新编大学英语4课件N4课后翻译2英译汉的长句翻译2 原序和换序译法

PartFourWritingandTranslation1.Translation2.WritingKnowingAboutTranslationTranslationPracticeWritingPracticePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation英译汉的长句翻译（2)——原序和换序译法

本书第一单元，已讨论了长句翻译中的原序和换序译法，本单元将就该译法做进一步的说明。1.原序译法

当英语的句子在时间、逻辑关系的排列上与汉语一致时，翻译时可采用原序译法。下面就是出现在课文中的两个例子。KnowingAboutTranslationPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation1)WhenGrandmaleftherchair,Blitzenwouldquicklyjumpintothechair,flashingherLabsmilefromsparklingbrowneyeswhichclearlysaid,“Aha,Ifooledyouagain.”

外祖母从凳子上一起身，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那凳子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。”PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2)Anditwasperhapsthefirsttimeshehadheardmegivealengthyspeech,usingthekindofEnglishIhaveneverusedwithher－aspeechfilledwithcarefullyconstructedgrammaticalphrases,burdened,itsuddenlyseemedtome,withnominalizedforms,pastperfecttenses,conditionalphrases,alltheformsofstandardEnglishthatIhadlearnedinschoolandthroughbooks,theformsofEnglishIdidnotuseathomewithmymother.

这也许是她第一次听我长篇大论，用的是我从未在她面前用过的那种英语——演讲中满是精心构造的、合乎语法的词组，大量名词化结构，过去完成时，条件短语（这些我似乎是突然发现的）。所有这些我在学校和书本中学到的标准语言结构，都不是我在家里和母亲交谈时使用的英语形式。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation

但是很多英语长句的翻译无法按照原顺序翻译，而需要对原句顺序进行调整，在不改变原意的条件下，用汉语重新组合，以时间、因果、假设与结果等逻辑关系译成意思连贯、内容完整的汉语句子。以下为换序译法中的几种不同情况。2.换序译法PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation1)SuchishumannatureintheWestthatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.2.1总、分关系调整本句的基本句型是“such…that”,翻译时对语序作调整，先说具体信息，再作总结，可以译为：许多人常常宁愿栖牲比较高的工资来换取白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2)Itisreasonabletosaythatthetrulyhumorousindividualisnotonlywellliked,butisoftenthefocusofattentioninanygathering.本句的基本句型是“itisreasonabletosaythat”，翻译时把宾语从句提前，故译为：一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点，这么说有一定的道理。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation1)However,itmustberememberedthat,althoughtheidenticaltwinswhowerestudiedlivedindifferentfamiliesfarremovedfromeachother,theenvironmentsinthosefamilieswerenot,onthewhole,substantiallydifferent.2.2插入语换序然而，必须记住的是，尽管被研究的同卵双胞胎生活在相距甚远的不同家庭里，但总体而言，那些家庭的环境基本上没有什么差异。句中“onthewhole”为插入语，翻译时提前。全句译为：PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2)Eventheenormousamountofmoneyandenergydevotedtothespaceraceis,hesays,tobewelcomed.他认为，甚至那些大量的用于太空竞赛的财力和精力也是值得欢迎的。3)Ifthecagedlion,forexample,werefreetowanderonthegrassyplainsofAfrica,itwouldbecontinuallyactive,rangingoverlongdistances,huntinginfamilygroups.比如说，笼子里的狮子一旦能自由自在地徜徉在非洲大草原上，那么它会活力充沛，能与家族同类一起长途追捕猎物。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation句中定语从句“thatonceworkedasateamtoproducehigh-qualitygoods”修饰“asmallfirm”，翻译时提前。全句译为：2.3从句换序2.3.1定语从句提前1)Asmallfirmthatonceworkedasateamtoproducehigh-qualitygoodsislikelytobeabsorbedintoavastorganizationwheretheirworkismechanicalandthereisnopossibilityforpersonalexpression.一家曾经精诚合作生产出高质量产品的小公司现在可能被并入了一家大机构，员工的工作很机械，没有机会表现自我了。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation被研究的这些双胞胎都生活在美国，成长的自然环境几乎相同，并且具有几乎相同的营养史。2)ThetwinswhowerethesubjectsofthesestudieslivedinAmerica,wereraisedinmuchthesamephysicalenvironments,andexperiencedmuchthesamenutritionalhistories.3)Murderisstillconsideredtobeenvironments,andthetelevisionschedulesarefullofdetectivedramaswhichendwithamurderersafelyunderarrest.谋杀故事仍被看作是一种消遣娱乐，而电视的节目表里也排满了那些以杀人犯笃定被捕而告终的侦探剧。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2.3.2目的状语从句提前Astudentofmathematicsmustbecomefamiliarwithallthesignsandsymbolscommonlyusedinmathematicsandbeartheminmindfirmly,andbewellversedinthedefinitions,formulasaswellasthetechnicaltermsinthefieldofmathematics,inorderthathemaybeabletobuildupthefoundationofthemathematicalsubjectandmasteritwellforpursuingadvancedstudy.为了打好数学基础，并牢牢掌握之，以便继续深造，数学专业的学生必须熟悉和牢记数学中的常用符号。通晓定义、公式以及术语。翻译本句时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把“inorderthat”引导的目的状语从句提前。全句译为：PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2.3.3条件状语从句提前1)Theimpulsetoasserthimselfhasenabledhimtosurviveinadangerousworld,but,ironically,heisnowlikelytodestroyhisownspeciesunlessalternative,non-violentwaysofexpressingaggressioncanbefound.正是一种想要显示自己权威的冲动使人能够在这充满危险的世界上生存下来。然而具有讽刺意义的是，除非人能找到别的非暴力的发泄好斗本性的方法，否则就可能毁灭自己。翻译本句时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把unless引导的条件状语从句提前。全句译为：PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation但这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。2)Theydonotindicatewhatwouldhappeniftheseidenticalindividualswereraisedseparately.3)FirstistheSETUP(orsetting),nextistheBODY(orstoryline),andthesearefollowedbythePUNCHLINE(anunexpectedorsurpriseending)whichwillmakethejokefunnyifitcontainssomehumor.第一部分是铺垫（即背景)，接下来是主干部分（即故事情节)，随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型，再往下学似乎就越来越难了，这其中的原因，也许教师比学生更容易理解。2.3.4时间状语从句提前1)ItisprobablyeasierforteachersthanforstudentstoappreciatethereasonswhylearningEnglishseemstobecomeincreasinglydifficultoncethebasicstructuresandpatternsofthelanguagehavebeenunderstood.PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation根据汉语表达习惯，翻译此句时把时间状语从句“whenyouhavetohuntforletter-writingmaterials”提前。故译为：2)It’sdifficulttobespontaneouswhenyouhavetohuntforletter-writingmaterials,soIkeeppaper,envelopesandstampscloseathand,evenwhenItravel.当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，甚至在旅行时也是如此。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation我回到马克的桌旁，撕掉了贴在他嘴上的胶带，无可奈何地耸了耸肩，这时全班都欢呼起来。3)TheentireclasscheeredasIwalkedbacktoMark’sdesk,removedthetape,andshruggedmyshoulders.4)WhyisitthatseveralstudentsinaclasswillfalloutoftheirchairslaughingafterItellajokewhiletherestofthestudentslookasifI’vejustreadtheweatherreport?为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation随着两车之间的距离不断缩短，这种震荡会越来越强烈，要是司机对这种警告仍然无动于衷的话，发动机的电路就会切断，危险警告灯就会亮起来。2.3.5比较状语从句提前Thevibrationbecomesmoreandmoreseverethecloserthecargetstothevehicleinfrontuntil,ifthewarningsgounheeded,theenginecutsoutandthehazardwarninglightsgoon.句中“thecloserthecargetstothevehicleinfront”是比较状语从句，翻译时提前。故译为：TranslationPracticePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,usingthetechniquesyoulearnedabove.Thesentencesmightbeusefulwhenyouwritethecomposition.1)Ontheotherhand,makingtelephonecallsismuchfaster,sotheyaremoreappropriatewhenyouneedaquickreply.另一方面，打电话更快捷，所以当你需要很快得到一个答复时，电话更合适些。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation2)Someofthebestlettersarewritteninaburstofinspiration,sokeepyourwritingstuffinoneplacewhereyoucansitdownforafewminutesandwriteaquicknotetoafriend.一些最精彩的信是灵感突现时写的，所以要把文具放在你能坐几分钟，很快给朋友写短信的地方。3)Suchasweetgift—apieceofhandmadewriting,inanenvelopethatisnotabill,sittinginourfriend’spathwhenshetrudgeshomefromalongdayatwork,adayourwordswillhelprepair.一封手写的信，装在一个不是帐单的信封中，在我们的朋友劳累了一天疲惫地回家的时候等候在她的路上，信中的话将帮助她消除一天的辛劳。这是一份多么美好的礼物啊。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation4)Sometimesyoucannotrememberallthecommentsthataremadebecausecallsaretransient,andcannotbekeptforreadinglaterliketreasuredletters.有时你无法记住说过的全部议论，因为电话里说的话是转瞬即逝的，而且不能像珍藏的信件那样，可以保存起来以备以后阅读。5)Whatwouldmakesomanyadultsholdontopiecesofpapertheyhadreceivedyearsbeforeaskids,someofthemcarryingthosepageswiththemeverywheretheywent?Theanswerisappreciation.很多成年人一直保留着多年前他们还是孩子时收到的几页纸，他们中的一些人不管走到哪里还都随身带着。是什么促使他们这么做的呢？答案就是欣赏。PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>Translation6)Giveothersrecognitionateveryopportunitybecauseitwillbuildthemupandmotivatethem.Anditwillmakeyouapersonofsignificantinfluenceintheirlives.利用一切机会表扬别人，因为这会使他们更自信，激发他们的积极性。这还会使你成为一个在他们的人生中有重要影响的人。WritingPracticePartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingDirections:

Writeacompositiononeitherofthefollowingtopics.Useatleast6ofthewordsandphrasesfromthebox.inspiringconfidentencouragingcommenttreasureresponseconsciousexpressivegetoverpickupescapemeditate1)IsWritingBetterthanCalling?2)WordsIWillNeverForgetPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingArelettersbetterthantelephonecalls?Myanswerisyes.Myfirstreasonisthatletterscanbekeptforalongtime.Itreasureallthelettersfrommyfriendsandrereadtheminmysparetime.Tometheyarethesymbolsoffriendship.EverytimeIfeelexhaustedorlonely,theygivemeencouragementandstrength.Lettersareaninspiringsourceofcourage.Mysecondreasonisthatthewordsinthelettersarewrittenafterrumination,whilecallsarenot.Sample1TobecontinuedPartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingWhenyouwritealetteryouhaveenoughtimetothinkabouthowtoexpressyourideas,soyouwon’tsayanythingthatshouldn’tbesaid.Butwhenyouaretalkingonthephone,sometimesyousaysomethingunconsciouslythatmayregret,oryoumaymakeacommentthatismisunderstoodorthathurtsyourfriend.Forsomecases,suchasloveletters,writingismoreromantic.Wordsonapageseemmoreexpressive.Sometimesyoufeelmoreconfidentwritingyourfeelingsthanconveyingthemoverthephone.PartFour:WritingandTranslation>>WritingWheneverIlistentotheinspiringsong“CordialHero”,Iescapeintothepast.IthinkaboutmanyextraordinarydaysIwentthrough.Inthosedayswhen