他宣称我们的太阳系其实并不特别oursolarsystemwasnotsospecialafterall,15000:10:32,530-->00:10:36,060每一颗恒星都有自己的星球家族thateveryotherstarhaditsownfamilyofworlds.15100:10:38,760-->00:10:41,260也许只是一个星球而已Aworldperhaps?15200:10:42,730-->00:10:46,500但科学还无法面对那个领域Butsciencewasn,treadyforthatuniverse,15300:10:47,000-->00:10:50,930甚至还跨不出离开地球的第一步itwasn,tevenreadytotakeitsfirstbabystepsofftheplanet.15400:10:51,130-->00:10:52,530为什么呢Whynot?15500:10:52,660-->00:10:55,400科学被分割成许多小领域Sciencewascarvedupintolittlekingdoms,15600:10:55,530-->00:10:58,200不同学科和不同学科的科学家thevariousscientificdisciplinesandscientistsof15700:10:58,330-->00:11:01,030不会跟另一个学科合作onedisciplinedidn,tcollaboratewithanyonefromanother.15800:11:02,500-->00:11:05,600但这种现状必须改变才能跨出地球ButthishadtochangeforustoventurebeyondEarth.15900:11:06,230-->00:11:12,030关键出现在柯伊伯和另一位伟大科学家的长期不合中ItallcametoaheadinafeudbetweenKuiperandanothergreatscientist.16000:11:13,000-->00:11:15,630他们就像一个密接双星系统Liketwostarsofacontactbinarysystem,16100:11:15,760-->00:11:17,500无法摆脱对方theycouldnotdisengage.16200:11:17,630-->00:11:19,660然而尽管他们彼此厌恶Butdespitetheirloathingforeachother,16300:11:19,800-->00:11:22,930却成功创造出一种新的科学theymanagedtocreateanewkindofscienceandthey16400:11:23,060-->00:11:25,400并开创了太空时代pioneeredtheSpaceAge,16500:11:25,760-->00:11:28,900指导当时最杰出的梦想家与代言人mentoringitsgreatestvisionaryandvoice.16600:11:49,040-->00:11:51,760有时候宇宙会自己冲来Sometimes...thecosmosjustbargesrightin,16700:11:52,100-->00:11:54,230撞开你家大门正如今晚andbreaksdownyourdoor,liketonight.16800:11:56,630-->00:11:58,130发生了什么事What,sgoingonhere?16900:11:58,260-->00:12:02,030我们的行星正在通过一颗彗星的巨量残骸Ourplanetispassingthroughtheepicremnantsofacomet,17000:12:02,430-->00:12:05,000这个残骸区长达数百万英里adebrisfieldmillionsofmileslong.17100:12:05,630-->00:12:08,700所以今晚看起来有如天降恒星That,swhyitlookslikeit,srainingstarstonight.17200:12:09,230-->00:12:10,760但这些根本不是恒星Butthey,renotstarsatall,17300:12:10,900-->00:12:13,830只是在地球大气层中燃烧的石块与冰块justbitsofrockandiceburningupinEarth,satmosphere.17400:12:15,030-->00:12:17,030这叫流星雨It,scalledameteorshower.17500:12:17,160-->00:12:19,760这场流星雨在每年同一个时候发生Andthisonehappensatthesametimeeveryyear.17600:12:20,930-->00:12:22,260为什么Why?17700:12:22,400-->00:12:24,500因为地球绕太阳公转需要一年的时间BecauseittakesayearforEarthtoorbittheSunand17800:12:24,630-->00:12:26,530回到那颗彗星很久以前returntothatsameplacewherethecomets17900:12:26,660-->00:12:29,100飞过的地方streakedbysolongago.18000:12:29,230-->00:12:31,260这就是每年发生流星雨的原因That,swhatayearis.18100:12:32,160-->00:12:36,530这可能是那颗彗星的一部分Thiscouldbeapieceofthatcometorpossibly18200:12:36,660-->00:12:38,500也可能是小行星的碎片afragmentofanasteroid.18300:12:39,100-->00:12:40,830它来自另一个星球Itcamefromanotherworld,18400:12:40,960-->00:12:44,000一个我们太阳系诞生后留下的残余物aleftoverfromthecreationofoursolarsystem.18500:12:44,130-->00:12:46,800但要怎么了解它？Buthowtounderstandit?18600:12:47,300-->00:12:49,100在杰拉德•柯伊伯的时代Well,backinGerardKuiper,stime,18700:12:49,230-->00:12:50,860也就是在20世纪中叶duringthemiddleofthe20thcentury,18800:12:51,060-->00:12:53,930这取决于你是哪一种科学家itdependedonwhatkindofascientistyouwere.18900:12:54,660-->00:12:57,360地质学家会带锤子来敲开这玩意儿Thegeologistswouldbringtheirhammersandbreakthis19000:12:57,500-->00:13:00,430用显微镜观察它的尘埃suckerapartandlookatitsdustunderamicroscopeto19100:13:00,560-->00:13:03,460研究其中的晶体结构studyitscrystallinestructure.19200:13:03,800-->00:13:06,200他们用这种方法调查Itwastheirwayoffindingoutwhichmissingpiecein19300:13:06,330-->00:13:08,830这颗陨石能填补哪些地球之谜thispuzzleofEarththemeteoritecouldprovide.19400:13:10,200-->00:13:12,800化学家们在寻找同样的答案Thechemistsweresearchingforthesameanswers,19500:13:12,930-->00:13:15,200但是他们会把陨石放进酸液中buttheywoulddropitinacidtoseeifitcouldbe19600:13:15,330-->00:13:17,600看它会不会从一种化合物转化成另一种transformedfromonecompoundintoanother,19700:13:18,630-->00:13:20,660通过折磨它来逼迫它torturingittoseeifitwouldgiveup19800:13:20,800-->00:13:22,800招供大自然的秘密itssecretsaboutnature.19900:13:28,860-->00:13:32,900物理学家们想看到它最赤裸的样子Thephysicistswouldwanttoseeitatitsmostnaked.20000:13:35,200-->00:13:38,460具体到它的质量密度硬度Strippeddowntoitsmass,itsdensity,itshardness.20100:13:39,200-->00:13:42,160还有耐热性Itsresistancetoheat.20200:13:42,760-->00:13:46,160生物学家根本不会停下脚步把它捡起Thebiologistwouldn,tevenstoptopickitup.20300:13:46,530-->00:13:49,260在那个时候他们会径直从旁边走过Backthen,theywould,vewalkedrightbyitbecause20400:13:49,400-->00:13:52,260他们认为太空来的陨石theydidntthinktherewasanychancethatameteorite20500:13:52,400-->00:13:55,800和他们不会有任何关系fromspacehadanythingtodowiththem.20600:13:56,200-->00:14:01,360生命只可能来自一个地方就是这里地球Lifecouldonlybefromoneplace,righthere,Earth.20700:14:07,160-->00:14:09,360你想知道最蠢的事吗Andyouwanttoknowthecraziestthing?20800:14:09,860-->00:14:11,030那时候Backthen,20900:14:11,160-->00:14:13,930天文学家也会从它旁边走过theastronomerswould,vewalkedrightbyit,too.21000:14:14,060-->00:14:17,100他们的视线集中于远方Theirsightswerefocusedonthedistanceandwecan't21100:14:17,230-->00:14:18,830这也不能怪他们reallyblamethem.21200:14:18,960-->00:14:21,260当时的天文学界有什么呢Whatwashappeninginastronomybackthen?21300:14:21,400-->00:14:24,660探讨我们太阳系之外的伟大想法Bigideasaboutthingsfarbeyondoursolarsystem,21400:14:25,260-->00:14:27,560爱因斯坦的相对论Einstein,stheoryofrelativity,21500:14:27,700-->00:14:30,660还有乘着光束飞跃宇宙的梦想withitsvisionofridingalightbeamacrossthecosmos21600:14:31,230-->00:14:34,560埃德温•哈勃发现宇宙正在膨胀andEdwinHubble,sdiscoverythattheuniversewasexpanding,21700:14:35,530-->00:14:38,560远处的星系正在远离彼此thatdistantgalaxieswereflyingawayfromoneanother.21800:14:38,700-->00:14:44,360那种事才会令人兴奋而不是看着自家后院的一块破石头That,swhatraisedgoosebumps,notlookingatadumbrocklyinginyourownbackyard.21900:14:44,700-->00:14:47,100研究我们这个小小太阳系的Studyingtheplanets,moons,cometsandmeteorsofourown22000:14:47,230-->00:14:50,130行星卫星彗星和陨石如同儿戏tinysolarsystemseemedlikelittleleague.22100:14:52,260-->00:14:55,360直到柯伊伯大胆闯入UntilKuiperdaredtoventureintoterritories22200:14:55,460-->00:14:56,960天文学的禁区off-limitstoastronomy.22300:14:57,260-->00:14:59,800夜复一夜他待在这里Nightafternight,hewouldstayuphere...22400:15:00,060-->00:15:04,600像大师拉琴一样操纵这个45吨重的机器Avirtuosoplayingthe45-toninstrumentlikeaviolin.22500:15:04,960-->00:15:08,130在太阳系中寻找生命起源的线索Searchingthesolarsystemforcluestoitsorigin.22600:15:08,560-->00:15:12,000只有他一个人认识到这个奥秘Amysterythathealonerecognizedwasinsoluble22700:15:12,140-->00:15:16,420必须通过科学界各领域的通力合作才能够解开withoutthecooperativeenterpriseofallthescientificdisciplines.22800:15:17,040-->00:15:19,840但科学家们并不知道他们需要彼此Butthescientistsdidn,tknowtheyneededoneanother.22900:15:20,380-->00:15:23,340没有大学有这样一个科系Therewasn,tasingleuniversitydepartmentwhere23000:15:23,560-->00:15:27,480可供不同领域的科学家研究行星天文学scientistsofmultipledisciplinescouldstudyplanetaryastronomy.23100:15:27,860-->00:15:31,240所以在这片Sohere,inthemiddleofnowhere,23200:15:31,860-->00:15:36,320德州西部偏远地区的荒郊野外inacornerofWestTexas,Kuiperconductedhisone-man23300:15:36,420-->00:15:38,460柯伊伯独自开展了关于太阳系的探索explorationofthesolarsystem.23400:15:51,760-->00:15:55,030他看着泰坦土星的卫星之一HelookedatTitan,oneofSaturn,smoons,23500:15:55,160-->00:15:57,580发现它表面覆盖大气层anddiscoveredthatithadanatmosphere,23600:15:58,130-->00:15:59,860其中的甲烷浓度很高itwasthickwithmethane.23700:16:00,680-->00:16:04,820夜空中的一颗亮星突然变成了一个真实的地点Apointoflightintheskyhadsuddenlybecomearealplace.23800:16:05,700-->00:16:09,120柯伊伯用分光镜来观察木星高层大气的刺激性云层Kuiperusedthespectroscopetoprobetheacridcloudsin23900:16:09,220-->00:16:12,620检视它的成分theupperatmosphereofJupitertoseewhattheyweremadeof,24000:16:13,060-->00:16:14,920以及化学结构和原子结构theirchemicalandatomicstructures.24100:16:15,560-->00:16:17,800当他研究火星这颗红色星球时Andwhenhelookedattheredplanet,Mars,24200:16:17,930-->00:16:20,040在火星的大气中发现了二氧化碳hefoundcarbondioxideinitsatmosphere24300:16:20,260-->00:16:21,540这使他感到疑惑andhewondered24400:16:22,030-->00:16:26,530〃我是在看地球的未来还是过去？〃"AmIlookingatmyplanet,sfutureoritspast?"24500:16:27,400-->00:16:31,460但对一些人来说柯伊伯除了越界以外什么都没干Buttosomepeople,Kuiperwasdoingnothingmorethantrespassing.24600:16:32,160-->00:16:36,300还闯入了与天文学家无关的化学领域Buttingintochemicalmatterswhereanastronomerhadnobusiness.24700:16:36,930-->00:16:39,020哈罗德•尤里是个化学家HaroldUreywasachemist.24800:16:39,540-->00:16:40,640就跟柯伊伯一样LikeGerardKuiper,24900:16:40,880-->00:16:43,640一路奋斗进入科学界healsohadtofighthiswayintoscience.25000:16:44,440-->00:16:47,430跟柯伊伯家一样尤里家很穷Urey,sfamilywaspoorlikeKuiper,s.25100:16:48,440-->00:16:51,060所以他找了一份在初中教书的工作Sohetookajobteachinggrammarschoolina25200:16:51,260-->00:16:53,200在蒙大拿州的一个矿区进行教学miningcampinMontana.25300:16:54,900-->00:16:56,960其中一个学生的家长极力推荐他Theparentsofoneofhisstudentsurgedhimto25400:16:57,100-->00:16:58,640想办法去上大学findawaytogettocollege.25500:17:00,640-->00:17:03,230哈罗德•尤里听从这个建议一路努力HaroldUreytookthatadviceallthewaytoa25600:17:03,360-->00:17:05,760最终获得了诺贝尔化学奖NobelPrizeinchemistry.25700:17:07,640-->00:17:10,7001949年的他意气风发By1949,hewasridinghigh,25800:17:11,060-->00:17:14,240是芝加哥大学的杰出教授adistinguishedprofessorattheUniversityofChicago.25900:17:14,600-->00:17:18,900那里向来都是世界上最重要的科学研究地之一Then,andnow,oneoftheworld,sgreatcapitalsofscience.26000:17:19,160-->00:17:21,600但当尤里读晨报时ButwhenUreyreadhismorningpaper,26100:17:21,730-->00:17:24,200内心情绪开始凝聚somethingbegantocurdleinsidehim,26200:17:24,330-->00:17:26,080升起一股怒气arisingresentment.26300:17:26,960-->00:17:30,780首先苦于另一位科学家的声名鹊起First,apangatafellowscientist,sheightenedcelebrity.26400:17:31,000-->00:17:32,940这很正常Well,thatwasnormal.26500:17:33,360-->00:17:36,960然后他读到了关于行星起源的部分Thenhegottothepartabouttheoriginoftheplanets.26600:17:37,760-->00:17:40,660他很不高兴一个天文学家Hewasoffendedthatanastronomerwasmaking26700:17:40,800-->00:17:44,100竟敢针对太阳系的化学性质发言pronouncementsaboutthechemicalnatureofthesolarsystem.26800:17:44,460-->00:17:45,960那可是他的地盘Thatwashisturf.26900:17:49,360-->00:17:51,040科学家也是人Scientistsarehuman.27000:17:51,700-->00:17:52,780我们是灵长类动物We,reprimates.27100:17:53,530-->00:17:56,940大家都背负着同样的进化包袱Wecarrythesameevolutionarybaggageaseveryoneelse.27200:17:57,780-->00:18:01,140柯伊伯和尤里这两个强势男性KuiperandUreyweretwoalphamaleswhochose27300:18:01,260-->00:18:03,560将科学论证作为他们的战斗武器scientificargumentastheirweaponofcombat.27400:18:05,620-->00:18:08,500两个人还争夺一个人Andthetwomenfoughtoverasinglehostage,27500:18:09,140-->00:18:10,820一个年轻学生ayoungstudent.27600:18:15,140-->00:18:17,000卡尔•萨根小时候住在这里WhenCarlSaganwasakid,27700:18:17,140-->00:18:20,300布鲁克林的一间小屋中helivedhere,inasmallapartmentinBrooklyn.27800:18:38,140-->00:18:41,560在20世纪40年代中期他画了这幅画Inthemid-1940s,hemadethisdrawing,27900:18:41,700-->00:18:43,020其中写满了预言filledwithpredictions,28000:18:43,860-->00:18:46,780现在收藏在美国国会图书馆thatisnowintheUSLibraryofCongress.28100:18:49,540-->00:18:55,250星际航行的演进28200:19:06,830-->00:19:11,860苏联和美国同意共建首艘月球太空船28300:19:13,160-->00:19:15,660太空船抵达月球！28400:19:17,360-->00:19:19,620到了这个时代Inanerawherelifeherewasinthelastseconds28500:19:19,720-->00:19:22,360人类已经被禁锢在地球上四十多亿年ofitsfourbillioncaptivityonEarth,28600:19:23,100-->00:19:27,680他梦想去别的行星甚至去恒星hedreamedofgoingtotheplanetsandeventothestars.28700:19:29,020-->00:19:31,440但他不安于幻想Buthedidn,twanttojustgoinhisimagination,28800:19:32,060-->00:19:33,860他想要真的成功hewantedtoreallygo.28900:19:34,300-->00:19:37,420他想知道那些星球的真正模样Hewantedtoknowwhatthoseworldswerereallylike.29000:19:38,230-->00:19:43,020他明白唯有成为科学家才能如愿Andheknewthattheonlywaytodothatwastobecomeascientist.29100:19:44,120-->00:19:47,760这个男孩会进入两个互相敌对的科学家门下Theboywouldcomeunderthewingsofthetwowarringgiants.29200:19:48,230-->00:19:50,130尽管他们彼此憎恶Asmuchastheyhatedeachother,29300:19:50,280-->00:19:52,640男孩却同时敬爱他们两个helovedthemboth.29400:19:52,920-->00:19:55,260他们三个合力Together,thethreeofthemwouldteardown29500:19:55,440-->00:19:57,700拆除科学家之间的那堵墙thewallsbetweenthescientists.29600:19:57,830-->00:20:00,460而男孩会拆掉最高的那堵墙Andtheboywouldteardownthetallestwall,29700:20:00,600-->00:20:04,720也就是科学和大众之间的那一堵theonebetweenscienceandeveryoneelse.29800:20:12,660-->00:20:14,400帮我个忙Dosomethingforme.29900:20:14,530-->00:20:18,060我需要你假装我们生活在一个Ineedyoutopretendthatweliveinatimebeforeany30000:20:18,260-->00:20:21,600当时尚未有太空飞船或者人类离开地球的时代spacecraftorhumanhadeverleftEarth,30100:20:21,760-->00:20:25,000没人从太空中看过我们的星球noonehadeverseenourworldfromspace.30200:20:26,060-->00:20:29,140最伟大的艺术家的最奢侈的幻想Themostextravagantfantasiesofthegreatestartistswere30300:20:29,260-->00:20:31,030也无法媲美后来发生的事nomatchforwhatwascoming.30400:20:31,700-->00:20:36,060这是一个艺术家想象中从太空看到的地球ThisishowoneofthemimaginedEarthmustlookfromspace.30500:20:36,740-->00:20:39,980然后在某一天的一瞬间Andthen,inoneinstantonasingleday,30600:20:40,520-->00:20:42,360一切都改变了everythingchanged.30700:20:43,660-->00:20:47,560这就是地球母亲赤裸的样子ThisishowMotherEarthlookedwhenshewasnaked,30800:20:48,000-->00:20:52,080当时还没有五千颗人造卫星绕着她转beforenearly5,000satelliteswereinorbitaroundher,30900:20:52,420-->00:20:56,720也没有人从十开始倒数beforeanyonehadevercountedbackwardsfromten.31000:20:58,720-->00:21:13,040（俄语从十开始倒数）(countingdownfromteninRussian)31100:21:44,860-->00:21:47,160在1957年10月4日OnOctober4,1957,31200:21:47,600-->00:21:54,440苏联成为第一个进入太空探索的国家theSovietUnionbecamethefirstnationtodipitstoeintotheshallowsofthecosmicocean.31300:21:55,920-->00:21:58,380它发射了斯普特尼克1号ItlaunchedSputnik1,31400:21:58,930-->00:22:03,620这个简单的无线电发射机每96分钟绕地球一圈asimpleradiotransmitterthatcircledEarthevery96minutes.31500:22:10,930-->00:22:14,500全球各地的人都走到室外Allovertheplanet,peoplecameoutsidetofind31600:22:14,620-->00:22:19,020来看天上这个新的光点一一一颗人造卫星thisnewlightinthesky,aman-mademoon.31700:22:20,260-->00:22:21,600没有东西可以阻止我们Nothingcouldstopus31800:22:21,720-->00:22:24,340实现我们最大胆的梦想fromachievingourmostdaringdreams.31900:22:26,320-->00:22:30,640想想看夜空中一个新的亮点是人造的物体Thinkofit,somethingwemadewasanewlightinthenightsk