现在完成时讲解例题练习

....现在达成时先看几个例句：1.Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间。2.Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.他还没达成作业。3.Haveyoureadthisnovel?你看过这本小说吗？Yes,Ihave.是的，看过了。No,Ihaven’t.不，没看过。WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.我们已经学了两年英语了。5.Theyhaven’tseeneachothersince1998.自从1998年他们就没再见过面。一、组成:肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词否认式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.例：Ihaveworkedherefor3years.否认句：疑问句：回答：就划线部分提问：过去分词的组成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种：规则变化:a)一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed,如play---played，work---worked，water---watered,finish---finished等;b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变成i再加ed,carry---carriedstudy---studied等;c)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed如:stop---stopped，shop---shopped等。不规则变化：见一般过去时中间的不规则动词表二、用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间(房间现在是洁净的，不需要打扫了)Theyhaveleft.--他们已经走开了（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了（也就是说我现在不饿）2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。1/6....Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时3表示人曾有过或到当前为止从未有过的经历.Ihaveneverhadacar我从未有过汽车。Ihavebeentheretwice.我去过那两次了。三、标志词①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,for⑾since标志词的区别1.for+一段时间Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HehasstudiedEnglishfor3years.2.since+(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/从句(一般过去时)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.注3):短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间状语连用,自然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.采用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.2/6....3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否认句和疑问句。?Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经走开这里了。?Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经走开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）?Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父亲母亲写过信了吗？b）never是否认词，表示“素来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们素来没有去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？just用于句中,表示“刚才”Eg.I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?d.before在现在达成时中常用于句末,表示“从前”Eg.I’veseenitbefore.四、短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：①become,②begin,③buy,④borrow,⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。become→be,begin→beonborrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in，die→bedead,finish→beover,join→bein（beamemberof）leave→beaway(from),五、与一般过去时的用法比较3/6....1现在达成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在达成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种亲密联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只叙述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没相关系,强调的是过去的情况。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉词典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉词典。第一句用现在达成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉词典，现在他还有这本词典”。第二句用过去时只表达过去他买过一本英汉词典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本词典并未强调说明。2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(方才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.六、达成时辨析)have/hasgoneto，have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的区别have/hasgoneto:表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来have/hasbeento:表示某人曾经去过某地,但现在己经不在某地.Have/hasbeenin:某人在某地WhereisMike?---Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?-----Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.基础题1.Howlonghaveyou_____here?4/6....A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2.Mygrandpadied_____.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2D.myagewas63.Janehas_____toBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that5.TheSmiths_____inChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He_____theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto7._____readingthebookyet?A.HaveyoufinishedB.WereyoufinishingC.HadyoufinishedD.AreyoufinishingOurteam_____everymatchsofarthisyear,butwestillhavethreegamestoplay.A.waswinningB.haswonC.hadwonD.wins提高题1.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had3.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned--____youever_____totheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC,Do;goD.were;going5.Sinceyoudon’twanttogo,I_____alone.A.willgoB.goC.wentD.havegone6.He_____inShanghaiin196o.A.livesB.livedC.haslivedD.islivingRobert_____inEnglandafewweeksago.A.arrivesB.hasarrivedC.couldarriveD.arrivedHowlong_____inFujian?A.hashearrivedB.didhearriveC.hashebeenD.arrivedJack_____alettertohisparentsrecently.A.writesB.wroteC.writeD.haswritten10.Shehasbeenhere_____.A.after1978B.for1978C.in1978D.since19785/6....中考题1.--Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?--No,I_____tothebankalready.[2011]A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeen2.Sofarthisyear,manynewhouses_____inWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.[2011资阳]A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuiltMygrandmother_____alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.[2011]A.seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseenI_____manynewfriendssinceIcamehere.[2011]A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.havemade5.--Whywon'tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?--BecauseI_____ittwice.[2011襄阳]A.seeB.haveseenC.sawD.willsee6.--Where'syourfather,Tom?--He_____toChangsha.[2011永州]A.goesB.wentC.hasgone7.Mr.Whitecametoourschoolin2001,andsincethenhe_____usEnglish.[2011]A.teachesB.taughtC.hastaughtD.willteach8.--Chinadevelopssofast.--That'strue.