2021-2022年宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2021-2022年宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Americancultureandmedia,insomeWays,havehelpedtoenrichGermanculture.

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2.GlobalWarming

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTION

Globalwarmingincreasesintheaveragetemperatureoftheatmosphere,oceans,andland-massesofEarth.Theplanethaswarmedmanytimesduringthe4.65billionyearsofitshistory.AtpresentEarthappearstobefacingarapidwarming,whichmostscientistsbelieveresults,atleastinpart,fromhumanactivities.Thechiefcauseofthiswarmingisthoughttobetheburningoffossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas,whichreleasesintotheatmospherecarbondioxideandothersubstancesknownasgreenhousegases.Astheatmospherebecomesricherinthesegases,itbecomesabetterinsulator,retainingmoreoftheheatprovidedtotheplanetbytheSun.

TheaveragesurfacetemperatureofEarthisabout15Celsiusdegree.Overthelastcentury,thisaveragehasrisenbyabout0.6Celsiusdegree.Scientistspredictfurtherwarmingof1.4to5.8Celsiusdegreesbytheyear2100.Thistemperatureriseisexpectedtomeltpolaricecapsandglaciersaswellaswarmtheoceans,allofwhichwillexpandoceanvolumeandraisesealevelbyanestimated9to100cm,floodingsomecoastalregionsandevenentireislands.Someregionsinwarmerclimateswillreceivemorerainfallthanbefore,butsoilswilldryoutfasterbetweenstorms.Thissoildesiccationmaydamagefoodcrops,disruptingfoodsuppliesinsomepartsoftheworld.Plantandanimalspecieswillshifttheirrangestowardthepolesortohigherelevationsseekingcoolertemperatures,andspeciesthatcannotdosomaybecomeextinct.Thepotentialconsequencesofglobalwarmingaresogreatthatmanyoftheworld'sleadingscientistshavecalledforinternationalcooperationandimmediateactiontocounteracttheproblem.

Ⅱ.THEGREENHOUSEEFFECT

TheenergythatlightsandwarmsEarthcomesfromtheSun.Mostoftheenergythatfloodsontoourplanetisshort-waveradiation,includingvisiblelight.WhenthisenergystrikesthesurfaceofEarth,theenergychangesfromlighttoheatandwarmsEarth.Earth'ssurface,inturn,releasessomeofthisheataslong-waveinfraredradiation.

Muchofthislong-waveinfraredradiationmakesitallthewaybackouttospace,butaportionremainstrappedinEarth'satmosphere.Certaingasesintheatmosphere,includingwatervapor,carbondioxide,andmethane,providethetrap.AbsorbingandreflectinginfraredwavesradiatedbyEarth,thesegasesconserveheatastheglassinagreenhousedoesandarethusknownasgreenhousegases.Astheconcentrationofthesegreenhousegasesintheatmosphereincreases,moreheatenergyremainstrappedbelow.AlllifeonEarthreliesonthisgreenhouseeffectwithoutit,theplanetwouldbecolderbyabout33Celsiusdegrees,andicewouldcoverEarthfrompoletopole.However,agrowingexcessofgreenhousegasesinEarth'satmospherethreatenstotipthebalanceintheotherdirectiontowardcontinualwarming.

Ⅲ.TYPESOFGREENHOUSEGASES

Greenhousegasesoccurnaturallyintheenvironmentandalsoresultfromhumanactivities.Byfarthemostabundantgreenhousegasiswatervapor,whichreachestheatmospherethroughevaporationfromoceans,lakes,andrivers.

Carbondioxideisthenextmostabundantgreenhousegas.Itflowsintotheatmospherefrommanynaturalprocesses,suchasvolcaniceruptions;therespirationofanimals,whichbreatheinoxygenandexhalecarbondioxide;andtheburningordecayoforganicmatter,suchasplants.Carbondioxideleavestheatmospherewhenitisabsorbedintooceanwaterandthroughthephotosynthesisofplants,especiallytrees.Photosynthesisbreaksupcarbondioxide,releasingoxygenintotheatmosphereandincorporatingthecarbonintonewplanttissue.

Humansescalatetheamountofcarbondioxidereleasedtotheatmospherewhentheyburnfossilfuels,solidwastes,andwoodandwoo

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3.

Thealgaebloomsinsluggishrivers______oxygeninthewater.

4.

Informationtechnologywillbecomemoreandmoreimportantforhospitalsto______.

5.

Mostparentsadmithavingastrongpreferenceovertheolderchildbecausetheytendtobesadder.

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6.

Theauthorbelievesthatagoodknowledgeofgenderdifferencesinwaysoftalkingmighteventuallyleadto______.

7.

RosaParkswasthefirstblackpersontorefusetogiveupaseatonthebusforawhiteperson.

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8.

ByusingbarcodesdevelopedByWal-Mart,manufacturesenjoyedmoresaysoverretailers.

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9.

Theinequalitiesofmarriagereflect______.

10.

Manufacturesanalyzethebusinessofsellingandbuyingallthetime,thisiscalled______.

11.Athleteswhowinbronzemedalsarehappierbecausetheythink______.

A.theywouldhavewonthegoldmedalbyworkinghardalittle

B.theymighthavewonasilvermedaliftheyhadperformedalittlebetter

C.theyshouldwinthebronzemedalsincethey'dperformedverywell

D.theywouldhavelostthebronzemedalifthey'dperformedalittleworse

12.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingwhenwecan'tendureajob?

A.Changingtoanewinstitute.

B.Askingseniorcolleaguesforhelp.

C.Foundingasoundsocialnetwork.

D.Focusingmoreonpositiveoutcomes.

13.

Becausebeingawareofself-existenceisthepremiseofepisodicmemory,onlyhumanbeingshavesuchkindofmemory.

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14.

Physicaltroubles,suchas______,maybethereasonsforchildren'scomplaint.

15.

TheNOAAoftheU.S.setupthePacificTsunamiWarningCenterinthestateof______.

16.

TheEDSsystemisnotperfectinthatthemaglevtrainsmust______beforeleavingtheground.

17.

Whatdoyouknowabout“powerwalking”fromthepassage?

A.Itisakindwalkingpeopledointhepark.

B.Itmayburnmorecaloriesthanrunning.

C.Peoplewalkveryfasttobreakintoarun.

D.Thiskindofwalkingsetsapaceforrunning.

18.

Incollegesanduniversities,teachersdon'twantparrot-likestudents,buttheywanttohearstudents'______.

19.

Feverisa______toinfection,andnomajorproblemsgenerallycomefromfeveritself.

20.IsStressMakingYouFat?

TheTriggerThatCausestheMostTrouble

Ourancestorsatetosurvive.Theyatebecausetheywerehungryormaybetocelebrateavictoryoverawarringtribe.Weeatbecausewe'rehungry,too,butalsowhenwe'restressed,angry,bored,depressed,frustrated,andbusy.

Stressmayactuallybetheeatingtriggerthatcausesthemosttrouble.Manyofushavehighlevelsofchronicstress,whetherit'sfromwork,relationshiptroublesorto-doliststhatarelongerthanRoute66.Ourbodiesrespondtothisstressthesamewayourancestors'bodiesdid:triggering"fightorflight"chemicalsinthebrainthatleadtocalorieaccumulationandfatstorage.Butthedifferenceisthatwehaveplentyoffoodatourdisposal.Soweendupcontinuallyupgradingthesizeofourstorageunit.

Whenyouhavechronicstress,yourbodystepsupitsproductionofcortisol(皮质醇)andinsulin(胰岛素).Yourappetiteincreases,andsodothechancesyou'llengageineatingintheform.ofhigh-caloriesweetsandfats.That,inturn,makesyoustoremorefat,pumpingevenmoreofitintotheliver.Thiscreatesaresistancetoinsulin,whichmakesyousecrete(分泌)moreinsulintocompensate.Andthatmakesyouhungrierthanamuzzledwolf.

Whenyoutrytocombatstresswithfood,youactivatetherewardcenterofyourbrain.Butafterthatinitialfeelgoodsystemwearsoff,you'llreachagainforthesamethingthatmadeyoufeelgood,calmandrelaxedinthefirstplace:morefood.That'swhyit'samyththatovereatingistriggeredmainlybyextremehunger.It'samyththatcravingsaredictatedbyourtastebuds.Andit'samyththatwecanresisttemptationsifwejustputourmindstoit.

Yourgoal:tokeepyourfeel-goodhormones(荷尔蒙)level.Thatwillprovideasteadystateofsatisfactionsothatyouneverexperiencethosehugehormonalhighsandlowsthatmakeyousearchforgood-for-your-brain,bad-for-your-bellyfoods.Thefollowingtipswillhelp.

MakeFoodsWorkinYourFavor

Foodshavedifferenteffectsonyourstomach,yourbloodandyourbrain.Herearesomethatmayhelpyourhungerandthebrainchemicalsthataffectit.

Fishandwalnutsarerichinfattyacids,whichhavelongbeenknownascholesterolclearers.Butthey'vealsobeenshowntohelpwithdepressioninpregnantwomen.Depressioncontributestoemotionalovereating.Eatingfoodsthatcontainthefattyacidsmayhelpliftourspirits.

Greenteacontainscatechins(儿茶酚),thoughttoinhibitthebreakdownoffatsaswellastheproductionofasubstancethatcantriggerhunger.Onestudyshowsthatdrinkingthreeglassesofgreenteaadaycanhelpyoureducebodyweightbyalmostfivepercentinthreemonths.

SleepYourselfSlim

Whenyourbodydoesn'tgettheseventoninehoursofsleepitneedseverynighttobecomerefreshed,itlooksforotherwaystocompensateforyourbrainnotsecretingthenormalamountsoffeel-goodchemicals.Howdoesittypicallydothis?Bycravingsugaryfoodsthatwillgiveyouanimmediatereleaseofthesechemicals.

Thelackofsleepthrowsoffyourentiresystem.Itcanbecomeanevenbiggerfactorasyouage.Somakesureyougetenoughshut-eye.Itcanhelpkeepyouthin.

Variety:TheSpiceofLife?

Varietymaybethespiceoflife,butitcanalsoleadtoovereating.Whenyouhavealotofchoicesforameal,it'seasiertoslipoutofgoodeatinghabitsandintobadones.Whenyousitdownatadinnerandarepresentedwithamenuthat'sthesizeofaphonebook,it'seasytogivein.

Onewaytohelp:Eliminatethechoicesforatleastonemealaday.Pickthemealyourushthroughmost.Formostpeople,it'slunch.Sofindahealthylunchyoureallylike-saladwithchickenandoliveoil,orturkeyonwhole-grainbread—andhav

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二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：W:WethinkJasonBeckerisincredible.Iwaswondering,whatareyourthoughtsaboutJasenBecker?

M:IthinkheisoneofthegreatestguitariststhateverwalktheEarthandoneofmybiggestinfluencesanditsaddensmegreatlywheneverIthinkofhiscurrentcondition.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(16)

A.JasonBecketisnotinconditionrecently.

B.HismusicinfluencedjasonBeckergreatly.

C.JasonBecket'smusicisoftensaddening.

D.JasonBeckerhasreleasedanewalbumcalledEarth.

22.(38)

23.听力原文：W：Iwasahalf-hourlateforProfessorHarrison'slecturethismorning．Couldyoulendmeyournotes，Jim?

M：Sure.Butyouwon'tfindanythinginmynotes.YouknowIamalwaysabsent-mindedinhisclasses．

Q：Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

(17)

A.Jim'snotesarenotverygood.

B.ProfessorHarrisondoesn'tteachwell.

C.Jim'snotesaregoodforthewomantoborrow.

D.Thewomanshouldhavecometothelectureearlier.

24.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:DoyouhaveanaddresswhereIcanwritetoyou?

M:No,I'llbeoffcampinginthemountainsmostofthetime.Butifyouwritetomeatmyuncle'shouse,he'llholdmymailuntilIgetthere.

Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydo?

(12)

A.Campinthemountains.

B.Stayathisownhouse.

C.Writetohisgirlfriend.

D.Holdhisuncle'smails.

25.

【B4】

26.(24)

A.Ithasbeenthebestsellerforweeks.

B.Itadvisespeopletochangethemselves.

C.Itisbeingsoldatavery,lowprice.

D.Itdistinguishesco-operators.

27.(36)

A.Asupporteroffreeglobaltrade.

B.AmemberoftheFoodCommission.

C.AsupporterofFirstWorldfoodmarkets.

D.Amemberofanenergydevelopmentgroup.

28.听力原文：Botany,thestudyofplants,occupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Formanythousandsofyearsitwastheonefieldofawarenessaboutwhichhumansbadanythingmorethanthevaguestofinsights.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplants,butfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexist,adetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Thisislogical.

Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthings,evenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeople,notonlyforfood,butalsoforclothing,weapons,tools,dyes,medicines,shelter,andagreatmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejunglesoftheAmazonrecognizeliterallyhundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothem,botany,assuch,hasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchof"knowledge"atall.

Unfortunately,themoreindustrializedwebecome,thefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants,andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryoneunconsciouslyhasanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledge,andfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearose,anapple,oranorchid.OurNeolithicancestors,livingintheMiddleEastabout10,000yearsago,discoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseason.Thatwasthefirstgreatstepinanewassociationbetweenplantsandanimals.Grainsworediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.

(30)

A.Botanyisaveryancientlearning.

B.PeopleintheStoneAgeknewalotaboutplants.

C.PeopleintheStoneAgeknewlittleaboutplants.

D.Pre-industrialsocietieshavelittleinsightsaboutplants.

29.听力原文：M:You'renotstillwatchingtelevision,areyou?

W:Ienjoyyourtelevision--I'llhavetowatchlotsmorewhileI'mhere.Thecamera-workwasverygood.Itlookedliketheworkofrealexperts.Er...howlonghastelevisionbeengoinginBritain?

M:Oh,since1936.

W:Ah!

M:OnlyintheLondonareaatthattime,though.Therewasn'tanytelevisionduringtheSecondWorldWar.Itstartedupagainafterwards.TheBBCwastheorganizationresponsibleforit.

W:WhatdotheinitialsBBCstandfor?

M:BritishBroadcastingCorporation.It'sapubliccorporation.Itisn'tcontrolledbythegovernment,butit'snotaprivatecompanyeither.Thatmeansthatthegovernmentcan'tusetheBBCforpropagandapurpose,andnorcanprivateindividualsorfirms.

W:Isthereanyadvertising?

M:NotontheBBC,ITVgetsitsmoneyfromadvertising,though.

W:ITV?

M:ITVstandsforIndependentTelevision.Itwasstartedin1954againintheLondonarea.Itcoversthewholecountrynow,though.

W:Whatdopeoplethinkoftheadvertisementsontelevision?

M:Itdepends.Alotofpeoplethinkit'sagoodideabecauseitmeansthattelevisioncanpayitsway--theITVgetsallitsmoneyfromtheadvertisements.

W:WhatabouttheBBC?

M:YouhavetopayaTVlicenseof￡7ayearthatgoestotheBBC.Or￡12forcolor.Alotofpeopledon'tlikehavingtopayandwishthattherewereadvertisementsontheBBCtoo.Ontheotherhand,otherpeoplehateTVadvertisingbecausetheythinkit'saninsulttotheirintelligence.

(20)

A.Therewastelevision,butnotinLondon.

B.TherewasnotelevisionanywhereinEngland.

C.Therewastelevision,butonlyintheLondonarea.

D.TherewastelevisionsomewhereinBritain.

30.(15)

A.Themanenjoyedthemovieverymuch.

B.ThemansawahorrormovielastSaturday.

C.Thewomanaskedthemantobecarefulatnight.

D.Thewomanwenttotheshowwiththeman.

31.(45)

32.(16)

A.Heislookingforajob.

B.Heislookingathisgirlfriend.

C.Heisbuyingsomethingforhisgirlfriend.

D.Heisintroducinghimself.

33.

【B2】

34.

【B6】

35.

【B3】

36.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,or(36)______it.

Agrantedpatentistheresultofa(37)______struckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodof(38)______andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiod(39)______.

Onlyinthemost(40)______circumstancesisthelifespanofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.

Apatentremains(41)______publicafterithasterminated.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostof(42)______asearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor'srightistostealanduseadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherform.permanently(43)______furtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.(44)____________.

Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmostnewideasare,infact,asoldasthehills.(45)____________thatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.

(46)____________.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.

37.(28)

A.TheywereprotectedbyastrongUnitedStatesNavy.

B.Theyweresupportedbyawell-developedrailroad.

C.Mostcrewmembershadexperienceonforeignships.

D.Aspartownersoftheships,captainsgotsomeoftheprofits.

38.听力原文：M:Howistheenergycontentoffoodmeasured?

W:It'smeasuredincalories.Thecalorieisdefinedastheheatenergyneededtoraisethetemperatureof1kilogramofwaterfrom14.5degreescentigradeto15.5degreescentigrade.

Q:Whatdoesthewomandefine?

(16)

A.Thekilogram.

B.Theenergycontent.

C.Heatenergyofwater.

D.Thecalorie.

39.听力原文：Idon'tthinkthereisanythingwrongwithyourblood.Thekeytoyourproblemisthatlongsleepafterdinner.

Ifyoudidn'tsleepforhoursduringtheearlypartoftheevening,youwouldbemorereadytosleepatbedtime,Ifyoudidn'tnapafterdinner,youwouldnotwanttostayupsolate,andyouwouldnotfeeltheneedtotakeasleepingpill.Thepillisstillworkinginyoursystemwhenyougetupinthemorning.Thishelpsaccountforthefactthatyoufeeltiredallday.

Youshouldgetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening.Rightafteryoureveningmeal,engageinsomesortofphysicalactivity--asportsuchasbowling,perhaps.Orgettogetherwithfriendsforaneveningofcardsandconversation.Thengotobedatyourusualtimeoralittleearlier,andyoushouldbeabletogetagoodnight'srestwithouttakingapill.

Ifyoucangetintothehabitofspendingyoureveningsthisway,Iamsureyouwillfeellessfiredduringtheday.Atfirstitmaybehardforyoutogotosleepwithouttakingapill.Ifso,getupandwatchtelevisionordosomejobsaroundyourhouseuntilyoufeelsleepy.Ifyoufallasleepandthenwakeupafewhourslater,getupbutdonottakeasleepingpill.Readawhileorlistentotheradio,andgetyourselfafewhours'sleepthatnight,youwillfeelbetterinthemorningthanyouusuallyfeelaftertakingapill.Thenextnightyouwillbereadytosleepatanearlierhour.

Themostimportantthingistoavoidtakingthatsleeprightafterdinnerandavoidtakingpills.

(33)

A.Becauseyougetthehabitofstayinguplate.

B.Becauseyouhaven'ttakensleepingpills.

C.Becauseyousleepforhoursafterdinner.

D.Becauseyoufailtodosomeexercises.

40.听力原文：W:Hey!(19)Yougotanewtelevision.

M:Yeah!Itwasdeliveredyesterday.Whatdoyouthinkofit?

W:It'shuge.Itpracticallytakesuptheentiresideoftheroom.

M:Iknow.Youdon'tthinkit'swell,doyou?

W:Ididn'tsaythat.Imean,ifyouenjoyit,whynot?WhathappenedtoyouroldTV,anyhow?

M:ItjuststoppedworkinglastFriday.Itwasprettyoldanddidn'tworkwell.IthoughtIcanaffordit.Whynotgetanewone?

W:Itmusthavebeenexpensive?

M:Well,notasmuchasyoumightthink.Igotitonsalefor50%off.

W:Really?Where?

M:AtthestereocityonRoute20.YouknowatfirstIjustwantedtoreplacewhatIhad.ATVofaboutthesamesizeandquality.Butthesalesmantherewaspushingthesebecauseofthe50%off.

W:Yeah.But50%offwhat?

M:2,400dollars.

W:Youspent$1,200onaTV?

M:It'sgotalotofspecialfeatures.Lookatthisremotecontrol.

W:I'msure.Butthat'sstillalotofmoneyforatelevision.Idon'tthinkyouwatchTVthatmuch.

M:WelI,Idon't.(21)DeyouthinkIoughttoreturnit?IfIdoitwithinaweekofpurchase,Icangetmymoneyback.

W:(21)Honestly,yes.(20)IthinkyououghttoreaduponTV'sfirstandchoosethemodelyouwantbeforeyougotothestore.Thatwayyouwillgetwhatyouwant.

M:(21)Ithinkyouareright.

(20)

A.Apopulartelevisionprogram.

B.Abreakthroughintechnology.

C.Arecentpurchase.

D.Anewelectronicsstore.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Themainpointofthispassageis______.

A.Evolutionofspeech

B.Darwin'slawofnaturalselection

C.Progressofhumanbrains

D.Evolutionofhumanintelligence

42.

【C9】

43.Itisforbiddenthatvisitors______.

A.takepicturesofthescenes

B.pickflowersinthegardens

C.haveacompleteviewofthearea

D.singquietlywhilevisiting

44.

Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon_______.

A.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissedworkers

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

45.Accordingtotheessay,whatrolehasEnglishplayedduringtheprocessofglobalization?

A.Ithascreatedneweducationopportunities.

B.Ithasspeduptheprocessofglobalization.

C.Ithasopenedthedoorsfornewopportunitiesandincreasedthenumberofyoungwomenintheworkingworld.

D.Ithasincreasedthenumberofskilledwomen.

46.

Whatisregardedasthemostrecentversionofthe"tulipcraze"'?

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

WheninAugustlastyearBritain'ssecurityservicesuncoveredanallegedplottosmuggletheliquidcomponentsofabombontoanaircraftatHeathrow,theworld'sbusiestinternationalairportalmostgroundtoahaltasadditionalpassengercheckswereordered.ItwasnotjustflightsstartingfromHeathrowthatweredelayedorcancelled,butmanyincomingservicestoo.InthefollowingdaysBritishAirwaysalonecutmorethanI200flights.

Intelligencetopreventattacksispartofwhatexpertscalla"layered"securityapproach.Otherlayersincludecheckingidentities,scanningpeopleandtheirluggageandsearchingthematrandom.Anotherandincreasinglyimportantoneistoseehowpeoplebehave."Thereareidentifiersofpeoplewhohavehostileintentthatyoucanpickup,"saysKipHawley,theheadofAmerica'sTransportationSecurityAdministration."Ourtestingindicatesanextraordinaryhighdegreeofsuccess."

SecurityofficialswiththeIsraeliairlineElA1alreadyspendalongtimequestioningpassengersinordertoidentifybehavioraltraitsthatmarkthemoutasdangerous.ButElA1issmallandAmerica'sairportswouldgrindtoahaltifsuchtime-consumingprocedureswereadoptedeverywhere.SothesystemthatwillemergeinAmericaislikelytoinvolvepre-screeningofpassengersrightfromthetimetheymaketheirreservation.Then,astheygothroughthedifferentlayersofsecurityattheairport,somepassengerswillbeaskedquestionsbyspeciallytrainedstaffwhoarelookingoutforthingslikeinvoluntaryfacial-musclemovements.Atwitch(颤搐)isimpossibletohide."Themoreyoutrytoavoidit,themorepronounceditbecomes,"saysMr.Hawley.

Machinesusedtoscanluggageatairportsaregettingmorepowerfultoo.Insteadofjustalertingstafftosuspiciousimages,newerscannerswillbeabletoworkoutwhattheyshow.Newbiometricpassports,whichcontaindetailssuchasfingerprintsandiris(虹膜)scans,willalsoimproveidentification.

ButMr.Hawleyinsiststhatsecuritymeasuresshouldnotrelysolelyonmachineshowevertheyaresophisticated,asthreatschange.Itwilltakeacombinationofscienceandtechnologytoreducethehassle(麻烦)involvedinpassingthroughairports.

Afterthebombplotwasdiscovered,severedelayswerecausedatHeathrowAirportdueto_____.

48.

HumanismduringtheRenaissance______.

A.wasnotdifferentfromotherintellectualmovements

B.appliedneweducationalmethodsintrainingclergies

C.broughtaboutgreatchangesinthestudyingofBible

D.focuseduponthestudybetweenmanandsociety

49.

Self-efficiencyrefersto______,aswellasasenseofself-worthandeffectivenessinourlives.

50.

200yearsago,grownchildrenfromrichfamiliesweresupposedto______inforeigncountries,whichbecameafashion.

51.Naturallytheyoungaremoreinclinedtonoveltythantheireldersanditisintheirspeech,asitalwayswas,thatmostofthevocabularychangesoriginate.ButlisteningcriticallytotheirtalkIhearhardlymynewwords.Itisallamatterofusingoldwordsinanewwayandthencopyingeachotherastheywishtospeakdifferentlyfromtheirparents.Theywantevenmoretospeaklikepeopleoftheirownage.Anewusageoncetooktimetospread,butnowapopstarcanflashitacrosstheworldinhours.

Ofcourse,itisnotonlytheyoungwholiketousethelatestin-word.Whiletheyaredescribingtheiridolsassmashing,great,orcosmic(宇宙的),theirparentsandthemorediscriminatingoftheyoungersetarealsogropingforwordsofpraisethatareatonceaptandfashionable.However,theirchoiceofsplendid,brilliant,fan