2021-2022年宁夏回族自治区吴忠市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2021-2022年宁夏回族自治区吴忠市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

TheexamplethatSourwoodchangescolorsbeforeotherspeciesdoillustratethatthetimingofcolorchange______.

2.

AccordingtoAristotle,knowledgeacquisitionsshouldbepriortoathletictrainingsincebothdevelopmentcouldnothappen_______.

3.

Whencomputervirusesreachthe"cockroach"stageofmachineintelligence,theviruses______.

A.becomediversified

B.becomeinfectious

C.areeasilydestroyed

D.aredifficulttokill

4.

Itmaybe______inyourbodythatmakesyourunquicklyafteryouareshockedbyadanger.

5.

AccordingtoBenner,biomolecule'sstructureandhistoryarehelpfulforitsunderstanding.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Dreamersarenotefficientandoftenenduphavingtocramforexams.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Accordingtotheauthor,thedevelopmentoflaughterisbasedon______.

8.

Accordingtotheauthor,oneman'sprofessionorworkisoftenanotherman's______.

9.

Theyoungmanwasveryproficientatoperatingcomputer.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

ThedistancetheFedExExpress'carrierscoveradayequalto______.

11.

Inordertoadjustforinflation,thecostof______whicharethemainknowledgeproductswastripled.

12.AroundtheWorldinEightMegabytes

WhenMicrosoftputtheoriginalFlightSimulatorprogramontothemarket,intheearly1980s,Itrieditforawhileandthengaveup.Ihadthoughtitwouldbefunto"takeoff"fromMeigsField,theairportontheChicagolakefrontwherethesimulatorwasprogrammedtostart,andflybetweentheskyscrapersofthecitytowardwhateverdestinationIchose.Buttheon-screensceneryturnedouttobesketchyanduninteresting.Worse,Ihadnoideahowto"land"theplane,atMeigsoranywhereelse,andtheprogramwasnotmuchhelpinteachingme.Aftertenortwentyflightsthatendedmainlywithnosedivesintothelakeorcountryside,IdecidedIcouldhavemorefuninotherways.

AdozenyearslaterIbecameinterestedinlearningtofly(andland)realairplanes,andIthoughtIshouldlookatsimulatorsagain.Therewerenowarangeofprograms,whichweremuchmoreeffectiveinteachingflyingskills--oratleastcertainskills.Theyhadalsobecomeaform.ofentertainmentandvirtualadventurecaptivatingenoughtoattractvastnumbersofusersworldwide.AccordingtoGuinnessWorldRecords2001,Microsoft'sFlightSimulatorhadsoldatotalof21millioncopiesbyJuneof1999.

Simulators'successiscertainlydeserved.Notmanypeopleflyrealairplanes;fewerthan650,000Americansarelicensedpilots.Butalargergroupprobablywouldliketofly.Andevenpeoplewhohavealmostnointerestinflying(surelyeverybodyfindsitalittlebitexcitingtopretendtozoomthroughtheair)orwhoviewcomputergamesasinherentlycreepywouldfindithardtoignorethebestmodemversions.Onabig,high-resolutioncomputerscreenyoucanfindyourselffacingallamazinglyexactrenditionofaLearjetcockpit,flyinglowovertheGrandCanyonatdawn,withflashesoflightningvisibleinthedistance,asyoulistentoair-trafficcontrollersdirectyoutotheFlagstaffairport.YoucantakeoffinapontoonplanefromalagooninBali,flyoverpaddiesontheterracedhillsides,andthenheadtowardjava'svolcaniccraters.YoucanapproachAyersRock,inthecenterofAustralia,andwatchshadowsmoveacrossitasthesungoesdown.Youcanindulgeinmuchofthevisualromanceofflying,withoutthetime,expense,andtrainingrequiredtopilotarealplane.

Theserivetingeffectsaretheresultofanintriguingdefactodivisionoflabor.Theprogramsthemselvesareailcommercialproducts,fromMicrosoftandanumberofsmallfirms.Butawidevarietyofadd-onsandimprovementscomefromtensofthousandsofhobbyistsaroundtheworld,whospendcountlesshourspolishingorimprovingsomeaspectofaprogram--andthenposttheirworkontheInternetforotherstoshare.Theflight-simcultureisadelightfulreminderofalong-forgottenera,somewherebackinthe1990s,whenpeoplewereexcitedaboutcreatingsoftwareforthenewthingsitwouldletthemdo,notsimplyasameansofgainingmarketshare.

Theflight-simmarketresemblestherestofthesoftwarebusinessmainlyinthatthemostpopularofferingisfromMicrosoft.ThecurrentversionofMicrosoft'sprogramisFlightSimulator2000,orFS2000,whichcomputerdiscountersofferforabout$50.(A"professional"versioncostsabout$70.Itincludesmoresimulatedairplanesandalargernumberofplaceswhosesceneryispresentedinextra-realisticdetail.)WithFS2000andmostotherprogramsyoucan"fly"frompracticallyanypointonearthtoanyother;thedifferencesamongtheprogramsliemostlyinthedegreeofscenicdetail,pluscertainaspectsoftheairplanes'lookandperformance.Withalltheseprogramsyoucanalsospecifytheweatherconditionsthroughwhichyou'llpassonanyparticulartrip:clouds,wind,turbulence,rain.Thefanciestprogramsletyoudownloadthereal-timeweatherforyourroute,fromaviationsitesonthe

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

ThereservoirsthatwerebuiltbyChinahavethebiggestreservecapacityintheworld.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

In1940Hughespublished______.

15.IsCollegeReallyWorththeMoney?

TheRealWorld

EsteGriffithhaditallfiguredout.WhenshegraduatedfromtheUniversityofPittsburghinApril2001,shehadhersightssetononething:workingforalaborunion.

Therealworldhadotherideas.Griffithleftschoolwithnotonlyadegreebutaboatloadofdebt.Sheowed$15,000instudentloansandhadrackedup$4.000increditcarddebtforbooks,groceriesandotherexpenses.Nolaborunionjobcouldpayenoughtobailherout.

SoGriffithwenttoworkinsteadforaWashington.D.C.firmthatspecializesineconomicdevelopment.Problemsolved?Nope.Atage24.shetakeshomeabout$1.800amonth.$1.200ofwhich-disappearstopayhertent.Addanother$t80amonthtoretireherstudentloansand$300amonthtowhittledownhercreditcardbalance."Youdothemath."shesays.

Griffithhaspracticallynomoneytoliveon.Shebrown-bags(自带午餐)herlunchandbikestowork.Aboveall,shefearsshe'llneverownahouseorbeabletoretire.It'snotthatsheregretsgettingherdegree."Buttheydon'ttellyouthatthetrade-offisthenexttenyearsofyourincome."shesays

That'spreciselythedealbeingmadebymoreandmorecollegestudents.They'remortgagingtheirfuturestomeetsoaringtuitioncostsandothercollegeexpenses.LikeGriffith.they'refacingaone-twopunchatgraduation:hefty(沉重的)studentloansandsmotheringcreditcarddebtnottomentionajobmarketthat,fornowanyway,isdismal.

"Weareforcingourchildrentomakeachoicebetweentwoevils."saysElizabethWarren.aHarvardLawprofessorandexpertonbankruptcy."Skipcollegeandfacealifeofdiminishedopportunity,orgotocollegeendfacealifeshackled(束缚)bydebt."

TuitionHikes

Forsometime.collegeshaveinsistedtheirsteeptuitionhikesareneededtopayforcutting-edgetechnologies,facultyandadministrationsalaries,endrisinghealthcarecosts.Nowthere'sanewculprit(犯人):shrinkingstatesupport.Caughtinaseverebudgetcrunch,manystateshavesharplyscaledbacktheirfundingforhighereducation.

Someonehadtomakeupforthoselostdollars.Andyoucanguesswho---especiallyifyouliveinMassachusetts,whichlastyearhikeditstuitionandfeesby24percent,afterfundingdroppedby3percent,orinMissouri,whereappropriations(拨款)fellbyt0percent,buttuitionroseatdoublethatrate.Aboutone-thirdofthestates,infact,haveincreasedtuitionandfeesbymorethen10percent.

OneofthosestatesisCalifornia,andJanetBurrell'sfamilyisfeelingthepalmAbookkeepermTorrance,BurrellhasadaughterattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.Meanwhile,hersonsattendtwo-yearcollegesbecauseBurrellcan'taffordtohavealloftheminfour-yearschoolsatonce.

Meanwhile,evenwithtuitionhikes,California'scommunitycollegesaresostrappedforcashtheydroppedthousandsofclasseslastspring.Theresult:54,000fewerstudents.

CollapsingInvestments

Manyfamiliesthoughttheyhadasurefireplan:eveniftuitionkeptskyrocketing,theyhadinvestedenoughmoneyalongthewaytomeetthecosts.ThenafunnythinghappenedonthewaytoWallStreet.Thoseinvestmentscollapsedwiththestockmarket.Amongtheloserslastyear:thewildlypopular"529"plans--federaltax-exemptcollegesavingsplansofferedbyindividualstates,whichhaveattractedbillionsfromfamiliesaroundthecountry."Wehearfr0mmanyparentsthatwhattheyhadsetasidedeclinedinvaluesomuchthattheynowdon'thaveenoughtoseetheirstudentsthrough,"saysPennStatefinancialaiddirectorAnnaGriswold,whowitnesseda10percentincreaseinloanapplicationslastyear.Evenwithamarketthatmaybeslowlyrecovering,itwilltaketime,perhap

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

AccordingtoFreud'stheory,dreamscomefrom______.

17.

Therearethreepossibleexplanationsforthecontradictionoftheassumptionoflarge-packagepurchase:transportation,______limitations.

18.

Thedevelopednationswillmakemoreeffortstoincreasetheirpopulationgrowth.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.Ingeneral,whenitcomestotheissueofpopsingers'ethics,averagelistenersare______.

20.

MarkTwainactuallymeans______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.听力原文：M:Whatshouldwedotonight?WatchTVorlistentomusic?

W:ThereisahugesaleattheshoppingmallinBakerStreet.Itwasjustopenedyesterday.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(13)

A.ShewantstowatchTV.

B.Shewilllistentomusic.

C.Shewillrestathome.

D.Sheintendstodosomeshopping.

22.(14)

A.Shedidn'tbringthetickets.

B.Shedoesn'twanttoattendtheconcert.

C.Sheforgothermoney.

D.Shewon'tbeabletogetthestudentdiscount.

23.听力原文：ThecolorfulInternetdrawsustocomputersandbringsusjoyandwealth.However,itisalsoaffectingourhealth,becauseofincreasedcomputeruse.Somepeoplehumorouslycallthesenegativeeffectsthe"sixdestructivefistsoftheInternet".

First,itdamagestheeyes.Howevergoodyourmonitoris,whetheritislow-raditionorLCD,youwilldefinitelyfeellight-headedafteradayofweb-surfing.

Secondly,itdamagesthehands.Theconstantrepetitiousmovementswillmakeyourfingersandwristssoreandaching.

Thirdly,itdamagesthemouth.WhenpeopleareroamingintheseaoftheInternetandchattingwiththekeyboard,themouthisthemostunusedorgan.

Fourthly,ithurtstheback.Peoplewillsitmotionlessinfrontofcomputersforseveralhours.Theirmidsectionsandskeletalsystemssufferthemost.

Fifthly,itdamagesthestomach.Itisalmostimpossibleforweb-surferstohavehealthystomachs.Theyalwayseatverysimply.Sometimestheywillhaveasleepfirst,insteadofeatinganything.

Lastly,itdamagestheliver,whichistheresultofirregularperiodsofsleepandanunhealthydiet.

Althoughthe"sixdestructivefistsoftheInternet"isonlythenicknamebyweb-surfersfortheirdiscomfort,itremindsusthatweshouldnotneglectourhealthwhenaddictedtothevibrancy,highspeedandefficiencyoftheInternet.

TheattractionoftheInternetisirresistible.However,addictiontoitwilldamageourphysicalandmentalhealth.Infact,theInternetandcomputersthemselvescan'tcausethediscomfortinourbody.WeshouldusecomputersreasonablytokeepupwiththeInternethealthily.

(33)

A.ThehighspeedandefficiencyoftheInternet.

B.ThehealthproblemsduetoaddictiontotheInternet.

C.ThejoyandcomfortprovidedbytheInternet.

D.TheirresistibleattractionoftheInternet.

24.(22)

A.Sixhours.

B.Eighteenhours.

C.Sixteenhours.

D.Eighthours.

25.听力原文：Duringthepastdecade,therehasbeenamultifoldincreaseinviolentcrimesthroughouttheworld.Notonlyhastherebeenafrighteningincreaseofmurdersandrapes,butchancesofbeingattackedandrobbedhavegrownsothattheelderlyavoidleavingtheirapartments.

Theexactcauseofthishorrifyingdevelopmenthasnotbeenfound.SomesociologistsfeelthatthegrowthofcrimeonTVisrelatedwiththegrowthofviolenceonourstreets.Othersblametheconstantthreatofcompletedestructionfromnuclearexplosives.Iftheworldisgoingtobeblownup,whynotenjoyyourselffully!

Regardlessofthecauseorcauses,afundamentalchangeinattitudeamongpeopleiseasytosee.Yearsback,theoldsaying"Practicewhatyoupreach"wasaprevalentone.Peoplehadmoralstandardsthattheycouldfollow:peoplewereconcernedabouttheirfellowhumanbeings.

Today,peoplehavebecome"I-centered."Theyaremoreinterestedinachievingimmediate,selfishpleasures.Thebestadvicetheycangiveintherareinstanceswhentheydois"DowhatIsay,notwhatIdo."Theyaresaying,"Therearemoralprinciplestofollowifyouwantto,butdon'tusemeasaguidesinceInolongerfollowthem."

ThemajordifferencethatIseeinthequotationspointsoutthetragicchangeinourmoralityandsocialways.Untilpeopleoncemorelearntoreplace"I"with"we,"weshallcontinuetomovetowarddestructiveselfcenteredness.

(32)

A.Thepopulationofelderlypeople.

B.Nuclearweapon.

C.Standardofliving.

D.Violenceincrime.

26.

【B11】

27.(43)

28.(21)

A.Thelatestcomputertechnology.

B.Theorganizingofanexhibition.

C.Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.

D.Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.

29.听力原文：W:ShallIpayyouorthecashierinfront?

M:Whoeveryouliketo.

Whatdoesthemanmean?

(17)

A.Thewomancanpayeitherperson.

B.Thewomanshouldbuytheonesheprefers.

C.Helikesthesameonethatthewomandoes.

D.Hewilltalktothecashierinfront.

30.听力原文：Atthetheater,shedisruptsthefirstactassheclimbsoveryourkneestowardherseat.WhenyourdoorbellringsonaSaturdaynight,longafteryourotherguestshavebeguneating,youknowhehasarrivedfordinner.Atwork,youdon'texpectheratyour9:00a.m.meeting.

Theyarethelatecomersanditdoesn'tmatteriftheywearawatchoruseanalarmdock.Latenessistheirwayoflife.

Chroniclatenesshasspoiledfriendships,andahabitthathascausedpeopletolosetheirjob.Why,then,aresomanypeoplelate?

"Notarrivingontimecanbeaform.ofavoidance,"saysDr.RichardKravitz,apsychiatristatYaleNewHavenMedicalCenterinConnecticut."Youarelateforaparty,orcominghomefromwork,becauseyoudon'twanttobewhereyou'resupposedtobe."Otherreasonsforchroniclatenessaremorecomplex.Dr.Kravitzsuggeststhatsomelatecomersknowthattheirlatenesswillcauseanger,andthisservestheirdeepneedtobepunished.Alternatively,somelatecomershaveatendencytoforcesomeonetowait,whichisawayofexpressingangerorresentment.

Asforthoseofuswhowait,ifwecansetlimitsastohowlongwewillstaybeforeleavingwhenappropriate,wecanmakeourangerknown.Andthoughitistruethatbeingpromptcanbeascompulsiveasbeinglate,Shakespeareadvisedthis:"Betterthreehourstoosoonthanaminutetoolate."

(33)

A.Itindicatesthatlatecomersdon'tcareaboutothers'time.

B.Itindicatesthatlatecomersalwaysignoreotherpeople'sfeeling.

C.Itindicatesthatlatecomersenjoybeinglookedatbyothers.

D.Itindicatesthatlatenessistheirwayoflife.

31.(45)

32.(34)

A.WhythePresidentopposesabill.

B.Howlawmakerswanttoreviseabill.

C.Whyadeadlinehasnotbeenmet.

D.Whenlawmakersplantoendtheirsession.

33.听力原文：Idon'tthinkthereisanythingwrongwithyourblood.Thekeytoyourproblemisthatlongsleepafterdinner.

Ifyoudidn'tsleepforhoursduringtheearlypartoftheevening,youwouldbemorereadytosleepatbedtime,Ifyoudidn'tnapafterdinner,youwouldnotwanttostayupsolate,andyouwouldnotfeeltheneedtotakeasleepingpill.Thepillisstillworkinginyoursystemwhenyougetupinthemorning.Thishelpsaccountforthefactthatyoufeeltiredallday.

Youshouldgetoutofthehabitofsleepingduringtheevening.Rightafteryoureveningmeal,engageinsomesortofphysicalactivity--asportsuchasbowling,perhaps.Orgettogetherwithfriendsforaneveningofcardsandconversation.Thengotobedatyourusualtimeoralittleearlier,andyoushouldbeabletogetagoodnight'srestwithouttakingapill.

Ifyoucangetintothehabitofspendingyoureveningsthisway,Iamsureyouwillfeellessfiredduringtheday.Atfirstitmaybehardforyoutogotosleepwithouttakingapill.Ifso,getupandwatchtelevisionordosomejobsaroundyourhouseuntilyoufeelsleepy.Ifyoufallasleepandthenwakeupafewhourslater,getupbutdonottakeasleepingpill.Readawhileorlistentotheradio,andgetyourselfafewhours'sleepthatnight,youwillfeelbetterinthemorningthanyouusuallyfeelaftertakingapill.Thenextnightyouwillbereadytosleepatanearlierhour.

Themostimportantthingistoavoidtakingthatsleeprightafterdinnerandavoidtakingpills.

(33)

A.Becauseyougetthehabitofstayinguplate.

B.Becauseyouhaven'ttakensleepingpills.

C.Becauseyousleepforhoursafterdinner.

D.Becauseyoufailtodosomeexercises.

34.(31)

A.75000B.50000C.25000D.100000

35.听力原文：Backinthoseprimitivetimesitwasunnecessarytohaveaspecialform.ofexchangevalueforeverything,likeaprice.Intheetimestheonlythingsthatwerereallyvaluableweretheskillstosatvive.Butassocietybecamemorecomplex,peopledependmoreonotherswhowerelivingfaraway;thenitbecameimportantforpeopletodevelopsomemethodforexchangingvaluewithouthavingtoexchangetheactualgoods.

Thisneedtodevelopamethodforexchangingvaluewaswhatledtotheuseofmoney.Moneywasameansofexchangingvaluewithouthavingtoactuallyexchangethespecificthingsyouwanted.Beforetheuseofmoney,peoplehadtotradethingswitheachother,anditwasusuallyverydifficulttodecidewhateverythingwasworthinrelationtoeachother.Ifyouhadthreeanimalsskinsandyourfriendhadtwopotsofdriedbetas,howdidyouknowhowmanyskinswereequivalenttoapetofbeansiftheydidn'thaveaprice?Withtheintroductionofmoney,allthingscouldbegintohateacommonvaluethateverybodycouldknowabout.Thisledtoastandardizedsetofvaluesamongpeople.Asthepowerofmoneyincreased,valuesthatweredifferentfromthemajoritywerenolongerrecognized.Thevalueofsomethingintermsofmoneybecametheultimatevalue.Inorderformoneytofunction,thewholesocietyhastoagreeonthesamevalues.

(30)

A.Lifewaseasyandfoodwaseasytofind.

B.Peoplecaremoreabouthowtosurvive.

C.Thepeopletookcareofeachotheroutoflove.

D.Therearemanydevelopedindividualmonetarysystems.

36.听力原文：WhenMidoriwastwoyearsold,sheoftenclimbedontothepianobenchandreachedfortheviolinthatbelongedtohermother,a38-year-oldprofessionalmusician."Pleasedon'ttouch,Midori,"hermotherscolded.Theviolinwas,afterall,worthmorethan20,000dollars.ButMidoripersisted.Shelongedtohandlethegracefulinstrumentthatmadebeautifulsounds.Finally,onherthirdbirthday,Midoriwashandedapackage,atinyviolin,abouthalfthenormalsize.AlmostfromthemomentMidoriwasborn,hermotherknewshewassensitivetomusic.Forseveralyearsmotheranddaughterpractisedtogetherdayafterday.Shewaseagertolearn.Failureoftenledtotears,though,sheneveronceturnedfromtheinstrument.Instead,Shepersistedtilltheproblemwasovercome.Oneday,Johnson,anAmericanmusician;heardMidoriplaytheviolin.Hecouldn'tbelieveshewasjusteightyearsold."ShemustmakeatapeandIwilltakeittotheUnitedStates,"theAmericanmusiciansaid.AfamousAmericanviolinteacherheardthetape.He,too,haddifficultybelievinghisears.Theplayingwasabsolutelyastonishing.Heimmediatelyacceptedherasapupilandrecommendedherforfullscholarship.In1982,MidoriandhermothermovedtoNewYorkCity,leavingbehindacomfortablelifeinJapan.

(33)

A.Ahousewife.B.Asinger.C.Amusician.D.Ateacher.

37.(25)

A.Expensiveandnotsatisfying.

B.Excellentanddelicious.

C.Cheapandnutritious.

D.Old-fashioned.

38.(36)

A.Whypeoplehavedreamsatnight.

B.Whythespeakerenjoysdreaming.

C.Whydreamsarenotdependable.

D.Howtoexplainpeople'sdreams.

39.(24)

A.Theyhavemoredishestochoose.

B.Theybuytheirmealsatalowerprice.

C.Theycanchoosetheplacetoeat.

D.Theydon'thavetopayforacertainnumberofmeals.

40.听力原文：M:AsfarasI'mabletojudge,nowthesepeoplearesimplycrazy.

W:Well,Ishouldsaythatitisashamethatthefanswenttoofarandwonthemselvesabadnameallovertheworld.Butitseemstometheyshouldnothavebeentheonlytarget.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(14)

A.It'sashametoscoldthefans'behaviors.

B.Fansaremadandshouldbescoldedseverely.

C.Thefansaresolelyresponsiblefortheirbehaviors.

D.Weshouldn'tonlyblamethefansfortheirbehaviors.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Interrogationfor“thoughtcrimes”hasn'tcomeintorealitypartlyduetothedependenceoff______.

42.

WhatmadeitpossiblefortheTIMEreporterstocomeupwithsomanyinterestingstoriesaboutpets?

43.

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-Medication

D.Self-Treatment

44.【S6】

45.

Thepassagemainlytellsusthat______.

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalpopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet'sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet'sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

46.

【C8】

47.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

A.kind-heartedly

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

48.

ThetheatreofAbsurdhasprobably______.

A.followedstrictlytheBroadwaystagestyle

B.dealtwiththerealisticconflictsinlife

C.fannedtheaudience'senthusiasmtowardsdramas

D.overthrownthetraditionaldramaforms

49.

Theauthorarguesthatdealingwiththeproblemofpronunciationinthewrongwayis______.

A.afundamentalconsequenceofnotspeakingwell

B.aconsequenceofnotunderstandingtheproblemcorrectly

C.anobviouscauseofnotgraspingtheproblemcorrectly

D.notanobviouscauseofspeakingpoorly

50.

Whichofthefollowingistheproofthatthegovernmentignoresreligioninsomeways?

A.ReligiousgroupneednotpaytaxesintheUnitedStates.

B.PresidentseldomcallsonGodtoblessAmericaanditspeople.

C.Forthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,oathscanbereplacedbyasolemnaffirmationordeclaration.

D.Forthosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofight,performingotherservicescantaketheplaceofbeingsoldiers.

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Ourlevelofhappinessthroughoutlifeisstronglyinfluencedbythegeneswithwhichwewereborn,sayexperts.AnEdinburghUniversitystudyofidenticalandnon-identicaltwinssuggestsgenesmaycontrolhalfthepersonalitytraitskeepingushappy.Theotherhalfislinkedtolifestyle,careerandrelationships.However,anotherexpertsaiddespitetheresearchinthejournalPsychologicalScience,wecanstilltrainourselvestobemorecontent.

Psychologistshavedevelopedseveralmethodstoassessaperson'spersonalitytype—andeventheirlevelofhappiness.TheEdinburghstudy,inconjunctionwithresearchersattheInstituteforMedicalResearchinQueensland,Australia,lookedatresultsfrom900pairsoftwins.

Theideabehindtwinstudiesisthat,becauseidenticaltwinsaregeneticallyexactlythesame,whilefraternal(异卵的)twinsarenot,itispossible,bycomparingtheresultsfromthetwogroups,tocalculatehowstronglyinfluencedaparticulartraitisbygenetics.Inthiscase,theresearcherslookedforpeoplewhotendednottoworry,andwhoweresociableandconscientious.Allthreeoftheseseparatecharacteristicshavebeenlinkedbyotherresearchtoanoverallsenseofhappinessorwell-being.Thedifferencesbetweentheresultsfromtheidenticalandfraternaltwinssuggestedthatthesetraitswereinfluencedupto50%bygeneticfactors.

DrAlexanderWeiss,fromEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciences,wholedtheresearch,said:"Togetherwithlifeandliberty,thepursuitofhappinessisacorehumandesire.Althoughhappinessissubjecttoawiderangeofexternalinfluences,wehavefoundthereisaheritablecomponentofhappinesswhichcanbeentirelyexplainedbygeneticarchitectureofpersonality."

Thescienceofhappinessisagrowingfield,withdemandfromboththepublicandindustryforinsightsintoemotionalwell-being.TheCentreforAppliedPositivePsychologypromotesresearchintotechniquesforboostingpersonalcontentment.DrAlexLinley,fromtheCentre,saidthateventhoughotherstudiessupportedthegeneticargument,itwaswrongforanyonetothinkthatnaturehaddealtthemafixedhandinhappinessterms.Hesaid:"Whatitmeansisthat,ratherthanasinglepoint,peoplehavearangeofpossiblelevelsofhappiness—anditisperfectlypossibletoinfluencethiswithtechniquesthatareempiricallyproventowork.Simplethings,likelistingyourstrengthsandusingtheminnewwayseveryday,orkeepingajournalwhereyouwritedown,everynight,threethingsthatyouaregratefulfor,havebeenshowntodeliverimprovements."

AccordingtotheEdinburghUniversitystudy,inadditiontogenes,ourhappinessisdeterminedby______.

52.

Thispassageimpliesthat______.

A.globalizationisgoodforacountry'seconomicdevelopment

B.globalizationiswidelyacceptedandadvocatedbypeople

C.globalizationistooinfluentialonacountry'seconomytobeaccepted

D.globalizationisnotalwaysofgreatbenefittoacountry'seconomicdevelopment

53.Tasimelteonandmelatoninhavethesimilareffectbecausetheyc