2022-2023年四川省资阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年四川省资阳市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Probablecauseincludesdrug-sniffingdogalertsorwitnessingillegalcontentsin______insidethecar.

2.

ThesuccessofexpandingforeignmarketshasinfluencedthedomesticculturalenvironmentofU.S.aswellasthecountriesthathaveopenedtheirmediamarket.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Thebackupandrecoverytoolsmustbe______todealwithvariouscomputercrises.

4.

It'snecessarytoseekadvicefromaqualifiedlawyerinallofdivorcecases.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Forthosestudentsbacktoschool,somecertificationprogramsareincludedEXCEPT______.

A.informationdesign

B.trafficcontrol

C.user-experiencedesign

D.greentechnology

6.Awedding-planningworkermaybethesourceofhiscolleague'sangerbecause______.

A.thelatterisjealousoftheformer'shappiness

B.thelatterhastodosomeoftheformer'swork

C.theformermayforcethelattertohelpwiththewedding

D.thelattertendstomakemistakesundertheformer'sinfluence

7.

The"InternetJunkies"aretooengrossedwiththeirInternetworldto______theiractuallife.

8.

Natural,finelytunedpatternsofhumanreproductionhave______bysettledagricultureandurbanliving.

9.LetChina'sRetailWarsBegin

NewlyunfetteredforeignchainscouldgrabmoreofChina'smarket.OnacoldandwindyFridayafternoon,LiFangisrushingtogetsomeshoppingdonebeforetheweekendbegins.Andthe30-year-oldhumanresourcesmanagerknowsexactlywhereshewantstogo:theCarrefourhypermarket,a10-minutebusridefromherapartmentinnorthBeijing.it'snotthecheapestoption,buttheFrench-ownedstorehasallthemeat,vegetablesandfruitsheneeds."Carrefouroffershighqualityandabettervarietyofproductscomparedtoothersupermarkets,"shesays.

Inrecentyears,majorinternationalchainslikeCarrefourSAofFranceandWal-martStores,Inc.oftheUnitedStateshaveexpandedaggressivelyinChina.LocalChineseretailershaveloudlyprotestedthisandlobbiedheavilyforprotectionfromthenewcompetitioninpriceandservicethatthesemajorretailershavesetoff.Earlierdraftsofthelawhadincludedarequirementforasystemtorateandpunishforeignretailerswhohadpreviouslysetupstoreswithoutcentralgovernmentapproval.Anotherproposalwouldhaveprohibitedforeignretailersfromopeningstoresincitiesthathaven'tdrawnupdetailedmapsofplannedretailsites,whichwouldincludemanysmallercities.

ManymoreChinesewillsoongetachancetosamplethequalityandvarietyatCarrefourandotherforeign-ownedstores.InkeepingwiththeconditionsforChina'smembershipintheWorldTradeOrganization,BeijingonDec.11liftedmostrestrictionsonforeignretailers.Gonearelimitsonthenumberofstores,rulesconfiningthemtolargecities,andregulationscappingtheforeigners'stakeinlocalventuresat65%.

ChinaerectedthosehurdlestogiveitsowncompaniesachancetocopytheWest'sbig-storemodel—andtheyhavedonesowithgreatsuccess.Thetopfourretailersinthecountryareallrunbythegovernmentorlocalentrepreneurs,ledbyarapidlyexpandingchaincalledShanghaiBailian.Buttheforeigncompaniesarenippingatthelocals'heels,andtheyhavebigplansforexpansionnowthatthebarriershavebeentomdown.Pads-basedCarrefourhassome240storesinChina,andplanstoopenasmanyas150morethisyear.Its2003salesof＄1.8billionmakeitChina'sfifth-biggestretailer.China"isveryimportantforourfuture,"saysJean-LucChereau,executivemanagerofCarrefourChina.

PREMIUMONCONVENIENCE

CarrefourwasquicktogetintoChinaandoftenpushedtheregulatoryenvelope,bypassingBeijingandcuttingdealswithlocalgovernments.AlthoughthatstrategygotCarrefourintohotwateratthetime,thecompanyhasemergedastheundisputedleader.IthasevenbesteditsBentonville(Ark.)rival,Wal-MartStoresInc.,(WMT)whichhas43storesin20Chinesecities,andanother10intheworksthisyear.Germany'sMetroistheNo.3foreignplayer,with24storesandanother40withinfiveyears.Alltold,dozensofforeigncompanieshaveopenedinthemainland.

Whytherush?Overthepast20years,retailsalesinChinahavejumpednearly15%annually,tosome＄628billionin2004—makingitthethird-largestmarketonearth.Andconsumerexpectationshaveshotupevenfaster.JustadecadeagomostChinesewerecontenttolineupinstate-ownedstorestobuywhatevermeagerproductswereavailable,thenshuffleofftooutdoormarketsformeat,eggs,andvegetables.Nowbothlocalchainsandthemultinationalsarepushingoutthestodgyoldstateretailersandmom-and-popshopsbybuildingbig,convenientstoresinchoicecentrallocationsinBeijing,Shanghai,andGuangzhou.Withtheendofgeographicrestrictions,thebattlefordominancewillshifttosmallercities.

Thecustomersareamiddleclassthattodaytotalsatleast100million.Theseshoppersliketobuyclothes,TVs,andgroceriesatclean,modemoutletswithafullran

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Doctorswhotreatdepressionwilldistinguishmajordepressionanddysthymiaandtreatthemdifferently.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

12.

Thefiverwatermakesup______oftheEarth'stotalfreshwater.

A.lessthan0.5percent

B.nearly0.05percent

C.aboutthree-quarters

D.aboutonefour-thousandth

13.

TheBibletellspeoplehowJesuswasbetrayed,accusedandcondemnedtodeath.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Epiphytes,whichform.muchoftheunderstoryoftherainforest,getalltheirwaterandnutrientsfrom______.

15.Theideaofusingdogstopullsledsbegan______.

A.some35000yearsago

B.1000yearsago

C.before1000B.C.

D.before1908

16.

HispanicwomeninAmericahavethehighestTFRamongalltheethnicgroups.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Wecancutdownglobalwarmingpollutionbyincreasingourrelianceonrenewableenergysourcesuchas______.

18.

Ifmothlarvaearedeadforfivedays,scrubjayswillnottouchupontheminanycase.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

20.CrossCulturalConflictResolutioninTeams

Teammembersworkinincreasinglydiverseenvironments:intermsofage,gender,race,language,andnationality.Beyondthesedifferences,therearealsodeeperculturaldifferencesthatinfluencethewayconflictisapproached.

Theuseofteamsrepresentsanimportantchangeinthewaywework.Thetheoryisthatthroughtheinterdependencyofthepartsgreaterproductivityisachievedbythewhole.Experiencehasbeenlesskind.Onereasonthatteamsfailtomeetperformanceexpectationsistheirparalysisthroughunresolvedconflict.

TeamsDynamics

Overtimesuccessfulteamsdevelopculturallydistinctpathwaystocommunicate,problemsolving,makedecisions,andresolveconflict.Mostliteratureonteamssuggeststhattheyrealizehighperformancelevelsbypassingthroughfourdistinctdevelopmentphases,'forming','storming','norming'and'performing'.

Thedevelopmentofteamnormsdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum,butisembeddedinthewidersocial,politicalandeconomiccontextoftheday;Anotherrealityisthatteammembersdonothaveaccesstothesamepower.Sourcesofpowerdiffer,asdoexpectationsabouthowandwhenitwillbeused.Itissuggestedthatasuccessfulteamwill:

becomfortabledealingwithconflict

becommittedtoresolvingdisputesclosetothesource

resolvedisputesbasedoninterestsbeforerightsandpower

learnfromexperiencewithConflicts.

Thistiesinwithresearchontheeffectsofinterpersonalconflictinteams.Ateammember'scommitmenttotheteamandtheteammissiondecreasesifconflictgoesunresolved,butcanincreaseifconflictiswell-managedandresolved.Ifunhealthyconflictgoesunresolvedfortoolong,teammembersarelikelytoquitortosearchforalternatives.

DefiningCulture

Socialanthropology,astheacademicfieldresponsibleforthestudyofculture,hasyettosettleonadefinitionofculture.However,forourpracticalpurposes,cultureisdefinedasthesharedsetofvalues,beliefs,norms,attitudes,behaviors,andsocialstructuresthatdefinerealityandguideeverydayinteractions.

Thisdefinitionimpliesthatcultureisanattributeofagroup,andalsocontemplatesthefactthattheremaybeasmuchvariationwithinthegroupasbetweendifferentgroups:Weoftenassociateculturewithanationalgroup,however,cultureincludesethnicgroups,clans,tribesandorganizations.Teamswithinorganizationsalsohavebeliefs,attitudesandbehaviorsthatconstituteuniquecultures.

Althoughtherearemanysimilaritiesbetweencultures,itisimportantnottominimizerealdifferencesthatdoexist.

Ausefultoolforconsideringtheculturesofdifferentgroupsisthebellcurve.Themajorityofagroupculturewillconfirmtoadominantsetofbeliefs,attitudesandbehaviors,buttherewillbemembersoftheculturalgroupthatdifferinsignificantwaysfromthenorm.

IndividualisticandCollectivistDimensionsofaCulture

Animportantdimensionofcultureistheextenttowhichmembersidentifywiththegroup(inthiscasetheteam)ratherthanthemselvesasindividuals.Individualisticculturesplaceahighvalueon"autonomy,initiative,creativity,andauthorityindecisionmaking."Individualintereststrumpgroupinterests,andanygroupcommitmentisafunctionofaperceivedself-benefit.Collectivistcultures,ontheotherhand,valuethegroupabovetheindividual.Groupconformityandcommitmentismaintainedattheexpenseofpersonalinterests.Harmony,gettingalongandmaintaining'faceareseenascrucial'.

ThedominantcultureintheUSA,Canada,WesternEurope,Australia,andNewZealandisindividualistic,whilecollectivismpredominatestherestofthe

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B2】

22.(35)

A.Collegeenrollmentincreasesitscoverage.

B.Topuniversitiesbecomeincreasinglycompetitive.

C.Universitiesbecomeselectiveinstudentadmission.

D.Collegesinvestlessinacademyandinfrastructure.

23.听力原文：W:Excuseme,Dr.Chandler,doyouhaveamoment?IwantWtalkaboutthetopicofmypaper.

M:Ofcourse,whatcanIdoforyou,Sienna?

W:(19)Iwanttochangethetopicofmypaper.YouknowIwaswritingaboutApollo11,butnowIwanttowriteaboutsomethingelse.I'vejustfoundsomethingbetter.

M:I'msurprised.OnMonday,youwereshowingmeallthepicturesofthemoonlandingyou'dfoundontheInternet.IthoughtyouwoulddoagoodjobontheApollo11topic.

W:(21)Well,yesterdaymyfriendintroducedmetoheruncle,whowasanastronautatNASAupuntilayearago.I'dliketowriteabouthimifthat'sokay.IbelievethatIcandobetterifIchangemytopic.

M:Yes,thatsoundslikeit'llbeafascinatingpaper.Makesureyouincludesomehistoricalfacts,though;thisgentleman'sjobmusthavebeenveryinteresting,butdon'tforgetthehistoricalcontextorbackground.

W:I'vegotsomebooksabouttheAmericanspaceprogram.I'llfinishreadingthemassoonaspossible.

M:Thatsoundslikeagoodstart.(20)YoucouldtalkalittleabouttheEuropeanandRussianspaceprograms,too.

W:I'lldothat.I'llseeyounextweek,Dr.Chandler.Wecantalkaboutmyfurtherimprovement.I'llprepareforit.Thankyou,Dr.Chandler!

M:Bye,Sienna.Iamlookingforwardtoreadingyourpaper.

(20)

A.Shewantstotypeupabiographyaboutheruncle.

B.ShewouldliketofindaninterestingjobworkingatNASA.

C.Shewouldliketointroducehimtoarecentlyretiredastronaut.

D.ShewantstowriteamanwhoonceworkedintheU.S.spaceprogram.

24.(29)

A.Theplanewasaboutanhourlate.

B.Theplanewasabouthalfanhourlate.

C.Theoldmanwouldnotbelateforhislecture.

D.Themanagementoftheairportwasinefficient.

25.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：EmilyDickinsonisoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.ShewasborninatypicalNewEnglandvillageinMassachusettsonDecember10,1830.Shewasthesecondchildofthefamily,Shediedinthesamehousefifty-sixyearslater.Duringherlifetimesheneverlefthernativeland.Sheleftherhomestateonlyonce.Shelefthervillageveryfewtimes.Andafter1872sherarelyleftherhouseandyard.Inthelastyearsofherlifesheretreatedtoasmallerandsmallercircleoffamilyandfriends.Inthoselateryearsshedressedinwhiteandavoidedstrangers.Thedoctorwhoattendedherillnesswasallowedto"examine"herfromanotherroom,seeingherwalkbyanopeneddoor.Shewasthoughtofasa"strange"figureinherhomevillage.WhenshediedonMay15th,1886,shewasunknowntotherestoftheworld.Onlysevenofherpoemshadappearedinprint.ButtothinkofEmilyDickinsononlyasastrangefigureisaseriousmistake.Shelivedsimplyanddeliberately.Shefacedtheessentialfactsoflife.AccordingtoHenryJames,afamousAmericannovelist,shewasoneofthoseonwhomnothingwaslost.OnlybythuslivingcouldDickinsonmanagebothtofulfillherobligationsasadaughter,asister,andahousekeeperandtowriteontheaverageonepoemaday.Shereadonlyafewbooksbutknewthemdeeply.Herpoemsaresimplebutremarkablyrich.NotuntiltheI950swassherecognizedasoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.

(27)

A.Almostallherlife.

B.Lessthanhalfherlife.

C.Until1830.

D.Before1872.

26.(28)

A.Acarwouldbelikeatrain.

B.Acarcouldbedrivenautomatically.

C.Acarwouldn'trunintoanothercar.

D.Thespeedofacarcouldbekeptsteady.

27.(19)

A.ThecredithoursrequiredforanMPAdegree.

B.ThebasicrequirementsforenteringHumanResourcesDepartment.

C.TakingsomeoptionalcoursesinEnglish.

D.GettingextracreditsforanMPAprogram.

28.(32)

A.ARoyalCanadianMountedPolicehappenedtonoticehimonthestreet.

B.3.RoyalCanadianMountedPolicerecognizedRay'sphotoandstartedtoinvestigate.

C.TheBritishPolicewasinformedandRaywasfoundatLondonAirport.

D.RoyalCanadianMountedPoliceandBritishPoliceworkedtogethertoarresthim.

29.

【B11】

30.听力原文：M:IwassodisappointedtohearthatJimlosthisjob.Iknowthathisdaughterwassicklastmonth,sohewasalwayslatetowork.

W:Oh,thatwasn'tit.Jimmadeabigerrorinthisweek'saccounting.Thebosswasfurious.

Q:WhywasJimfired?

(14)

A.Hewasfuriouswithhisboss.

B.Hewasalwayslateforwork.

C.Hisdaughter'sbeingsickmadehimlate.

D.Hemadeabigmistakeinhiswork.

31.

【B9】

32.

【B6】

33.

【B10】

34.听力原文：W:Oh,Iamsoangry.MybiologyprofessorwouldnotevenletmetrytoexplainwhyImissedthefieldtrip.Hejustgavemeazero.

M:Thatseemsunfair.IwouldfeelthatwaytooifIwereyou.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?

(14)

A.Sheshouldhaveaskedtobeexcusedfromthetrip.

B.Shedeservesthezero.

C.Sheisrighttobeangry.

D.Sheshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.

35.(24)

A.Awebpageauthoringprogram.

B.Akindofdrinks.

C.Acomputergamesoftware.

D.Aforeignnameforafamousprogrammer.

36.(26)

A.Foralmostathousandyears.

B.Forafewdecades.

C.Foracentury.

D.Forseveralyears.

37.听力原文：M:Christine'sClothingStoreisgoingoutofbusiness.

W:I'mnotsurprised.Theyjustdidn'tkeepupwiththetime.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthestore?

(17)

A.Itsinteriorwasnotkeptclean.

B.Itssalespeoplewereoftenlateforwork.

C.Itlostcustomersbecauseitwasold-fashioned.

D.Itdidnotkeepuppaymentstocreditors.

38.听力原文：W:Howaboutgoingtotheartgallerytoday?Theyarehavingaspecialexhibitoflocalartistsincludingyourfavoritepainter．

M:I'dlovetoifIcangetthistermpaperoutofmyway.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(18)

A.Heenjoyedthepaintingstoo.

B.Hecan'tfinishhistermpaperthatday.

C.Hehastofinishhistermpaperfirst.

D.Hehaslearnedsomethingabouttheartists.

39.(38)

40.听力原文：Wecanagreewithprimitivemanthatfoodisabasicneed,butwedifferfromhiminourfoodwantsbecauseofthewidevarietyoffoodwehaveavailablecomparedwithhim;wehaveawiderchoice.Takefruitforexample,notonlycanweenjoythefruitsgrowninhiscentury,butbecauseofmodernmethodsoftransportandfoodpreservation,wecanalsoenjoymorefruitsfromforeigncountries,whereasprimitivemanislimitedinhischoicetothekindsoffruitwhichactuallygrowwherehelives.

Howevertheydifferinsatisfyingtheirhunger,primitiveandcivilizedmenbothexperiencethebasicneedforfood.

Thesameistrueofthesecondofourhumanneeds.Clothingisnecessarytoregulatetheheatofourbodies.Sinceweliveinatemperateclimateweneedmoreclothesthanpeoplelivingintropicalconditions.Likewise,ourclothingneedstochangewiththeseasons.

Shelter,thethirdofourneeds,dependsupontheclimate,theskillofthebuilder,one'ssocialposition,andthematerialsavailable.Thesimpleshelterofprimitivemanwouldnotdoforus,andyetitsatisfieshisneeds.Thethree-bedroomsuburbanhouseoftheaveragefamilywouldnotbegrandenoughforarichfamily,andyetthemodernhousecontainsmanyofthematerialcomfortswhichweredeniedtotheKingsandQueensofold.

(33)

A.Foodisnolongerabasicneedforus,whileitwasforprimitivepeople.

B.Weeatawidevarietyoffood.

C.Wenolongereatfruitthatprimitivepeopleeverate.

D.Weeatmorefoodthanprimitivepeopledid.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Accordingtouniversityofficials,whoareputinanunfavorablesituationunderearlyadmissionprograms?

42.

Whatdomanyvicechancellorsthinkofthesituationoftheiruniversities,asitismentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Theyareconfidentofchangingit.

B.Theyaremuchdisturbedbyit.

C.Theyfinditnaturalinthemarket.

D.Theycherishitwithanostalgicmood.

43.

Mostpeopleturnonthetechnologyafteralongandfiringdayinordertoavoid______.

44.

Obesityincreasestheriskfactorof______.

A.diabetes,shortsight,cancer,strokes

B.diabetes,cancer,strokes,psychosocialillness

C.cancer,strokes,fatty,heartdisease

D.strokes,heartdisease,diabetes,headache

45.

Internetprovides______.

A.consumerswithinternationalbusinessopportunities

B.subscriberswithacheapandefficientlink

C.formalrolestooverseeitsusers

D.telecommunicationsservicestousers

46.

ThepassagementionssomeofVSPsstructuresEXCEPT______.

A.anengineswithtwoforwardgears

B.sturdyandadjustableseats

C.rearwindshieldwipers

D.astandardheatingsystem

47.

Allofthefollowingaspectsofbackpackingarediscussedinthepassageexcept______.

A.wearingseverallayersofclothing

B.gettingmaximumusefromyourpackmaterial

C.improvingthewarmthofyoursleep

D.forecastingtheweather

48.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatpartdoesweatherplayinconversation?

A.Itshowspeople'signoranceofpurposeofconversation.

B.Itcanprovideatopictobreaktheice.

C.Itindicatesthatveryfewpeoplehopetolearnanythingnewfromconversation.

D.Itcanprovideatopicofconversationthatisacceptable.

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Computerscienceisnotonlyacomparativelyyoungfield,butalsoonethathashadtoproveitisreallyscience.SkepticsinacademiawouldoftensaythatafterAlanTuringdescribedtheconceptofthe"universalmachine"inthelate1930's—heideathatacomputerintheorycouldbemadetodotheworkofanykindofcalculatingmachine,includingthehumanbrain—allthatremainedtobeclonewasmereengineering.

Themoregenerousperspectivetodayisthatdecadesofstunninglyrapidadvancesinprocessingspeed,storageandnetworking,alongwiththedevelopmentofincreasinglycleversoftware,havebroughtcomputingintoscience,businessandcultureinwaysthatwerebarelyimaginedyearsago.Thequantitativechangesdeliveredthroughsmartengineeringopenedthedoortoqualitativechanges.

Computingchangeswhatcanbeseen,simulatedanddone.Soinscience,computingmakesitpossibletosimulateclimatechangeandunravelthehumangenome(基因组).Inbusiness,low-costcomputing,theInternetanddigitalcommunicationsaretransformingtheglobaleconomy.Inculture,theartifactsofcomputingincludetheiPodandcomputer-animatedmovies.What'snext?Thatwasthesubjectofasymposium(研讨会)inWashingtonheldbytheComputerScienceandTelecommunicationsBoard.JosephF.Traub,theboard'schairmanandaprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,titledthesymposium"2016".

ComputerscientistsfromacademiaandcompanieslikeIBMandGooglediscussedtopicsincludingsocialnetworks,digitalimaging,onlinemediaandtheimpactonworkandemployment.Butmosttalkstouchedontwobroadthemes:theimpactofcomputingwillgodeeperintothesciencesandspreadmoreintothesocialsciences,andpolicyissueswillloomlarge,asthetechnologybecomesmorepowerfulandmorepervasive.

Socialnetworksarepre-technologicalcreationsthatsociologistshavebeenanalyzingfordecades.HoweverwiththeriseoftheInternet,socialnetworksandtechnologynetworksarebecominginextricablylinked,sothatbehavior.insocialnetworkscanbetrackedonascaleneverbeforepossible.

Thenewsocial-and-technologynetworksthatcanbestudiedincludee-mailpatterns,buyingrecommendationsoncommercialWebsiteslikeAmazon,messagesandpostingsoncommunitysiteslikeMySpaceandFacebook,andthediffusionofnews,opinions,fids,urbanmyths,productsandservicesovertheInternet.Socialnet-workingresearchpromisesarichtrove(珍藏品)formarketersandpoliticians,aswellassociologists,economists,anthropologists,psychologistsandeducators.

Whatisthemeaningofthe"universalmachine"?

50.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

51.Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecardedontheirmother'sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode(把……编码)ordecode(理解)meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe"properplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner."

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyreestablisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillat{entire,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare______.

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

52.

JerryManderexpressedstrongobjectiontoadvertisingonTVmainlybecause______.

A.theamountofprofitsbroughtinbycommercialsonTVisveryinsignificant

B.heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadisturbingact

C.childrenaremoresusceptibletotheinfluenceofTVcommercials

D.peoplespendtoomuchtimeonTVcommercialstodosomethingmeaningful

53.(60)

54.

Cuttingcarbondioxideemissionby60%will______.

A.bereachedwhenlow-incomecountriesagreetoreachanagreement

B.causeacollapseoftheworldeconomy

C.reduceinalargeamountthecontentofCO2intheatmosphere

D.helprealizeastabledworldeconomy

55.

Inthisarticle,theauthortriestointerpretthefunctionof______.

A.rememberingB.forgettingC.memoryD.experiencing

56.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacriterionfordeterminingaperson'splaceinatraditionalsociety?

A.Familybackground.B.Age.C.Religiousbelief.D.Custom.

57.Whatwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigerationaccordingtothepassage?

58.

WhichofthefollowingideasmightprobablybepreferredbyMalcolmMuggeridge?

A.Literaturewillbecomedominantinpresentingwarstories.

B.Peopleshouldhavetheirownideasofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.

C.TVimagesarepreoccupyingbecausetheyexpressreality.

D.TVprogramsoftenaimtoassaultthetraditionalstandardsandmoresofsociety.

59.Recentresearchfindingsprovethat______.

A.rewardscanresultinlowproductivity

B.behaviorismisstillinfluentialinAmerica

C.positivereinforcementstillworkwonders

D.thereisacrisis