2021-2022年浙江省宁波市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2021-2022年浙江省宁波市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Flyingbridgemeansagoodcommunicationstyle.thatmadethescientificarticleseasytoberead.

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2.

Whenyouaremeasuringyourwork,youshouldconsiderthatifthereissomeoneatworkwhoencouragesyourdevelopmentandtalkstoyouabout______.

3.

Newton'ssecondlawofmotionsaysforceequals______,multipliedbythechangeinspeeditproducesinanobject.

4.Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVRN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

WhatWillBe

We'venowacknowledgedsomefundamentalancienthumanfumesandthewaystheywillaffectandbeaffectedbytheInformationMarketplace.ItistimetoconsiderthegreatestchangesthattheInformationMarketplacehastooffer.Togettoit,let'sreconstructthekeydiscoverieswehavemade,whichtogetherdescribe"whatwillbe."

Webeganwithasimplebutfur-reachingmodelofthefutureworldofinformationasanInformationMarketplace,wherepeopleandtheircomputerswillbuy,sell,andfreelyexchangeinformation.OurfirstdiscoverywasthatthisInformationMarketplacecanindeedbebuiltonatechnologicalfoundation:theinformationsystem.Wewentontoexplorethemanyhuman-ma-chineinterfacespeoplewillusetogetinandoutofthisnewedifice,fromvirtualrealityandfancybodysuitstothelowlykeyboard,andsingledoutspeechinterfacesasperhapsthemostsignificantandimminent.Weexploredthepipesthatwillcarryourinformationandthewayswewillbendthemtogiveusthespeed,reliability,andsecurityweneed.Wealsosawhowavastarrayofnewsharedsoftwaretoolswillevolveonthissystem,shiftingtheattentionoftheentiresoftwarebusinessfromindividualtointerconnectedcomputers.Thearrivalofthisfoundationiscertain,butitcouldbedelayedbyadecadeormoreifthekeyplayerscontinuetheirwarsforcontrolandtheirindifferencetowardthesharedsystemtheyallneed.Wesawtoothattherewon'tbejustahandfulofwinnersthatwillsurvivethesewars;thefieldisvast,rich,andfullofchallengesforalmosteverysupplierandconsumerofinformationtobeawinner.

OursecondmajordiscoverywasthattheInformationMarketplacewilldramaticallyaffectpeopleandorganizationsonawidescale.Besidesitsmanyusesincommerce,officework,andmanufacturing,itwillalsoimprovehealthcare,providenewwaystoshop,enableprofessionalandsocialencountersacrosstheglobe,andgenerallypermeatethethousandsofthingswedointhecourseofourdailylives.Itwillhelpuspursueoldandnewpleasures,anditwillencouragenewartforms,whichmaybecriticizedbutwillmoveartforward,asnewtoolshavealwaysdone.Itwillalsoimproveeducationandtraining,firstinspecificandestablishedwaysandlaterthroughbreakthroughsthatareconfidentlyawaited.Humanorganizationsfromtinycompaniestoentirenationalgovernmentswillbenefittoo,becausesomuchoftheworktheydoisinformationwork.

Puttingallthesedetailedusesinperspective,wecametorealizethattheyaredifferentfacesoftwomajornewforces:electronicbulldozersandelectronicproximity.Eachhasbroadconsequencesforsociety.Theelectronicbulldozers'effectisprimarilyeconomic,increasinghumanproductivityinbothourpersonallivesandtheworkplace.Therapid,widespreaddistributionofinformationintheform.ofinfo-nouns(text,photos,sounds,video)andespeciallyinfo-verbs(humanandmachineworkoninformation)isonesimplewayinwhichproductivitywillincrease.Automatizationistheotherpowerfuleffector;machine-to-machineexchangeswilloff-loadhumanbrainworkthewaymachinesofthe

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5.

Peopletendtousecaloriewhenreferringtofoodkilocalorie.

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6.Themassiveinvestmentputintotheconstructinghugedraggersresultedin______.

A.moreeconomicdisasterareasinNewfoundland

B.therecoveryofthemarineecosystem

C.theimprovementoffishingpractices

D.thedevastatingfishing

7.

Ifyouwanttoanswerthe12questionshonestly,youshouldknowwhatmakesyounotblindlyblameyourdepartmentfor______.

8.

Inhistoricalrecord,waterusedemandcaused______.

9.GlobalWarming

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION

Globalwarmingincreasesintheaveragetemperatureoftheatmosphere,oceans,andland-massesofEarth.Theplanethaswarmedmanytimesduringthe4.65billionyearsofitshistory.AtpresentEarthappearstobefacingarapidwarming,whichmostscientistsbelieveresults,atleastinpart,fromhumanactivities.Thechiefcauseofthiswarmingisthoughttobetheburningoffossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas,whichreleasesintotheatmospherecarbondioxideandothersubstancesknownasgreenhousegases.Astheatmospherebecomesricherinthesegases,itbecomesabetterinsulator,retainingmoreoftheheatprovidedtotheplanetbytheSun.

TheaveragesurfacetemperatureofEarthisabout15Celsiusdegree.Overthelastcentury,thisaveragehasrisenbyabout0.6Celsiusdegree.Scientistspredictfurtherwarmingof1.4to5.8Celsiusdegreesbytheyear2100.Thistemperatureriseisexpectedtomeltpolaricecapsandglaciersaswellaswarmtheoceans,allofwhichwillexpandoceanvolumeandraisesealevelbyanestimated9to100cm,floodingsomecoastalregionsandevenentireislands.Someregionsinwarmerclimateswillreceivemorerainfallthanbefore,butsoilswilldryoutfasterbetweenstorms.Thissoildesiccationmaydamagefoodcrops,disruptingfoodsuppliesinsomepartsoftheworld.Plantandanimalspecieswillshifttheirrangestowardthepolesortohigherelevationsseekingcoolertemperatures,andspeciesthatcannotdosomaybecomeextinct.Thepotentialconsequencesofglobalwarmingaresogreatthatmanyoftheworld'sleadingscientistshavecalledforinternationalcooperationandimmediateactiontocounteracttheproblem.

Ⅱ.THEGREENHOUSEEFFECT

TheenergythatlightsandwarmsEarthcomesfromtheSun.Mostoftheenergythatfloodsontoourplanetisshort-waveradiation,includingvisiblelight.WhenthisenergystrikesthesurfaceofEarth,theenergychangesfromlighttoheatandwarmsEarth.Earth'ssurface,inturn,releasessomeofthisheataslong-waveinfraredradiation.

Muchofthislong-waveinfraredradiationmakesitallthewaybackouttospace,butaportionremainstrappedinEarth'satmosphere.Certaingasesintheatmosphere,includingwatervapor,carbondioxide,andmethane,providethetrap.AbsorbingandreflectinginfraredwavesradiatedbyEarth,thesegasesconserveheatastheglassinagreenhousedoesandarethusknownasgreenhousegases.Astheconcentrationofthesegreenhousegasesintheatmosphereincreases,moreheatenergyremainstrappedbelow.AlllifeonEarthreliesonthisgreenhouseeffectwithoutit,theplanetwouldbecolderbyabout33Celsiusdegrees,andicewouldcoverEarthfrompoletopole.However,agrowingexcessofgreenhousegasesinEarth'satmospherethreatenstotipthebalanceintheotherdirectiontowardcontinualwarming.

Ⅲ.TYPESOFGREENHOUSEGASES

Greenhousegasesoccurnaturallyintheenvironmentandalsoresultfromhumanactivities.Byfarthemostabundantgreenhousegasiswatervapor,whichreachestheatmospherethroughevaporationfromoceans,lakes,andrivers.

Carbondioxideisthenextmostabundantgreenhousegas.Itflowsintotheatmospherefrommanynaturalprocesses,suchasvolcaniceruptions;therespirationofanimals,whichbreatheinoxygenandexhalecarbondioxide;andtheburningordecayoforganicmatter,suchasplants.Carbondioxideleavestheatmospherewhenitisabsorbedintooceanwaterandthroughthephotosynthesisofplants,especiallytrees.Photosynthesisbreaksupcarbondioxide,releasingoxygenintotheatmosphereandincorporatingthecarbonintonewplanttissue.

Humansescalatetheamountofcarbondioxidereleasedtotheatmospherewhentheyburnfossilfuels,solidwastes,andwoodandwoo

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10.Eachfederalurbansearch-and-rescuetaskforceismadeupofatleast60members.

11.

Onlyverticaldisplacementofoceanfloorcausedbyearthquakesgeneratestsunamis.

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12.Theauthofeels______abouthumanity'sfinalvictoryinthecentury-oldbattleagainstback-pain.

13.

Peopleareveryinterestedin______inthevirtualworld,whichmakethemfeelasifinarealworld,inspiteofthetechglitches.

14.

______wouldremindthetouristsoftheuntimelydeathofamodemU.S.president.

15.Bullying(欺凌弱小者)atSchool:TacklingtheProblem

A.Abroaddefinitionofbullyingiswhenastudentisrepeatedlyexposedtonegativeactionsofthepartofoneormoreotherstudents.Thesenegativeactionscantaketheform.ofphysicalcontact,verbalabuse,ormakingfacesandrudegestures.Spreadingrumorsandexcludingthevictimfromagrouparealsocommonforms.Bullyingalsoentailsanimbalanceinstrengthbetweenthebulliesandvictim,whatexpertscallanasymmetricpowerrelationship.

B.Bullyingamongschoolchildreniscertainlyaveryoldphenomenon,thoughitwasnotuntiltheearly1970sthatitwasmadetheobjectofsystematicresearch.ThoughthisresearchoriginallyfocusedonScandinavia,bythe1980sbullyingamongschoolchildrenhadattractedwiderattentionincountriessuchasAustralia,Canada,Japan,theNetherlands,theUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.

C.Thesurveysofmorethan150,000studentsshowthatsome15%ofpupilsinelementaryandlowersecondary/juniorhighschools,roughlycorrespondingtoages7to16,inScandinaviaareinvolvedinbully/victimproblemswithsomeregularity--eitherasbullies,victimsorboth.Approximately9%arevictims,and7%bullyotherstudentswithsomeregularity.Arelativelysmallproportion(15%-20%)ofthevictimsarethemselvesbulliesofotherpupils.Thesefiguresprobablyunderestimatetheproblem,andthereareindicationsthatthelevelofbullyinghasrisenoverthelast10--15years.Moreworrying,itisthemorefrequentandsevereformsofbullyingthathaveincreasedmost.

D.Scandinaviaisclearlynotthestablerockofpeaceandcalmitisoftenportrayedtobe.Still,bullyingmaybemoreprevalentinothercountries.Forexample,oneBritishstudyofover6,700studentsshowsthatmorethanaquarter(27%)ofprimaryschoolstudentsreportedbeingbulliedwithsomeregularity;thisfigurewas10%forsecondaryschoolstudents.Withregardtobullyingotherstudents,correspondingfigureswere12%forprimaryand6%forsecondaryschoolstudents.

E.Thesearetherawdata,butwhataboutthebackground?Thereisconsiderableresearchliteratureonthecharacteristics,familybackgrounds,long-termoutcomesforvictimsandbullies,mechanismsandgroupprocessesinvolved.Fundamentally,bullyinghastobeseenasacomponentofmoregenerallyantisocialandrule-breakingbehavior.Inotherstudies,some35%to40%ofboyswhowerecharacterizedasbulliesinGrades6to9(ages13to16)hadbeenconvictedofatleastthreeofficiallyregisteredcrimesbytheageof24.Incontrast,thiswastrueofonly10%ofboyswhowerenotclassifiedasbullies.Inotherwords,formerschoolbullieswerefourtimesmorelikelythanotherpupilstoengageinrelativelyseriouscrime.

F.Thereareseveralcommonassumptionsaboutthecausesofschoolbullyingforwhichthereisnosupportingevidence.Theyincludeclaimsthatbullyingisaconsequenceoflargeclassorschoolsizes,orofthecompetitionforgradesandotherpressuresthatschoolgenerates.Anothercommonassumptionisthatunderatoughsurfacebullies,infact,sufferfrompoorself-esteemandinsecurity.Theseviewsarenomoreaccuratethanthestereotypethatstudentswhoarefat,red-hairedandwearglassesareparticularlylikelytobecomevictimsofbullying.

G.Inreality,otherfactorsaremoreimportant.Certainpersonalitycharacteristicsandtypicalreactionpatterns,combinedwiththelevelofphysicalstrengthorweaknessinthecaseofboys,canhelptoexplainthedevelopmentofbullyingproblemsinindividualstudents.Atthesametime,environmentalinfluences,suchasteachers'attitudes,behavior.andsupervisoryroutinesplayacrucialroleindeterminingtheextenttowhichtheseproblemswillmanifestthemselvesinaclassroomoraschool.

H.

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16.

Worldpopulationbefore1900increasedslowly,at0.002percentperyear,or20permillioninhabitants.

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17.

Inflammatoryheadacheswilloccurwhenmucuscannotflowfreelythroughthesinusesandcausestoomuchstresson______.

18.

MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmentalaffairsandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinearlierthisyearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplaceto______.

19.

______firstmadeMarkTwainknownalloverthecountry.

20.

Manypeopleexpectedthemedicinestheytooktobesafewhenthemedicinescostalot.

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二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Inabout45years,temperaturesonEarthwillbehotterthanatanytimeduringthepastonemillionyears,saystheU.S.【B1】______topclimatologistinanewreport【B2】______today.

Accordingtothereport,publishedinthe【B3】______oftheNationalAcademyofSciences,theplanetisjusttwodegreesshyofan【B4】______temperatureof59degreesFahrenheit,whichiswhatthey【B5】______thetemperaturewasaboutamillionyearsago.

NASA'sJamesHansen,alongwith【B6】______fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandColumbiaUniversity,areforthefirsttime,markinga【B7】______signalingtheapproachoftemperaturesthathumanshavenever【B8】______"HumansarenowincontroloftheEarth'sclimate,forbetterorworse,"Hansensays.

【B9】______

Whatthattemperaturechangemeansisthatbymid-century,theworldwillexperienceevenmorerecordheatwaves,wildfires,moreintensestormsandflooding.Inotherpartsoftheworld,【B10】______

Hansenstresseswecan'twaitthatlongtocutgreenhousegaspollution,becauseofthedecadesittakesfortheclimatesystemtorespondtochanges.【B11】______

【B1】

22.

【B8】

23.听力原文：Today,airtravelisfarsaferthandrivingacaronabusymotorway.Butthereisadangerthatgrowseveryyear.Fromthemomentanairplanetakesofftothemomentitlands,everymovementiswatchedonradarscreens.Airtrafficcontrollerstellthepilotexactlywhentoturn,whentoclimbandWhentocomedown.Theairtrafficcontrollersaroundabusyairportmayhandle1,000planesaday.Anyplanethatfliesneartheairportcomesundertheordersofthecontrollersthere.Evenasmallmistakeontheirpartcouldcauseadisaster.Recently,suchadisasteralmosthappened.Twolargejetswereflyingtowardstheairport.Onewascarrying69passengersandhadcomefromToronto.Theotherwascarrying167passengersfromChicago.Anairtrafficcontrollernoticedonhisradarscreenthatthetwoplanesweretooclosetoeachother.Heorderedonetoturntotherightandtoclimb,buthemadeamistake.Heorderedthewrongplanetodothis.So,insteadofturningawayfromthesecondplane,thefirstplaneturnedtowardsit.Fifteensecondslater,itflewdirectlyinfrontofthesecondplane.Theyavoidedeachotherbythesmallestpartofasecond.Thedistancebetweenthemwaslessthanthatofalargeswimmingpool.Thisisanexampleofthedangerthatgrowseveryyear.

(30)

A.Crowdedairtraffic.

B.Thelargesizeofairplanes.

C.Mistakesbyairtrafficcontrollers.

D.Badweather.

24.听力原文：W:Ican'tunderstandwhyKathydidn'tatleasttelephoneme.

M:Shedid!Didn'tItellyou?Shesaidshewasverysorryshecouldn'tcomefordinner,buthopedtobeabletonexttimeshecametotown.

Q:WhatdidthemansayaboutKathy?

(15)

A.Shedidn'tcalltoexplainatall.

B.Shedidn'tliketocomefordinner.

C.Shedidn'thavetimetomakethecall.

D.Shehopedtocomefordinnernexttime.

25.(34)

A.Becausetheviolinwastooexpensive.

B.Becausetheviolinwastoobigforher.

C.Becauseshewastooyoungtoplaytheviolin.

D.Becausehermotherwantedhertoplaythepiano.

26.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:Thereisadirectflightat10o'clockoraflightat2thisafternoonthatstopsoverinSanFrancisco.

M:IthinkI'dratherhavetheearlieronesoIcangotoworktomorrow.

Q:Whatrelationshipdothesepeoplehave?

(12)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Doctorandnurse.

C.Salesclerkendcustomer.

D.Airlineagentandcustomer.

27.(19)

A.Heisnotveryinterestedinworking.

B.He'llworkeventhoughhedoesn'twantto.

C.Hedoesn'tneedmuchmoney.

D.Hecouldonlyworkpartofthesummer.

28.(13)

A.Theeffectsoftheflood.

B.Thepricesoffruitsandvegetables.

C.Thecauseoftheflood.

D.Floodsofthepasttwentyyears.

29.

【B5】

30.【B9】

31.(29)

A.Theyaremorelikelytodamagethecave.

B.It'shardforthemtostayawake.

C.Theytendtobreaktheirequipment.

D.Theymayimagineseeingthingsthataren'treallythere.

32.

【B3】

33.(22)

A.Goseethelandlord.

B.Gotocourt.

C.Moveout.

D.Getpartoftheirdepositback.

34.【B1】

35.听力原文：M:Hi,Diana.MindifIsitdown?

W:Notatall,Jack.Howhaveyoubeen?

M:Good.ButI'msurprisedtoseeyouonthecitybus.Yourcarintheshop?

W:No.I'vejustbeenthinkingalotabouttheenvironmentlately.SoIdecidedtheairwillbealotcleanerifweallusepublictransportationwhenwecould.

M:I'msureyouareright.Thedieselbusisn'texactlypollutionfree.

W:True.Butthey'llberunningalotcleanersoon.Wewerejusttalkingaboutthatinmyenvironmentalengineeringclass.

M:What'sthecitygonnado?Installpollutionfiltersofsomesortontheirbuses?

W:Theycould,butthosefiltersmaketheenginesworkharderandreallycutdownonfuelefficiency.Insteadtheyfoundawaytomaketheirenginesmoreefficient.

M:How?

W:Well,thereisamaterialcalledconiineoxide.It'sareallygoodinsulator.Andathickcoatofitgetsprayedoncertainpartoftheengine.

M:Aninsulator?

W:Well,yeah.Actually,whatitdoesisreflectbacktheheatofburningfuel.Sothefuelwillburnmuchhotterandburnupmorecompletely.

M:Soalotlessunburnedfuelcomesouttopollutetheair,right?

W:Yeah,andthebuswillneedlessfuel.Sowiththesavingsonfueloilcosts,theysaythiswillallpayforitselfinjustsixmonths.

M:Soundslikepeopleshouldallgooutandgetsomeofthisstufftosprayontheircarengines.

W:Well,it'snotreallythateasy.Yousee,normally,thematerialsarefinepowder.Tomeltitsoyoucansprayacoatofitontheengineparts,youfirsthavetoheatitover10,000degreesandthen,well,yougettheidea.It'snotsomethingyouorIwouldbeabletodoourselves.

(23)

A.Anewfuelforbuses.

B.Thecausesofairpollution.

C.Careersinenvironmentalengineering.

D.Awaytoimprovefuelefficiencyinbuses.

36.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：Acreditcardpermitsitsholderstobuygoodsorobtainserviceswithoutimmediatepayment.Possessionofacardidentifiestheowner,whocanobtainconsumercredit.Eachcardhasanaccountofnumberwhichisrecordedbytheseller,whosendsittoacentralbillingoffice.Theofficecalculatesthetotalpriceofpurchasesbythecardholderduringthemonthandsendshimabill.Thebuyersendshischecktothecentraloffice,whichallocatesthemoneytoestablishmentsextendingcredit.

CreditcardswereusedinsomeAmericanstoresduringthe1920s,buttheydidnotgainwideacceptance.In1938rivalAmericanoilcompaniesissuedthemtoconsumersandestablishedanationalpooltohonoreachcompany'scard.Thiswasthestartofthecreditcard'spopularity.

(27)

A.Tobuygoodsorobtainserviceswithoutimmediatepayment.

B.Tobuygoodsdirectlyfromacentralbillingoffice.

C.Toobtainserviceswithacheck.

D.Tobuygoodswithacheck.

37.

【B6】

38.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

WiththeassassinationofPresidentMcKinley,TheodoreRoosevelt,notquite43,becametheyoungestPresidentintheNation'shistory.HebroughtnewexcitementandpowertothePresidency,ashe(36)______ledCongressandtheAmericanpublictowardprogressive(37)______andastrongforeignpolicy.

HetooktheviewthatthePresidentshouldtakewhatever(38)______necessaryforthepublicgoodunlessexpressly(39)______bylawortheConstitution."Ididnot(40)______power,"hewrote,"butIdidgreatly(41)______theuseofexecutivepower."

Roosevelt'syouthdifferedsharplyfromthatofthelogcabinPresidents.HewasborninNewYorkCityin1858intoa(42)______family,buthetoostruggledagainstiiihealthandinhistriumphbecameanadvocateofthe(43)______life.AsPresident,Rooseveltheldtheidealthat(44)____________.

Roosevelt'sachievementsarenumerous.HewontheNobelPeacePrizeformediatingtheRusso—JapaneseWar,reachedaGentleman'sAgreementonimmigrationwithJapan,andsenttheGreatWhiteFleetonagoodwilltouroftheworld.Someofhismosteffectiveachievementswereinconservation.(45)____________.

LeavingthePresidencyin1909,RooseveltwentonanAfricanjourneyandthenjumpedbackintopolitics.WhilerunningforPresidentagain,hewasshotinthechest.(46)____________."NomanhashadahappierlifethanIhaveled;ahappierlifeineveryway."

39.(16)

A.Inadoctor'soffice.

B.Inaprofessor'soffice.

C.Inalawyer'soffice.

D.Inabusinessman'soffice.

40.(32)

A.Theimportanceofeducation.

B.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducation.

C.Theimportanceofeducation.

D.EducationandschoolinginAmerica.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Theeconomicdeclineforceswomentogiveupthedesirefor______athome.

42.

【C10】

43.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cross"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

44.

Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasaninfluenceonpeople'schoicesoffood?

A.Speedandpriceofthefood.

B.Diversityofthefood.

C.Tastesoftheconsumers.

D.Ageoftheconsumers.

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theattitudeofsometopmanagementusedtobe"Themachinebelongstothecompany;theworkerismadeforthemachine;or,theworkerbelongstothecompanyandexiststosatisfyitsneeds."Entertainingsuchaperspectivetodaywouldborderonlunacy(精神错乱),althoughmanagerscanbefoundwhoactasthoughtheystillprescribetoit.Thesimplefactisthatnoemployeeworksprimarilytosatisfytheneedsofanyorganization.Helaborsfirstandforemosttomeethisconcernforthewelfareofthefirm.Additionally,theleadersoonlearnstoaccepthispeopleashefindsthemratherthanashewouldlikethemtobe.Evenifheisunhappywiththeirperformance,heknowsthattheonlypossiblestartingpoint,forimprovement,iswheretheyareandastheyareatagiventime.

Fivefactsareattheheartofanymutualperceptionprocess.First,initialimpressionstendtobelastingaswellaserroneous,itisnecessarynotonlythatthemanageleaderperceivehispeopleaccuratelybutthathemakeiteasyforthemtoseehimasheiswithoutshamorflimflam(欺诈).

Second,apersonperceiveswhathelooksforandverylittleelse.Thismeansthatthemanagershouldemphasizethepositiveinsizinguphispeople.Ifheisawareoftheirlimitations,heisalsoconsciousofthefactthathewillnotmakemuchprogresswiththembyfocusingondeficiencies.Fartoomuchtimeiswastedinmostorganizationsonattemptstoeradicate'defects.Itwouldbewisertoconcentrateoncapitalizingonassetsandbuildingstrengths.

Third,needsgovernperceptions.Attheoutsetofanyrelationship,thereisboundtobesomeuncertaintyonbothsides.Ifheisanunframedpicturetohissubordinates,themanagerrealizesthattheyarenotsurejusthowtogoaboutrelatingtohim.Hisresponsibilityistobeauthenticinhisdealingswiththemandopentointeractionwiththem.Authenticityandopennessindealingwithhissubordinateswillhelpthemsatisfytheirneedtoknowwheretheystand,howtheyshouldrelatetohim,whatkindofpersonheis,andhowheintendstomanage.Thentheywillgetatruepictureofhimandhowheoperateswithoutwastingtimesecondguessingandplayinggameswithhim.

Thefourthfactisthatattitud