2022-2023年四川省达州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年四川省达州市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

HowardL.KingaskedforPaul'snameandaddressbecausehewantedtoshowhisthankstohim.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

Inyear______,thereweremanydeadtubewormsfoundintheEastPacificRiseaccordingtotheinformationfromtheexpeditions.

3.

Americanshavehadagoodtrackrecordofbeingsensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.TheDebateoverGeneticallyModifiedFoods

?Ricewithbuilt-inVitaminAthatcanhelppreventblindnessin100millionchildrensufferingfromVitaminAdeficiency

?Atomatothatsoftensmoreslowly,allowingittodeveloplongeronthevineandkeeplongerontheshelf

?Potatoesthatabsorblessfatwhenfried,changingtheever-popularFrenchfriesfromjunkfoodintoamorenutritionalfood

?Strawberrycropsthatcansurvivefrost

Thesearesomeofthebenefitspromisedbybiotechnology.Thedebateoveritsbenefitsandsafety,however,continues.Dowereallyneedtofearmutant(突变体)weeds,killertomatoes,andgiantcomandwillthebenefitsbedelivered?

ConventionalBreedingVersusGeneticallyModified(GM)Crops

Forthousandsofyearsfarmershaveusedaprocessofselectionandcrossbreedingtocontinuallyimprovethequalityofcrops.Eveninnature,plantsandanimalsselectivelybreed,thusensuringtheoptimumgenepoolforfuturegenerations.Traditionalbreedingmethodsareslow,requiringintensivelabor:Whiletryingtogetadesirabletraitinabredspecies,undesirabletraitswillappearandbreedersmustcontinuetheprocessoverandoveragainuntilalltheundesirablesarebredout.

Incontrast,organismsacquireonespecificgeneorafewgenestogetherthroughgeneticmodification,withoutothertraitsincludedandwithinasinglegeneration.However,thistechnologytooisinherentlyunpredictableandsomescientistsbelieveitcanproducepotentiallydangerousresultsunlessbettertestingmethodsaredeveloped.

Traditionalbreedingisbasedonsexualreproductionbetween,likeorganisms.Thetransferredgenesaresimilartogenesinthecelltheyjoin.Theyareconveyedincompletegroupsandinafixedsequencethatharmonizeswiththesequenceofgenesinthepartnercell.Incontrast,bioengineersisolateagenefromonetypeoforganismandsplice(接合)ithaphazardlyintotheDNAofadissimilarspecies,disruptingitsnaturalsequence.Further,becausethetransplantedgeneisforeigntoitsnewsurroundings,-itcannotadequatelyfunctionwithoutabigartificialboost.

Oneofthemaindifferencesbetweenconventionalandgeneticallymodifiedcropsisthattheformerinvolvescrosseseitherwithinspeciesorbetweenverycloselyrelatedspecies.GMcropscanhavegeneseitherfromcloselyrelatedspeciesorfromdistantspecies,evenbacteriaandviruses.

Benefits:OneSideoftheDebate

?Economicalbenefits

GMsupporterstellfarmersthattheystandtoreapenormousprofitsfromgrowingGMcrops.Initially,thecostisexpensivebutmoneyissavedonpesticides.ToproducetheGMcrops,modernbiotechnologyisusedwhichrequireshighlyskilledpeopleandsophisticatedandexpensiveequipment.Largecompaniesneedconsiderableinvestmentsinlaboratories,equipmentandhumanresources,hencethereasonwhyGMcropsaremoreexpensiveforfarmersthantraditionalcrops.GMcrops,farmersaretold,areafarbetteroption.Ittakesashortertimetoproducethedesiredproduct.Itispreciseandtherearenounwantedgenes.

?Herbicide-ResistantCrops

SowhatotheradvantagesdoGMcropsholdforfarmers?GMcropscanbeproducedtobeherbicide-resistant.Thismeansthatfarmerscouldspraythesecropswithherbicideandkilltheweeds,withoutaffectingthecrops.Ineffect,theamountofherbicideusedinoneseasonwouldbereduced,withasubsequentreductionincostsforfarmersandconsumers.ForIngardcotton,pest-resistancewasbuiltintothecotton,hencereducingandevenremovingtheuseofpesticides,whicharenotonlyexpensivebut,moreimportantly,harmfultotheenvironment.

Biotechnologycompaniesareevenexperimentingwithc

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

In2000,overhalftheworld'spopulationlivein______.

6.

Doingmorephysicalexercisehelpsconsumeextracaloriesandstayfit.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessoftheicepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith______donotcovereveryportionoftheocean.

8.

Somepeopleboostgeneticallymodifiedcropsontheconditionthatthesealteredplantscontain______.

9.

BarrierstoeffectivecommunicationbetweenmenandwomencontributetothehighdivorcerateintheU.S.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

BeforeAndyHildebrandretired,heworkedfor______.

A.arecordfactory

B.theoilindustry

C.aconsultationcompany

D.theadvertisingindustry

11.

Accordingtotheinsurancepolicy,policyholdersmust______inordertogetprotection.

12.

Humanreproductiondependsonarangeofactivitiesandeventsand______.

13.

Themostabundantgreenhousegasesare______and______.

14.

Comparedwithwhiteorrefinedstarchyfoods,wholegrainfoodsarericherin______.

15.

Commonsenseprinciplesareappliedtothedesignoftoasters,lawnmowersandmobilephonesto______.

16.

Newton'ssecondlawofmotionsaysforceequals______,multipliedbythechangeinspeeditproducesinanobject.

17.

Earth'ssurfacereleasessomeoftheheatfromtheSunas______.

18.Whatissaidabout"FutureSelfinthepassage?

A.It'sharmfulanddrivespeopletobeunrealisticaboutthemselves.

B.Itisatherapyusedwidelytocuredepressioncausedbyjobloss.

C.Itcanmakepeoplehaveapositiveattitudetowardtheirfuture.

D.Itisakindofimaginationwhichcanberealizedwithefforts.

19.Ithasbeenprovedthatthegeodesicdomeis______humanshelter.

20.

DollyMadisononceinvitedthechildrenofWashingtontorollboiledeggsdownthehillylawnof______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B6】

22.(36)

A.Inthetwohundredmeterrace.

B.Intheonehundredmeterrace.

C.Inthetwohundredmetersprintrelayevent.

D.Intheonehundredmeterandthetwohundredmeterraces.

23.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman'splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonably(36)______inpresentconditions.Itissaid'thatitisawoman'stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestoday(37)______tobesmall.Thusawoman'swholeperiodof(38)______mayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,with(39)______educationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoon(40)______.

Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomanto(41)______herwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.

Apartfromwomen'sownhappiness,the(42)______ofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthe(43)______thatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandotherkindsofwork(44)____________.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublicexpense(45)____________.Thetraining,itistrue,willhelpherindutiesasamother,butifshecontinuedtowork,herservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshops,too,arelargelystaffedbywomen,manyofthemmarried.(46)____________.

24.【B7】

25.(28)

A.Byusingtheirbodytopavethewayforothers.

B.Bycoveringholesinsidetheirnest.

C.Bydeterminingwhichoneisthebestfit.

D.Bysteppingonremainder'sback.

26.(17)

A.Thegroundistoohardforplanting.

B.Transportationisexpensive.

C.TherehasbeentoomuchrainintheYangtzeRivervalleythisyear.

D.Theplantersareexperimentingwithnewcrops.

27.(31)

A.Creatingspeciallanguage.

B.Sellingavarietyofproducts.

C.Providingacomfortableenvironment.

D.Openingstoresinbusyareasofcities.

28.听力原文：AnewreportsaysthecostofstudiesatpubliccollegesintheUnitedStatesincreasedfourteenpercentthisyear.Thisisthebiggestincreaseintuitioninthirtyyears.Butthestudyalsofoundthattheaveragestudentpaysalotlessthanthepublishedcostsofacollegeeducation,becauseofgrants.AnditpointsoutthatAmericanstudentsreceivedarecordamountoffinancialaidlastyear.

Studentsdonothavetorepaygrants,heform.ofloans.AbouthalfofAmericancollegestudentsreceivegrants.Thismeansthateducationcostsdifferfromstudenttostudent.

ThereportisfromtheCollegeBoard.Thisisanon-profitmembershipgroupofschoolsandothereducationalorganizations.Oneofitsbest-knownjobsistoadministercollegeentrancetests.

TheCollegeBoardsaystuitionattwo-yearpubliccollegesroseatthesamerateasfour-yearschools.

TheCollegeBoardsaystheincreasesweremainlycausedbycutsinstatespendingoneducation.Butacongressmansayscollegeshaveincreasedtheirpricesinbothgoodandbadeconomictimes.JohnBoehnerofOhioischairmanoftheHouseCommitteeonEducationandtheWorkforce.Hesayscollegesdonotwenttotalkabouttheirdecisionstospendmoneytobuildthingslikerock-climbingwalls.

TheCollegeBoardcollectedinformationfromfour-thousandcollegesanduniversities.Itsaystheaveragetotalchargeforstudentswholiveatapubliccollegeintheirstateisten-thousand-six-hundreddollars.Whiletuitionrosefourteenpercentthisyear,housingandothercostsincreasedatalowerrate.

Ataprivatecollege,totalchargesarealmosttwenty-seven-thousanddollars.Thatisanincreaseofaboutsixpercentoverlastyear.

(33)

A.Itisakindofcoststhestudentsshouldpayforstudies.

B.Itisaform.offinancialaidthestudentsdon'thavetopayback.

C.Itisthemoneythatthestudentsgetfromthecolleges.

D.Itisakindofloansthestudentsshouldrepaywhentheyhavejobs.

29.

【B5】

30.听力原文：W:Isetuptheconferencetableforadozenpeople,butMr.Wilsoncalledandsaidhecan'tmakeit.

M:Don'tchangeanythingyet.Wedidn'texpectMr.Miller,butIjustheardheintendstocomeafterall.

Q:Howmanypeoplearenowexpectedatthemeeting?

(17)

A.10.B.11.C.12.D.13.

31.【B8】

32.(15)

A.Enthusiastic.B.Reluctant.C.Serious.D.Cooperative

33.(29)

A.TheHelicopter.

B.TheAdvantagesoftheHelicopter.

C.TheDisadvantagesoftheHelicopter.

D.TheUsesoftheHelicopter.

34.

【B3】

35.听力原文：Twosisters,fourandsixyearsold,diedinalate-nightfirethatstartedbecauseofanoverloadedpowerstrip.(29)Thegirlswereinanunattachedgaragethathadbeenillegallyconvertedintoanapartment.Thenewapartmentdidnotconform.toLosAngelesCitybuildingcodes.SuchillegalapartmentsarebecominganepidemicinLA.Theyendangernotonlytherenters,butalsoalltheirneighbors.

Theapartmentdidnothaveasinglewindow.Therewasonlyoneoutlet;pluggedintothatoutletwasacheappowerstrip.(30)PluggedintothestripwereaTV,asmallrefrigerator,aportableheater,twolamps,andahairdryer.Thatwasarecipeforafire,saidonefireman.

The4-year-oldsister,whowasincharge--theirmomworkednights--wasinthehousewhenthefirestarted.Shehadbeenusingthebathroom.Thetoiletintheapartmentwasnotworkingatthetime.Asshewasreturningtotheapartment,sheheardcracklingnoises.Beforeshecouldopentheapartmentdoor,flamesshotoutfromthewalls.Thefirespreadtothehousebeforethefiredepartmentarrived.Firemensaidthatneithertheapartmentnorthehousehadsmokedetectors.

(31)Threedayslater,onJanuary11,thecityfiredepartmentannouncedthatitwasgivingawayfreesmokedetectorstoneedycityresidents.Also,thecityhousingauthoritywarnedresidentsthatitwasgoingtostepupthesearchforillegalconversions.Aspokesmansaidthatpropertyownerswouldbeforcedtoteardownsuchstructuresimmediately,attheirowncost,andpayasignificantfine.

(30)

A.Threepeoplewerekilledinthefire.

B.Themotherwaswithherdaughterswhenthefirebrokeout.

C.Theapartmentusedtobeagarage.

D.Thebathroomwasnotworkingwhenthefirebrokeout.

36.听力原文：W:Hi,Tom,Ihaven'tseenyouinawhile.Whatseemstobetheproblem?

M:ActuallyI'malittleembarrassedaboutcominghere,doctor.Ifeelfinefightnow.Butyouknowhowmuchstuffisgoingaround.Anywayeveryyeararoundtheholidays,likeclockworkIcomedownwithsomething.

W:Soyou'reinterestedinprevention.Whatsymptomsdoyouusuallyget?

M:Youknow,cough,fever,runnynose,myheadandbonesache.Chillseven.I'musuallymiserableforaweekanditendsupruiningmyholidays.

W:Soundslikeatypicalflutome.Asyousaid,lotsofpeoplehaveit.Influenzaoftenstrikeswhenpeopleareovertired,stressedoutandnoteatingnutritiousfood.Andalsoyouincreaseyourexposuretoaviruswhenyou'reinbigcrowdswherelotsofpeoplearecoughingandsneezing.

M:Icertainlyspendalotoftimeindepartmentstoresaroundtheholidaysbuyinggiftsforpeople.

W:Yes.Andsoyouincreaseyourexposuretoairbornevirusesjustwhenyourbody'sresistanceisalreadylowfromalloftherunningaroundyoudo.M:SowhatcanIdotowardofftheflu?

W:Actuallyit'sfairlysimple.Getalotofrest,eatwell.Thatwayyourimmunesystemwillbeboosted.Andyou'llbemoreabletofightoffillness.

M:Allthesethingsmakesense.Butonemorequestion.Aren'tIboundtogetsickanywayifthere'sanoutbreakinthedorm?

W:Oh,youdidn'tmentionyoulivedinthedormitory.Inthatcase,I'dalsosuggestyougetimmunized.Thevaccineavailablepreventsthethreemaintypesofinfluenza.Whydon'tyougototheuniversityhealthcenter?Theshotsarefreethere.

M:I'lldoitrightaway.Itwillbenicetofeelwellduringtheholidaysforonce.

(23)

A.Tofindoutifhehastheflu.

B.Tofindouthowtomaintainanutritiousdiet.

C.Tofindouthowtopreventillness.

D.Tofindouttheresultsofabloodtest.

37.(25)

A.Eatingout.B.Camping.C.Canoeing,D.Swimming.

38.【B6】

39.【B5】

40.(43)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Humanismoriginatedinthestudyofclassicalculture,andhumanitiesdisciplinesincludedgrammar,rhetoric,history,poetry,andethics.Thesesubjectswereallstudied,wheneverpossible,intheoriginalclassicaltexts.Thehumanitiescurriculumconflicteddirectlywithmoretraditionaleducationthatwasbasedonscholasticism(经院哲学).Ascholasticeducationconcentratedonthestudyoflogic,naturalphilosophy(science),andmetaphysics,orthenatureofreality.Scholarsoftenclashedsharplyoverthesetwosystemsofeducation.

Underlyingthedifferencesbetweenthesetwophilosophieswasthehumanists'deepconvictionthatsocietyhadoutgrownolderwaysofthought.Accordingtothehumanists,thesewaysofthoughtemphasizedabstractspeculationandreliedtooheavilyonChristianteachings.Manyofthehumanistsweretownspeoplewhowerenotdirectlyassociatedwiththechurch.Theseurbanresidentstendedtoobjecttoaneducationalsystemthatwaslargelymonopolizedbytheclergyandorientedtoclericalneeds.Humanistswereaccustomedtotheever-changing,concreteactivitiesofcitylifeandfoundtherigidandclosedsystemsofabstractthoughttobebothuselessandirrelevant.Insum,humanismreflectedthenewenvironmentoftheRenaissance.Itsessentialcontributiontothemodernworldwasnotitsconcernwithantiquity,butitsflexibilityandopennesstoallthepossibilitiesoflife.

Renaissance(文艺复兴)humanismwascomplex,withfewunifyingfeaturesbeyondacommonbeliefthathumanityandsocietycouldbeimprovedthroughanewkindofeducationbasedonastudyoftheclassics.Humanistsvariedwidelyinthewaystheyappliedtheseideastoareasthatinterestedthem.SomehumanistsweremainlyinterestedinrhetoricandLatinprosestyle,whileothersanalyzedancienttextstodetermineexactmeanings.Onegroupfocusedonwaystoimprovesocietyingeneral,whileChristianhumanismappliedthetechniquesofhumanistscholarshiptothestudyofchurchdocuments,particularlytheBible.

Whywerethehumanitiessubjectsrequiredtobestudiedintheoriginalclassicaltext?

A.Thehumanistsbelievedthatthosetextswerethebestones.

B.Humanismtookitsorigininclassicalworksinmanyfields.

C.Thehumanistsdislikedtheircontemporaryworks.

D.Thehumanistswantedtobedifferentfromscholasticism.

42.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

In-ancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantendhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international..NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom7766B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocomplete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingendfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsucha.lungtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindfileOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinmm.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcountriespaytheirownathletes'expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,andit,burnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.ThewellknowOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

InancientGreece,theOlympicGames______.

A.weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

B.wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolor

C.hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition

D.wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

43.

【C4】

44.

Whichofthefollowingshouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?

A.Legislationandgovernmentintervention.

B.Theindustry'sunderstandingandsupport.

C.Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals.

D.Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists.

45.Whydofood-bornepathogensinAustraliashowlowdragresistance?

46.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutOceanEdge?

A.Itdoesn'topentotourists.

B.Itwasrebuiltin1906.

C.Itcaughtafirein1890.

D.ItwasoriginallyaprivatehomeownedbyNixonfamily.

47.

Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheteachersbanharmfulexperimentstoanimalsinorderto

A.maintainecologicalbalance

B.pleaseanimalwelfaregroups

C.getfinancialsupportfromtheirsponsors

D.protectnecessaryharmlessexperimentsonanimals

48.

AlthoughrentsinFrancewereextremelycontrolled,theextremeinflationaffectedgeneralpopulationmostseverelythroughthe______.

49.

Comparedwithothermusicplayers,theiPod______.

A.hasbeenbeatenbycheaperknockoffs

B.adoptsnextgenerationmusiccompressionformat

C.concentratesonpeople'smusiclisteninghabitsandtastes

D.isaportableandconvenientlibraryfortoday'speople

50.

WhatmadetheAmericanfilmindustrydevelopduringtheFirstWorldWar?

A.Thedrasticdropinimports.

B.ThepoorqualityofEuropeanfilms.

C.Thegrowingdemandforwarfilms.

D.Therapidgrowthofpopulation.

51.(57)

52.OnMother'Day,it'scustomarytospeakaboutthesacrificesourmothersmadetoimproveourlives.Butmothersalsodeservecreditforthepivotal(关键的)rolethey'veplayedinthehistoryofhumanevolution.Prehistoricmothersdidnothinglessthanseedthedevelopmentofourspecies'remarkableintelligence.

Thestorybeginsatleasttwomillionyearsago,whenourbrainsstartedtogrowlarger,eventuallymakinghumansthemostcognitivelyadvancedspeciesonearth.Thisevolutionwasnotwithoutitsdifficulties,particularlyformothers.That'sbecause,somefivemilliontosevenmillionyearsago,soonafterthehumanlineage(世系)branchedfromtheancestorsofchimpanzees(黑猩猩),anotherpeculiarityincreasinglycametomarkourancestors:walkinguprightontwolegs,orbipedalism.

Theevolutionofbipedalismgraduallyalteredourancestors'skeletons.Bythetimebrainsizebegantrendingupward,theshapeofthehumanpelvis(骨盆)hadchangedtoaccommodatethemuscleattachmentsthatfacilitatedwalking(andrunning)inamoreverticalposture.Asaresult,partsofthebirthcanalnarrowed,makingthepassageofbig-brainedinfantsincreasinglydifficult.

Thecombinationofbigbrainsandconstrictedbirthcanalswasanobstetricalproblemforearlymothersandnodoubtledtohighratesofmaternalandinfantmortality.Theinfantswhosurvivedweretheoneswhoseheadsweresmallenoughtosqueezethroughnarrowedbirthcanals,buttothriveoutsidethewomb,humandevelopmentfavoredbigbrains.Andsonaturalselectionencouragedtheearlybirthofhumanfetuses,beforetheyhadfinishedgestating(孕育).Forthatreason,ourbabiesareborninimmature,helplessstatescomparedwiththoseoftheapes.

Haditnotbeenforthenaturalselectionofenlargedbrains,ourspecieswouldhaveevolvedinacompletelydifferentdirection.Therewouldbenotheoryofrelativity,noknowledgeof"entangled"particlesorthehumangenome;we'dhavenogreatart,musicornovels.Theexcruciating(极痛苦的)painandtraumaofchildbirtharethecostourspecieshaspaidforitsfancycognition.Andmotherscontinuetopaythedebt.

Butthat'shardlyallprehistoricmothersgaveus.Theyalsomaywellhavetouchedofftheevolutionoflanguagefromthesoundstheymadetoreassuretheirhelplessinfants.Babychimpanzees,afterall,canclingtotheirmothers'hairychestsandcontentedlyridealong,nursingondemand.Buthumaninfants,bornimmature,lackthatdexterity.Beforetheadventofdeviceslikebabyslings,theburdenofcarryinghelplessinfantspresentedadilemmaforearlymothersastheyforagedforfoodandwater.

Thepurposeoftheauthorinwringthispassageis______.

A.tocelebrateMother'sDay

B.tocommendtheroleofthefemaleinthehistoryofhumanevolution

C.tohaveageneralreviewofhumanevolution

D.inhonorofmothersallovertheworld

53.(54)

54.

Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.USDAdidn'tconfirmproductsafetyasquicklyasBritishofficials.

B.SharesinMcDonaldwerenotaffectedbypeople'sfearatthebeginning.

C.Recovery6fMcDonaldshowspeoplebelievewhattheyeatissafe.

D.CattlewillnothaveBSEiftheyarefedwellandbutcheredproperly.

55.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Anthropologists(人类学家)believethatlaughterdatesbackmillionsofyears—wewerelaughinglongbeforewewereverballycommunicating.WhetheryouspeakChinese,EnglishorSwahili,alaughorsmilehasvirtuallythesamemeaningallovertheworld.

Humanbeingslovetolaugh,andtheaverageadultlaughs17timesaday.Humanslovetolaughsomuchthatthereareactuallyindustriesbuiltaroundlaughter.Jokes,situationcomediesandcomediansarealldesignedtogetuslaughing,becauselaughingfeelsgood.Butwhydowelaugh?Afterall,it'snotexactlyatraitwesharewithotheranimalspecies.PhilosopherJohnMorreallbelievesthatthefirsthumanlaughtermayhavebegunasagestureofsharedreliefatthepassingofdanger.Andsincetherelaxationthatresultsfromlaughterinhibitsthebiologicalfight-or-flightresponse,laughtermayindicatetrustinone'scompanions.

Manyresearchersbelievethatthepurposeoflaughterisrelatedtomakingandstrengtheninghumanconnections.Laughteroccurswhenpeoplearecomfortablewithoneanother,whentheyfeelopenandfree.Andthemorelaughterthereis,themorebondingoccurswithinthegroup.Thisfeedback"loop"ofbonding-laughter-morebonding,combinedwiththecommondesirenottobesingledoutfromthegroup,maybeanotherreasonwhylaughteriso