2021年大学英语四级阅读理解模拟习题及答案(卷十三)

2021年大学英语四级阅读理解模拟习题及答案（卷十三）总分题号得分PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertown,Maryland,decidedtofindoutwhether,asmanysmokerssay,smokinghelpsthemto“thinkand”Spilichputyoungnon-smokers,activesmokersandsmokersdeprived(被剥夺)ofcigarettesthroughaseriesoftests.Inthefirsttest,eachsubject(试验对象)satbeforeacomputerscreenandpressedakeyassoonasheorsherecognizedatargetletteramongagroupingof96.Inthissimpletest,smokers,deprivedsmokersandnonsmokersperformedequallywell.Thenexttestwasmorecomplex,requiringalltoscansequencesof20identicallettersandrespondtheinstantoneoftheletterstransformedintoadifferentone.Non-smokerswerefaster，butunderthestimulationofnicotine(尼古丁),activesmokerswerefasterthandeprivedsmokers.Inthethirdtestofshort-termmemory,non-smokersmadethefewesterrors,butdeprivedsmokerscommittedfewererrorsthanactivesmokers.Thefourthtestrequiredpeopletoreadapassage,thenanswerquestionsaboutit.Non-smokersremembered19percentmoreofthemostimportantinformationthanactivesmokers,anddeprivedsmokersbestedthosewhohadsmokedacigarettejustbeforetesting.Activesmokerstendednotonlytohavepoorermemoriesbutalsohadtroubleseparatingimportantinformationfrominsignificantdetails.“Asourtestsbecamemorecomplex.”SumsupSpilich,“non-smokersperformedbetterthansmokersbywiderandwider”He“smokersmightperformadequatelyatmanyjobs-untiltheygotcomplicated.Asmokingairlinepilotcouldflyadequatelyifnoproblemsarose,butifsomethingwentwrong,smokingmightdamagehismentalcapacity.”力的实验。1.ThepurposeofGeorgeSpilich'sexperimentsis_______.A)totestwhethersmokinghasapositiveeffectonthementalcapacityofsmokersB)toshowhowsmokingdamagespeople'smentalcapacityC)toprovethatsmokingaffectspeople'sregularperformanceD)tofindoutwhethersmokinghelpspeople'sshort-termmemory2.GeorgeSpilich'sexperimentwasconductedinsuchawayasto_______.A)compelthesubjectstoseparatemajorinformationfromminordetailsB)putthesubjectsthroughincreasinglycomplextestsC)checktheeffectivenessofnicotineonsmokersD)registerthepromptresponsesofthesubjects3.Theword“bested”(Line3,Para.5)mostprobablymeans_______.A)beatB)enviedC)caughtupwithD)madethebestof4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A)Activesmokersingeneralperformedbetterthandeprivedsmokers.B)Activesmokersrespondedmorequicklythantheothersubjects.C)Non-smokerswerenotbetterthanothersubjectsinperformingsimpletasks.D)Deprivedsmokersgavetheslowestresponsestothevarioustasks.5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat_______.A)smokersshouldnotexpecttobecomeairlinepilotsB)smokinginemergencycasescausesmentalillnessC)noairlinepilotssmokeduringflightsD)smokersmayproveunequaltohandingemergencycases参考答案及解析1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题，依据是第1段的两句话。2[][B]本题问G有S的实验是以下列哪种方式进行的。文章第2段说thefirsttest是simpletest,第3段开头说第2个实验more烟的人越来越比吸烟者做得好”，由此可见,GeorgeSpilich进行这种测试时以由易到难的顺序进行的。因而B项正确。3、[答案及分析]：[A]词义推断题。我们可以看出该被要求推断词义的词所在的上下文意为：没有被允许吸烟的人忧于那些在测试前片刻吸过烟的人。best而四个选项的意思分别是：)catchup赶上)makethebest充分利用。可以看出,best和beat意思最为接近。4、[答案及分析]：[C]根据第2段第2句可知C项正确：另外，根据倒数第2段的后两句、第3段第2句可知AB、D均不正确。5答案及分析][D]与本题有关的信息在最后一段两句：Spilich认为，吸烟者能胜任并不复杂的工作，但不能胜行复杂的任务。一个现问题，吸烟就会损害他的大脑工作能力。Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternalcombustionengine(内燃机)hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistons(活塞)beingdriven.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpactonsociety.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformof读写能力);itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities,Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer.Whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolinmaking.Learninghowtouseacomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“user?friendly”.Letusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohavetoknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase“learningtouseamean?Itsoundslike“learningtodrivea,thatis,itsoundsasifthereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.Infact,“learningtouseaismuchmorelike“learningtoplaya,butlearningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmaynotbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.这是篇议论文，主要讨论了掌握计算机技能的问题。1.Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould_______.A)trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscienceB)beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydoC)learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskillsD)understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar2.Inthesecondparagraph“violin?making”ismentionedtoshowthat_______.A)programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolinB)oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfieldsC)violinmakingrequiresasmuchskillascomputerprogrammingD)peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogram-ming3.Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause_______.A)programsarebecominglesscomplicatedB)programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousersC)programmingisbecomingeasierandeasierD)programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers4.Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase“learningtousea”(Lines3,4,Para.3)meanslearning_______.A)asetofrulesB)thefundamentalsofcomputerscienceC)specificprogramsD)generalprinciplesofprogramming5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis_______.A)tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsocietyB)toexplaintheconceptofcomputerliteracyC)toillustratetherequirementsforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrowD)toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjob参考答案及解析1、[答案及分析]：[C]是文章第2段的意思：学习使用计算机并为职业的人的事。2、[答案及分析]：[D]第2段的意思是：尽管编制程序可能很有造小提琴。但是，学习计算机并非要求大家都学会编程，正如我们只需会开车就行，不必懂得修理汽车;只需会使用小提琴，而不必了解如何制作小提琴。故而D项正确。3、[答案及分析]：[B]依据为第3段第1句话。4、[答案及分析]：[C]该题具有一定难度，关键在于对第3段最后两句话的正确理解：何谓“学习使用计算机”“学习使用计算机”听起来(sound跟“学习开车”一样，似乎(asif)只要掌握了一些确定的技巧就能学会使用它。在第4段，作者又说：其实(in习使用计算机”更像“学习玩游戏”，掌握了一种游戏的规则并不能使用这种或那种程序，而这一般都能比较容易地做到。5、[答案及分析]：[B]主旨题。文章的主旨应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容，面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部内容;但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。根据这一原则，只有B项才能概括全文要说明的问题。D都是作者在讨论computerliteracy这一问题时所涉及的几个方面，而并非中心内容，故可排除。Americansocietyisnotnap(午睡)friendly.Infact,saysDavidDinges,asleepspecialistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine."There'sevenaprohibitionagainstadmittingweneedsleep".Nobodywantstobecaughtnappingorfoundasleepatwork.Toquoteaproverb:"Somesleepfivehours,naturerequiresseven,lazinessnineandwickednesseleven."Wrong.Thewaynottofallasleepatworkistotakenapswhenyouneedthem."Wehavetototallychangeourattitudetowardnapping",saysDr.WilliamDementofStanfordUniversity,thegodfatherofsleepresearch.?LastyearanationalcommissionledbyDementidentifiedan"Americansleepdebt"whichonemembersaidwasasimportantasthenationaldebt,Thecommissionwasconcernedaboutthedangersofsleepiness:peoplecausingindustrialaccidentsorfallingasleepwhiledriving.ThismaybewhywehaveanewsleeppolicyintheWhiteHouse.Accordingtorecentreports,presidentClintonistryingtotakeahalf?hoursnooze(打瞌睡)everyafternoon.?About60percentofAmericanadultsnapwhengiventheopportunity.Weseemtohave"amidafternoonquietphase"alsocalled"asecondarysleepgate."Sleeping15minutestotwohoursintheearlyafternooncanreducestressandmakeusrefreshed.Clearly,wewereborntonap.?WeSuperstarsofSnoozedon'tnaptoreplacelostshut?eyeortoprepareforanightshift.Rather,we"snack"onsleep,whenever,whereverandatwhatevertimewefeellikeit.Imyselfhavenappedinbuses,cars,planesandonboats;onfloorsandbeds;andinlibraries,officesandmuseums.这是一篇说明文，讨论了小睡，打盹及睡眠充足的积极意们的错误观点。1.ItiscommonlyacceptedinAmericansocietythattoomuchsleepis______.A)unreasonableB)criminalC)harmfulD)costly2.TheresearchdonebytheDementcommissionshowsthatAmericans______.A)don'tliketotakenapsB)areterriblyworriedabouttheirnationaldebtC)sleeplessthanisgoodforthemD)havecausedmanyindustrialandtrafficaccidents3.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto______.A)warnusofthewickednessofnappingB)explainthedangerofsleepinessC)discussthesideeffectsofnappingD)convincethereaderofthenecessityofnapping4.The"Americansleepdebt"(Line1,Para.3)istheresultof______.A)thetraditionalmisconceptiontheAmericanshaveaboutsleepB)thenewsleeppolicyoftheClintonAdministrationC)therapiddevelopmentofAmericanindustryD)theAmericans'worryaboutthedangerofsleepiness5.Thesecondsentenceofthelastparagraphtellsusthatitis______.A)preferabletohaveasoundsleepbeforeanightshiftB)goodpracticetoeatsomethinglightbeforewegotobedC)essentialtomakeupforcostsleepD)naturaltotakeanapwheneverwefeeltheneedforit参考答案及解析1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。美国社会中被普遍接受的观点是过多的睡眠具有下列哪个特征。A项意为“不合理的”，B项意为“有罪的”，C项意为“有害的”，D项意为“代价高的”。根据第一段第一句和最后一句可知A恰当。因为美国人认为“naturerequiresseven”生物本能需要7。2、答案及分析]：事实辨认题。问DementCommission所做的研究表明了下列哪项事实。第三段说：去年，一个由Dement领导的国际委员会认为存在“美国人的睡眠欠债”，其中一个委员会成员认为该欠债跟国债一样重大。委员会很关注睡眠不足的危险……。显而易见C项正确。3、[答案及分析]：[D]主旨题。问这篇文章的目的是什么。本文的主要内容是阐述napping的重要性，必要性。4、[答案及分析]：[A]归纳事实题。问“美国人的睡眠欠债”是社会对nappingwrong.所以，毫无疑问正确答案为A。5、[答案及分析]：[D]归纳事实题。问最后一段第二句话告诉了我们什么。最后一段第二句的意思是：不论是什么时候，什么地方，只要我们觉得有必要，就可以小寐片刻。D意为：当我们觉得需要小睡片刻是很自然的事。与文章原意吻合，所以D项正确。Violinprodigies(神童),Ilearned,havecomeindistinctwavesfromdistinctregions.Mostofthegreatperformersifthelate19thandearly20thcenturieswerebornandbroughtupinRussiaandEasternEurope.IaskedIsaacStern,oneoftheworld'sgreatestvioliniststhereasonforthisphenomenon."Itisveryclear,"hetoldme."TheywereallJews(犹太人)andJewsatthetimewereseverelyoppressedandilltreatedinthatpartoftheworld.Theywerenotallowedintotheprofessionalfields,buttheywereallowedtoachieveexcellenceonaconcertstage."Asaresult,everyJewishparent'sdreamwastohaveachildinthemusicschoolbecauseitwasapassporttotheWest.?Anotherelementintheemergenceofprodigies,Ifound,isasocietythatvaluesexcellenceinacertainfieldtonurture(培育)talent.Nowadays,themostnurturingsocietiesseemtobeintheFarEast."InJapan,amostcompetitivesociety,withstrongerdisciplinethanours."saysIsaacStem,childrenarereadytotesttheirlimitseverydayinmanyfields,includingmusic.WhenWesternmusiccametoJapanafterWorldWarⅡ,thatmusicnotonlybecamepartoftheirdailylives,butitbecameadisciplineaswell.TheKoreansandChineseasweknow,arejustashighlymotivatedastheJapanese.?That'sagoodthing,becauseevenprodigiesmustworkhard.Nexttohardwork,biologicalinheritanceplaysanimportantroleinthemakingofaprodigy.J.S.Bach,forexample,wasthetopofseveralgenerationsofmusicians,andfourofhissonshadsignificantcareersinmusic.19世纪末和20世纪初的俄国和东欧出现和最多为例，说明了导致神童产生的原因。1.JewishparentsinEasternEuropelongedfortheirchildrentoattendmusicschoolbecause______.A)itwouldallowthemaccesstoabetterlifeintheWestB)JewishchildrenarebornwithexcellentmusicaltalentC)theywantedtheirchildrentoenterintotheprofessionalfieldD)itwouldenablethefamilytogetbettertreatmentintheirowncountry2.Nurturingsocietiesasmentionedinthepassagerefertosocietiesthat______.A)enforcestrongdisciplineonstudentswhowanttoachieveexcellenceB)treasuretalentandprovideopportunitiesforitsfulldevelopmentC)encouragepeopletocompetewitheachotherD)promisetalentedchildrenhighpositions3.Japanisdescribedinthepassageasacountrythatattachesimportanceto______.A)all-rounddevelopment.B)thelearningofWesternmusicC)stricttrainingofchildrenD)varietyinacademicstudies4.Whichofthefollowingcontributestotheemergenceofmusicalprodigiesaccordingtothepassage?A)Anaturalgift.B)Extensiveknowledgeofmusic.C)Veryearlytraining.D)Aprejudice-freesociety.5.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarisesthemainideaofthepassage?A)JewishContributiontoMusic.B)TrainingofMusiciansintheWorldC)MusicandSocietyD)TheMakingofProdigies参考答案及解析1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。问为什么在东欧的犹太父母等职业领域，但允许在音乐舞台表现出色。因此，每个犹太父母都梦后，显而易见答案为A项。2、[答案及分析]：[B]句意理解题。问文章中提到的nurturingsocietiesnurturing培养天才的社会的内容在第二段。第二段第一句就是nurturingsociety的定义：asocietythatvaluesexcellenceinacertainfieldandisabletonurturetalent.A项意思与此相同，不过是换了一种提法而已。3、[答案及分析]：[C]归纳事实题。问文中认为日本是一个重视下列哪项事情的国家。A项意为“全方位发展”。B项表示“学习西方音乐”。C项是“对孩子的严格训练”。D项意为“学术研究的丰InJapan,amostcompetitivesocietywithstrongerdisciplinethanours,childrenarereadytotesttheirlimitseverydayinmany”据此不难判断出C正确。4、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。问文章认为下列哪项有助于音乐神童的出现。文章第三段说：“Nexttohardwork,biologicalinheritanceplaysanimportantroleinthemakingofaprodigy(除了勤”。Anaturalgift的意思跟biologicalinheritance相同，所以A正确。5、[答案及分析]：[D]主旨题。问下列哪个标题最能概括本文的主要思想。全文主要讲的是形成天才的因素，所以D项合适。Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,Childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforpeacemakerswaseven提名)ortheNobelpeaceprizein1998.Groupsofchildren49ispeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsanpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownaTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstaringaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildrensrightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassanonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsanideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)actingI)informationB)assumingJ)offersC)comprehensiveK)projectsD)cooperativeL)respectivelyE)entireM)roleF)especiallyN)technologyG)forwardO)victimsH)images答案PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)47.K.projects48.M.role49.A.acting50.J.offers51.D.cooperative52.G.forward53.F.especially54.I.Information55.O.victims56.E.entire.第二页Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients__47__ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain__48__.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein__49__aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic(慢性的)paincandisrupt(扰乱)aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat__50__frommissedworktodepression.’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho__51__inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial__52__relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften__53__theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatrists(心理医生)andpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.Thismodern__54__forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya__55__numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused__56__sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)resultI)determiningB)involvesJ)limitedC)significantK)gravelyD)rangeL)complainedE)relievedM)respectF)issuesN)promptingG)seriouslyO)specializeH)magnificent答案PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)47.L48.G49.I50.D51.O52.F53.B54.M55.J56.C第一题Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural______47_____forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn______48_____tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto____49_____fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthemindandthespirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha__50_____ofhumanexperiencesandcometo___51____otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile____52____theirownrelationshipsandresponsestolife,thereadersoftenfindthatthe___53__intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide___54____materialfor’imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books__55____theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure___56___.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthe’bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.A.AbundantB.CharactersC.CommunicatingD.CompletelyE.DeriveF.DesireG.DiversityH.EscapeI.EstablishingJ.NarrowK.NaturallyL.PersonnelM.ProperlyN.RespectO.Widen答案PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)47.F/desire48.K/naturally49.H/escape50.G/diversity51.N/respect52.I/establishing53.B/characters54.A/abundant55.O/widen56.M/properly第二题SomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly_47_toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas_48_toalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,_49_unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup_50_anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable_51_Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtcanthroughmymind:youcanlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebad_52_.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince,Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces,withoutguidersoreven_53_bookings,confidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition_54_.Buteachtimeyoutrysomething,youlearn,andasthelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineRiverina_55_.AndIknowllgoondoingsuchthings.snotbecausembraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan_56_wonders.A)accomplishB)advancedC)balloonD)claimE)constantlyF)declareG)interviewsH)limitedI)manufactureJ)momentsK)newsL)reducedM)regretN)scaryO)totally答案PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)47.D)claim48.H)limited49.O)totally50.G)interviews51.M)regret52.J)moments53.B)advanced54.N)scary55.C)balloon56.A)accomplishQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachildslanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance(话语)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.Finally,theresearchers51thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare53whythe’sspeech,andnotthe’s,hadaneffect.“’swell54thatthe’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirsspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。A)alreadyB)analyzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)describingG)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)totalM)unconsciousN)unsureO)yet答案PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)【快速解题】动词辨义题。【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑意义上不符。48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents的由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。”可以看出此处需填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording符合题意。49.【快速解题】动词辨义题。L【火眼金睛】空格位于the与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容词中total符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。【火眼金睛】空格位于other之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的其他方面。”【快速解题】动词辨义题。【火眼金睛】空格在主语theresearchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩余的备选动词中analyzed符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。”【快速解题】名词辨义题。the与of词，根据上下文可知该句意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality符合题意。【快速解题】形容词辨义题。【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。”54.【快速解题】动词辨义题。【火眼金睛】空格处在iswell和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中established符合题意,其中itiswellestablishedthat…，意为“大家公认……”。【快速解题】副词辨义题。A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的hadhad的had是短语haveastronginfluenceon…，结合句意，备选副词中already符合题意。56.【快速解题】动词辨义题。E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意,意为“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.A)closerB)dailyI)painfulJ)performanceH)mission答案PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)47.Mrequire48.Ipainful49.Fespecially50.Eenormous51.Hmission52.Denhance53.Bdaily54.Jperformance55.Kprofession56AdailyQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodet