2023年版欧盟合同法通则（中英文对照）

欧盟合同法通则(中英文对照)THEPRINCIPLESOFEUROPEANCONTRACTLAWEuropeanUnionCommissiononContractLaw欧盟合同法通则部分章节如下：CHAPTER1-GENERALPROVISIONS第一章一般规定Section1-ScopeofthePrinciples第一节本原则的适用范围Article1.101-ApplicationofthePrinciples第1:101条：本原则的适用ThesePrinciplesareintendedtobeappliedasgeneralrulesofcontractlawintheEuropeanCommunities.本原则拟作为合同法的一般规则在欧洲共同体适用。Amatteris'material'ifitisonewhichareasonablepersoninthesamesituationasonepartyoughttohaveknownwouldinfluencetheotherpartyinitsdecisionwhethertocontractontheproposedtermsortocontractatall.会影响一件事情，如果是处在当事人位置的通情达理之人本应知道它将对方当事人决定是否依被提议的条款缔约或者是否缔约的，则为〃重大的〃。会影响'Written'statementsincludecommunicationsmadebytelegram,telex,telefaxandelectronicmailandothermeansofcommunicationcapableofprovidingareadablerecordofthestatementonbothsides"书面”表述包括以电报、电传、传真以及其他通讯方式作出的能够对双方的表述提供可读性记录的通知。-Reasonableness第1:302条:合理性UnderthesePrinciplesreasonablenessistobejudgedbywhatpersonsactingingoodfaithandinthesamesituationasthepartieswouldconsidertobereasonable.Inparticular,inassessingwhatisreasonablethenatureandpurposeofthecontractthecircumstancesofthecase,andtheusagesandpracticesofthetradesorprofessionsinvolvedshouldbetakenintoaccount.依据本原则，合理性是指由善意行为并与当事人处于相同的状况下之人加以判断所会认为是合理的情况；在权衡何谓合理者时，应特别考虑合同的性质与目的、案件的情况以及所涉交易或行业的惯例和习惯做法。Notice第1:303条:通矢口Anynoticemaybegivenbyanymeans,whetherinwritingorotherwise,appropriatetothecircumstances.通知得以任何与具体情况相适合的方式作出，不论是书面的或其他的方式。Subjecttoparagraphs(4)and(5),anynoticebecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheaddressee.在符合第四款和五款的前提下，通知自到达于受通知人时起生效。Anoticereachestheaddresseewhenitisdeliveredtoitortoitsplaceofbusinessormailingaddress,or,ifitdoesnothaveaplaceofbusinessormailingaddress,toitshabitualresidence.通知被送交到受通知人或其营业场所或通讯地址，如若其没有营业场所或通讯地址，送交到其惯常居所时，为到达受通知人。Ifonepartygivesnoticetotheotherbecauseoftheother'snon-performanceorbecausesuchnon-performanceisreasonablyanticipatedbythefirstparty,andthenoticeisproperlydispatchedorgiven,adelayorinaccuracyinthetransmissionofthenoticeoritsfailuretoarrivedoesnotpreventitfromhavingeffect.Thenoticeshallhaveeffectfromthetimeatwhichitwouldhavearrivedinnormalcircumstances.一方当事人向另一方当事人发出通知，因为另一方的不履行或者因为此不履行已被前方当事人合理地预见到，而且该通知是恰当地发出或作出的，则该通知在传送过程中的迟延或不准确或没有到达并不妨碍它的生效。通知应从它在通常情况下本应到达的时间起生效。Anoticehasnoeffectifawithdrawalofitreachestheaddresseebeforeoratthesametimeasthenotice.如果对通知的撤回是在该通知之前或同时到达受通知人，通知不生效力。InthisArticle,'notice'includesthecommunicationofapromise,statement,offer,acceptance,demand,requestorotherdeclaration.在本条中，〃通知〃包括允诺、表述、要约、承诺、要求、请求或其他的声明。-ComputationofTime第1:304条：时间的计算Aperiodoftimesetbyapartyinawrittendocumentfortheaddresseetoreplyortakeotheractionbeginstorunfromthedatestatedasthedateofthedocument.Ifnodateisshown,theperiodbeginstorunfromthemomentthedocumentreachestheaddressee.一方当事人在书面的文件中规定的由受领人答复或作出其他行为的期间由该文件载明之日起算；如果没有载明日期，则该期间从该文件到达受领人时起算。Officialholidaysandofficialnon-workingdaysoccurringduringtheperiodareincludedincalculatingtheperiod.However,ifthelastdayoftheperiodisanofficialholidayorofficialnon-workingdayattheaddressoftheaddressee,orattheplacewhereaprescribedactistobeperformed,theperiodisextendeduntilthefirstfollowingworkingdayinthatplace.在计算期间时，在该期间内发生的正式节假日或正式非工作日亦包括在内。但若该期间的最后一天在受领人所在地或在所要求的行为的履行地为正式节假日或正式非工作日，该期间顺延至此后该地的第一个工作日。Periodsoftimeexpressedindays,weeks,monthsoryearsshallbeginat00.00onthenextdayandshallendat24.00onthelastdayoftheperiod;butanyreplythathastoreachthepartywhosettheperiodmustarrive,orotheractwhichistobedonemustbecompleted,bythenormalcloseofbusinessintherelevantplaceonthelastdayoftheperiod.以日、星期、月或年表示的时间期限应自该期间第二天的零时开始至该期间最后一天的二十四时终止;但向规定该期间的一方当事人所作任何答复的到达，或者所要作出的其他行为的完成，必须在该期间最后一天在相关地点的正常营业停止之前。-IndirectRepresentation第三节间接代理-IntermediariesnotactinginthenameofaPrincipal第3:301条：非以委托人的名义行为的中间人Whereanintermediaryacts:(a)oninstructionsandonbehalf,butnotinthename,ofaprincipal,or(b)oninstructionsfromaprincipalbutthethirdpartydoesnotknowandhasnoreasontoknowthis,theintermediaryandthethirdpartyareboundtoeachother.如果中间人从事行为系：1.基于委托人的指令和为了委托人的利益，但并非以委托人的名义，或者，2.基于委托人的指令，但第三人对此并不知道而且没有理由知道，中间人与该第三人互相受有拘束。TheprincipalandthethirdpartyareboundtoeachotheronlyundertheconditionssetoutinArticles3.302to3.304.仅当符合第3:302至3:304条规定的条件时，委托人与该第三人始互相拘束。-Intermediary'sInsolvencyorFundamentalNon-performancetoPrincipal第3:302条：中间人的破产或对委托人的根本性不履行Iftheintermediarybecomesinsolvent,orifitcommitsafundamentalnon-performancetowardstheprincipal,orifpriortothetimeforperformanceitisclearthattherewillbeafundamentalnon-performance:(a)ontheprincipaTsdemand,theintermediaryshallcommunicatethenameandaddressofthethirdpartytotheprincipal;and(b)theprincipalmayexerciseagainstthethirdpartytherightsacquiredontheprincipaTsbehalfbytheintermediary,subjecttoanydefenceswhichthethirdpartymaysetupagainsttheintermediary.若中间人沦为破产，或若它对委托人根本性不履行，或若在履行期到来之前情况表明将会发生根本性不履行，贝h1.基于委托人的请求，中间人应将第三人的名字和地址告知委托人；并且2.委托人可以行使中间人为委托人的利益而对第三人取得的权利，但应承受第三人可得对中间人提出的抗辩。-Intermediary'sInsolvencyorFundamentalNon-performancetoThirdParty第3:303条：中间人的破产或对第三人的根本性不履行Iftheintermediarybecomesinsolvent,orifitcommitsafundamentalnon-performancetowardsthethirdparty,orifpriortothetimeforperformanceitisclearthattherewillbeafundamentalnon-performance:(a)onthethirdparty'sdemand,theintermediaryshallcommunicatethenameandaddressoftheprincipaltothethirdparty;and(b)thethirdpartymayexerciseagainsttheprincipaltherightswhichthethirdpartyhasagainsttheintermediary,subjecttoanydefenceswhichtheintermediarymaysetupagainstthethirdpartyandthosewhichtheprincipalmaysetupagainsttheintermediary.若中间人沦为破产，或若它对第三人根本性不履行，或若在履行期到来之前情况表明将根本性不履行，贝h1.基于该第三人的请求，中间人应将委托人的名字和地址告知该第三人；并且2.第三人可对委托人行使该第三人对该中间人拥有的权利，但应承受中间人可得对第三人提出的抗辩以及委托人可得对中间人提出的抗辩。-RequirementofNotice第3:304条:通知要件TherightsunderArticles3.302and3.303maybeexercisedonlyifnoticeofintentiontoexercisethemisgiventotheintermediaryandtothethirdpartyorprincipal,respectively.Uponreceiptofthenotice,thethirdpartyortheprincipalisnolongerentitledtorenderperformancetotheintermediary.第3:302至3:303条规定的权利的行使，要求须向中间人以及向第三人或委托人分别发出行使此权利的意思的通知。在接到通知之后，第三人或委托人不再有权向中间人进行履行。-VALIDITY第四章有效性-MattersnotCovered第4:101条：未受规制的事项ThisChapterdoesnotdealwithinvalidityarisingfromillegality,immoralityorlackofcapacity.本章没有规定因不合法、不道德或缺乏能力而发生的无效。-InitialImpossibility第4:102条:自始不能Acontractisnotinvalidmerelybecauseatthetimeitwasconcludedperformanceoftheobligationassumedwasimpossible,orbecauseapartywasnotentitledtodisposeoftheassetstowhichthecontractrelates.仅仅由于合同成立时所负债务的履行不能或由于一方当事人无权处分合同关涉的财产，合同并不无效。ThesePrincipleswillapplywhenthepartieshaveagreedtoincorporatethemintotheircontractorthattheircontractistobegovernedbythem.如果当事人已约定将本原则订入其合同或者其合同受本原则的规制，本原则即予适用。ThesePrinciplesmaybeappliedwhentheparties:(a)haveagreedthattheircontractistobegovernedby'generalprinciplesoflaw7,thelexmercatoria,orthelike;or(b)havenotchosenanysystemorrulesoflawtogoverntheircontract.当事人于符合下列条件时，可适用本原则：1.约定其合同受"法的一般原则”、〃商人法”或类似者之规制时；或者2.没有选择任何法律制度或者法律规则规制其合同。ThesePrinciplesmayprovideasolutiontotheissueraisedwherethesystemorrulesoflawapplicabledonotdoso.当可得适用的法律制度或法律规则对所产生的问题未提供解决方案时，本原则得作为一种解决方案。-Freedomofcontract第1:102条:合同自由Partiesarefreetoenterintoacontractandtodetermineitscontents,subjecttotherequirementsofgoodfaithandfairdealing,andthemandatoryrulesestablishedbythesePrinciples.当事人可以自由缔结合同并决定其内容，但要符合诚实信用和公平交易,以及由本原则确立的强制性规则。ThepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofanyofthePrinciplesorderogatefromorvarytheireffects,exceptasotherwiseprovidedbythesePrinciples.当事人可以排除本原则的适用或者背离或变更其效力，除非本原则另有规定。-MandatoryLaw第1:103条:强制上去Wheretheotherwiseapplicablelawsoallows,thepartiesmaychoosetohavetheircontractgovernedbythePrinciples,withtheeffectthatnationalmandatoryrulesarenotapplicable.在其他可得适用的法律亦允许之场合，当事人可以选择使其合同受本原则的规制，以使国内的强制性规则不能适用。Effectshouldneverthelessbegiventothosemandatoryrulesofnational,supranationalandinternationallawwhich,accordingtotherelevantrulesofprivateinternationallaw,areapplicableirrespectiveofthelawgoverningthecontract.依据有关国际私法规则，如国内的、超国家的以及国际的强制性规则能够适用时，则应赋予这些强制性规则以效力，而不管规制该合同的法律。-Applicationtoquestionsofconsent第1:104条：对同意之问题的适用TheexistenceandvalidityoftheagreementofthepartiestoadoptorincorporatethesePrinciplesshallbedeterminedbythesePrinciples.当事人对适用本原则的合意，其存在及生效应依本原则加以确定。Nevertheless,apartymayrelyuponthelawofthecountryinwhichithasitshabitualresidencetoestablishthatitdidnotconsentifitappearsfromthecircumstancesthatitwouldnotbereasonabletodeterminetheeffectofitsconductinaccordancewiththesePrinciples.然一方当事人可以依据它的惯常居所所在国的法律来证明它不同意,只要情况表明依据本原则确定它的行为的效力将是不合理的。-UsagesandPractices第1:105条：惯例与习惯做法Thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandbyanypracticetheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves.当事人受它们同意的惯例以及它们之间确立的习惯做法的拘束。Thepartiesareboundbyausagewhichwouldbeconsideredgenerallyapplicablebypersonsinthesamesituationastheparties,exceptwheretheapplicationofsuchusagewouldbeunreasonable.与当事人处于同样情形下的其他人通常会认为可得适用的惯例，当事人受其拘束，除非适用该惯例是不合理的。-InterpretationandSupplementation第1:106条：解释与补充ThesePrinciplesshouldbeinterpretedanddevelopedinaccordancewiththeirpurposes.Inparticular,regardshouldbehadtotheneedtopromotegoodfaithandfairdealing,certaintyincontractualrelationshipsanduniformityofapplication.本原则应本其目的予以解释和发展，特别是，应注意有必要促进诚实信用和公平交易、合同关系的确定性和适用的统一性。IssueswithinthescopeofthesePrinciplesbutnotexpresslysettledbythemaresofaraspossibletobesettledinaccordancewiththeideasunderlyingthePrinciples.Failingthis,thelegalsystemapplicablebyvirtueoftherulesofprivateinternationallawistobeapplied.对属于本原则范围之内但又未为本原则明确解决的问题，应尽可能地依照本原则所隐含的精神予以解决。如仍不能解决，则应适用依国际私法规则可以适用的法律制度。-ApplicationofthePrinciplesbyWayofAnalogy第1:107条：本原则的类推适用ThesePrinciplesapplywithappropriate