2011考研英语阅读新题型(7选5)模拟题解析

2011考研英语阅读新题型(7选5)模拟试题及分析Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutpreparingintheacademiccommunity.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.42Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownoting.43Therewerealsocrablikecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.44Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.45About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils,fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld.Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.答案详解41.【分析】[B]从试题前后的语义逻辑关系来看，试题前面的一段话表示的信息是Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow(只管这些动物是某些活到此刻的物种的先人，但有的动物却灭绝了，也就是说它们此刻已经没有后代后辈活在这个世界上)。试题的后边的句子表明的信息是Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago(有时这些石头能够将它们的表面显现出来，这样，除了颜色我们就能够对那些数百年前死掉的生物形成一个比较正确的印象)。从语义关系里看，前文中说动物灭绝了，暗含的意思是我们不可能获得这些动物的任何信息，尔后边的句子说我们能够对这些动物形成正确的印象，所以，前后文形成了显然的对照关系，四个选项中能够表达这类关系的，只有选项[B]。此题还能够采纳词汇的复现来确立正确答案，从试题后边的句子Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin来看，rocks的前面使用了定冠词the修饰，这表示rocks在前文中必定出现过，但我们观察第一段时发现，第一段中并无出现对于rocks的内容，所以能够确立，对于rocks的内容必定出此刻要填入的试题中。选项[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate中出现了动物的骨骼被保留在

therocks

中，变为化石的阐述，由此能够判断选项

[B]是正确答案。42.【分析】[F]此题出此刻一个段落的首句，从答题策略来看，应当要点看后文的表达，后文中water重复了两遍，说明这一信息是本段落的要点信息。同时这一信息很可能会在下上文中，即我们要填入的信息中出现复现词或同现词。对照选项，选项

[F]中出现了

lake，stream，river，sea等同类词汇，所以能够判断这一选项为正确答案。

此题最大的扰乱项为

[G]，因为[G]项一开始就有

howfossilsatepreserved

与下文

Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

所表达的内容从形式上来看仿佛是符合的

;可是[G]项后边讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织(organism)可能转达化成几种形式而此题空白处后边的内容则告诉人们Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction(岩石中几乎全部的化石都是因为水作用而被保留下来)，语义上主要说明泥沙对于化石保留下来所起的作用，所以二者在语义的连接上是不连接的。43.【分析】[E]此题选择的特点词是“also。”“also表”并列关系，语义上对前文进行增补和说明，这就证明此题前面的句子中应当与also后的crablikecreatures(近似螃蟹的生物)相并列的内容，或许出现了相关“近似螃蟹的生物”的描绘的信息。比较选项能够发现，选项[E]中出现的信息Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesealilies,relationsofthestarfishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks描绘了一些生物拥有“近似螃蟹的信息”：hadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorock(有长腕且经过长柄附着于海床或岩石上)。所以，选项[E]是正确答案。44.【分析】[A]下文一开始就出现了指示代词these，这说明试题前面的句子表示了一类事物，也就是说，试题部分应当有“some,several,many或类”似的词，对照答案只好是选项[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.里面出现了manydifferentkindsof，这个短语和后边的指示代词these形成了对应关系。45.【分析】[C]从文章的整体构造看，这里需要一个内容的“热潮”：前面几段讲的都是动物不停的进化过程，而下文中表示时间的短语“About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasover很可”能向我们传达了这样一个信息：文章对地球上动物进化过程的描绘很有可能是依据时间次序的，所以此题所在的段落和下边的段落很可能存在时间上的持续关系，即此题所在的段落很可能会提到比75millionyearsago更早的时间。经过对照选项可知选项[C]中的两个表示时间的短语375millionyears和150millionyears和下一个段落中提到的时间状语拥有了持续性，是正确答案。别的，还能够