现代大学英语精读5课程讲解

1,4,8,课，五个课程。Lesson1A.词义的理解与语义转换1)Wemusthonestlyrecognizewherewearenow.(1.2)正视2)Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.(1.8)不如意之事坎坷经历若论人生坎坷，黑人可谓倍加艰辛。3)Wemustmassivelyassertourdignityandworth.(3.1)Impressively？让世人知道4)Wemuststandupamidstasystemthatstilloppressesusanddevelopanunassailableandmajesticsenseofvalues.(3.2)DevelopahabitdropahabitDevelopasense意识Translationskill词性转换B.词汇扩展1）Awhitelieisbetterthanablacklie.(4.5)Ihadawhitenight,thinkingofyou.whiteelephantallusion典故Trademark白象白马王子？whitehorse？Mr.RightPrincecharmingwhitemeatfish/birdredmeat红肉2)Themostdegeneratememberofafamilyisablacksheep.(4.6)1blacklistblackmarket黑马darkhorseScapegoat＝替罪羊＝WhipboyAllusion3)…teacherswillnotbeforcedtoteachtheNegrochildsixtywaystodespisehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofinferiority,andthewhitechild134waystoadorehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofsuperiority（4.7）inferioritycomplexsuperioritycomplex恋父情结Electracomplex恋母情结Oedipuscomplexc.搭配collocation1.theNegroisindireneedofthiskindoflegitimatepower(6.2)紧急，极端direwarning/prediction/forecast(awarningaboutsomethingterriblethatwillhappeninthefuture)Lastnightthereweredirewarningsofcivilwar.2.…thepreservingofthestatusquo(6.11)maintain/preserve/defendthestatusquo3.Andoneofthegreatproblemsofhistoryisthattheconceptsofloveandpowerhaveusuallybeencontrastedasopposites--polaropposites-(7.5)（？)polarextremed．句子理解1）Thejobofarousingmanhoodwithinapeople（thathavebeentaughtforsomanycenturiesthattheyarenobody）isnoteasy.（3.4）2）Poweristheability//ofalaborunionliketheUAWtomakethemostpowerfulcorporationintheworld,GeneralMotors,say'Yes'whenitwantstosay'No.'That'spower.（linethreefromthebottom,Paragraph6）3)Whatisneededisarealizationthatpowerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.(8.6)Anemic：weak；贫血的=AnaemicAnaemia贫血4)Now,earlyinthiscenturythisproposalwouldhavebeengreetedwithridiculeanddenunciation,（considered）asdestructiveofinitiativeandresponsibility.(10.2)25)Thefactisthatthework（whichimprovestheconditionofmankind,theworkwhichextendsknowledgeandincreasespowerandenrichesliteratureandelevatesthought,）isnotdonetosecurealiving(12.1)Shedidn’tmarryhimforhewasrichTheworkisnot不是这样的donetosecurealiving＝被做以谋生不是为了谋生而做e．修辞（Rhetoric）figureofspeech1.Antithesis对比对照（Afigureofspeechinwhichsharplycontrastingideasarejuxtaposedinabalancedorparallelphraseorgrammaticalstructure）1)Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.(5.5)2)…loveisidentifiedwitharesignationofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.(7.5)2．Metaphorsimile(like,as)1)Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseofself-esteem,isthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.(5.6)Self-esteem自信2)Thenegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisownbeingandsignswiththepenandinkofassertivemanhoodhisownemancipationproclamation.(5.9)3．Personalconflictsamonghusbands,wivesandchildrenwilldiminishwhentheunjustmeasurementofhumanworthonthescaleofdollarsiseliminated.（14.4）3.parallel1)ThetendencytoignoretheNegro'scontributiontoAmericanlifeandtostriphimofhispersonhoodisasoldastheearliesthistorybooksandascontemporaryasthemorning'snewspaper.(5.1)StripperExoticdancing2)Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.（8.6）4.Alliteration1）Nowalotofusarepreachers,andallofushaveourmoralbelievesand3concerns,andsooftenhaveproblemswithpower.(7.1)Xiamenisacityfullofvigorandvitality2）Itispreciselythiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralitywhichconstitutesthemajorcrisisofourtimes.(9.2)f.熟词偏义1.And,inthethinkingofthatday,theabsenceofworldlygoodsindicatedawantofindustrioushabitsandmoralfiber.(10.5)Want=lackHeknowsnowantinhislife.他什么都不缺Lesson4TextAnalysisA.词义理解与翻译1.Whenyoursecretaryinvitedmetocomehere,shetoldmethatyourSocietyisconcernedwiththeemploymentofwomenandshesuggestedthatImighttellyousomethingaboutmyownprofessionalexperiences.a.Society:theWomen’sServiceLeagueb.concernedwithc.employment就业问题增词：Thefrequency,wavelength,andspeedofsoundarecloselyrelated.频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的2.Fortheroadwascutmanyyearsago—byFannyBurney,by…—manyfamouswomen,andmanymoreunknownandforgotten,havebeenbeforeme,makingthepathsmooth,andregulatingmysteps.(1.7)a.cut开辟b.manymoreunknownandforgottenc.makingthepathsmooth铺平道路d.regulatingmysteps：guide步子3.Thus,whenIcametowrite,thereareveryfewmaterialobstaclesinmyway.(1.10)a.materialobstacles物质方面/上的阻碍b.inmyway4.Youhaveonlygottofiguretoyourselvesagirlinabedroomwithapeninher4hand.(2.1)a.figure：imaginevitalstatisticsFig.15.Shewasintenselysympathetic.Shewasimmenselycharming.Shewasutterlyunselfish.(3.10)enselysympatheticsympathize：beinharmonywithb.immenselycharmingc.utterlyunselfish是这么是如此她善解人意；她可爱迷人；她毫无私心是那么。6.Shewouldhavepluckedtheheartofmywriting.(3.倒13)a.plucktheheart空洞无物她会使我的文章。隐喻词义引申：Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns荆棘.每个人生活都有甜有苦。7.ThoughIflattermyselfthatIkilledherintheend,thestrugglewassevere.(3.倒4)a.flatter8.Besympathetic;betender;flatter;deceive;usetheartsandwilesofoursex.(3.倒21)言不由衷；女人的十八般武器，都要要善解人意；要言辞温婉；要善于迎合；要用上。B．词汇扩展1.Shehadonlytomovethatpenfromlefttorightfromteno’clocktoone.FromlefttorightFromagetoage世世代代FromChinatoPeru天涯海角；到处秘鲁Frombadtoworse每况愈下Frompillartopost东奔西跑，到处碰壁pillar=postFromragstoriches暴富Fromstrengthtostrength越来越强大Fromtiptotoe从头到尾Fromthecradletothegrave一生2．FortenandsixpenceonecanbuypaperenoughtowritealltheplaysofShakespeare---ifonehasamindthatway.5(1.倒5)haveamindthatway=haveamindlikethat（Shakespeare’smind）Thatway--Idon’tknowyournameyet.--Let’skeepitthatway.Mywayorthehighway.（TheMatrix）Haveone’swayFinderskeepers.LosersweepersFairenough.行，还算公平Watt:Sincethereareotherapplicantsontheline,wecan'tletyouknowourdecisionyetuntilallofthemhavegottheirchanceforinterview.Ann:Fairenough,Iamwillingtowaituntilyouhavecometoadecision.C．句子理解1.Myprofessionisliterature;andinthatprofessiontherearefewerexperiencesforwomenthaninanyother,withtheexceptionofthestage—fewer,Imeanthatarepeculiartowomen.(1.5)2.Pianosandmodels,Paris,ViennaandBerlin,mastersandmistresses,arenotneededbyawriter.(1.倒4)3.Thecheapnessofwritingpaperis,ofcoursethereasonwhywomenhavesucceededaswritersbeforetheyhavesucceededintheotherprofessions.(1.倒4)4.ItwasshewhousedtocomebetweenmeandmypaperwhenIwaswritingreviews.(3.6)Comebetween…and…1.tomakepeopleargueandfeelangrywitheachother,whentheyhadbeenfriendsbefore:Nothingwillevercomebetweenusnow.Ididn'twanttocomebetweenahusbandandwife.2topreventsomeonefromgivingenoughattentiontosomething:Sheneverletanythingcomebetweenherandherwork.5.Iftherewasachicken,shetooktheleg;iftherewasadraught（draft）,shesatinit—inshortshewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorawishofherown.(3.12)风口6.For,asIfound,directlyIputpentopaper,youcannot//reviewevenanovelwithouthavingamindofyourown,withoutexpressingwhatyouthinktobethetruth6abouthumanrelations,morality,sex.(3.倒12)directly:assoonasYoucan’t//smokewithoutmakingnonsmokersunhappy.7.Andshemadeasiftoguidemypen.(3.倒19)Make（seem）asiftodo:toseemasifyouaregoingtodosomethingbutthennotdoit:Shemadeasiftospeakbutthenstopped.8.InowrecordtheoneactforwhichItakesomecredittomyself,thoughthecreditrightlybelongstosomeexcellentancestorsofminewholeftmeacertainsumofmoney—shallwesayfivehundredpoundsayear?(3.倒19)Credit:praise,approvalforanact,abilityoraquality.Examples：Hetookhisassistant’scredit.Shedeservescreditfortryingherbest.havesomethingtoyourcredit：tohaveachievedsomethingShealreadyhastwosuccessfulnovelstohercredit.下面我要说说多少是我自己做的一件事情，当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我了不起吧的的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产－比如说每年五百英镑－这样我就不用完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。9．Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat.Ididmybesttokillher.Myexcuse,ifIweretobehadupinacourtoflaw,wouldbethatIactedinself-defence.(3.倒15)Turnupon:attack掐Havesb.up:totakesb.tocourtPeepingTomwashadupforstalking.Curiositykillsthecat.10．Thus,wheneverIfelttheshadowofherwingortheradianceofherhalo，Itookuptheinkpotandflungitather.(3.倒7)TheshadowandtheradiancerefertotheinfluenceoftheVictorianattitudesonmywritingD.Rhetoricaldevices1.Nodemandwasmadeuponthefamilypurse.(1.倒6)Purse:usedfigurativelytostandformoney,financialconditions.Thiskindoffigureofspeechiscalledmetonymy(转喻).Beijing；theWhiteHouse;theCrown;Thepenismightierthanthesword.文胜于武Hesucceededbythesweatofhisbrow.Heistoofondofthebottle.贪杯7Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.2．...Ihadtoadmitthatinsteadofspendingthatsumuponbreadandbutter,rent,shoes,andstockings,orbutcher’sbills…breadandbutter:usedfigurativelytomeanfoodandthemostimportantandbasicthings.e.g.bread-and-butterissuessuchasjobsandhousingThiskindoffigureofspeechiscalledsynecdoche(提喻).借代e.g.Allhandsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板).Theybravedthewavestoprotecttheirfatherland.Aretherenoroofsinthistownthatwillharboranhonorableman?Brandish(挥舞)yoursteel,men.Lesson8UnitEightTheMerelyVeryGoodOppenheimerSpenderDiracAudenA.Translation1.TheMerelyVeryGood.译文:仅仅一流一流而已一流人物而已2.…AndIwasconsciousofhissuperiorityinawaywhichwasembarrassingandledtotrouble.(2.10)？/他很高明，但这样表现出来不仅令人尴尬，而且惹出麻译文：我知道他比我强烦。3.Thetwoyoungmenbecamefriends,insofarasonecouldhaveafriendshipwithDirac.Insofaras:totheextentthat,tothedegreethat,because,since,inthatInsofarasIcansaynow,Ishallcome.目前我只能说我将会来。Insofaraspossible,ourexampleswillbedrawnfromChinese.在可能范围内,例证均引自汉语。一定份上的朋友而已，狄拉克就是这样。译文：他和狄拉克成了朋友，但也只是4.WhileOppenheimerwasinterruptingBorn’sseminars,announcingthatHecoulddocalculationsbetterinthequantumtheory,Dirac,onlytwoyearsolder,hadinventedthesubject.(3.9)8Inventedthesubject:?译文：缔造了这一学科5.Auden’sDirac-likelucidity,thesheerwonderoflanguage,andthesenseoffunaboutseriousthings.(4.16)（1）lucidity:beinglucid;beingeasilyunderstood译文：奥登那狄拉克式的简洁明快，纯粹的语言魅力，寓谐于庄的幽默感6．SpenderalsodoesnotseemtohaveremarkedonOppenheimer’seyes,whichhadakindofwaryluminescence.Siamesecatsmakeasimilarexpression.(6.8)（1）wary:cautiousandalert(2)luminescence:lightemissionwithoutheat:theemissionoflightproducedbymeansotherthanheatincandescence,e.g.byphosphorescence,fluorescence,orbioluminescence译文：他的眼睛带有一种警觉而冷冷的目光。这种目光也可以在暹罗猫身上找到。（教参）B.Vocabulary1.Earlyin1981Ireceivedaninvitationtogivealectureatawriter’sconference…(1.1)（1）invitation:邀请函，请帖Eg.HowtowriteaninvitationOtherexamples？(2)lecture:演讲，讲座Collocation:give/deliveralecture2.AsIrecall,thehonorariumofferedwouldhavebarelycoveredtheexpense.(1.8)(1)honorarium:Apaymentgiventoaprofessionalpersonforservicesforwhichfeesarenotlegallyortraditionallyrequired.辨析StipendCompensationDamagesBonusCommissionPensionAllowanceSubsidyGrantScholarshipratefareperk(2)cover:tobesufficienttomeetthechargeorcostof扩展：coveranattemptedassassination?9Coverage3.AfterOppenheimergraduatedfromHarvardin1925,hewasawardedafellowshiptostudyinEurope.(2.3-4)(1)fellowship:Thefinancialgrantmadetoafellowinacollegeoruniversity.比较：fellow：researcher研究员Fulbrightfellow富布赖特研究员FulbrightScholar富布赖特学者背景：富布赖特项目是美国在全球范围内开展的,有良好声誉的大规模国际合作.该项目创建于1946年,以其倡议者前美国参议员富布赖特命名,旨在通.目前,约有来自140多个国家的交流项目过教育和文化交流来促进国家间的相互了解25,5000人参与了此项目.中国是最早参与富布赖特项目的国家之一.中美富布赖特项目是根据两国政府协.该项目,中美富布赖特项目50名中国学者修.议,由中国教育部和美国国务院共同负责管理的国家项目由美国驻华大使馆和中国国家留学基金管理委员会共同实施.目前每年资助大约50名美国学者来华讲学和赴美研4.FollowingaveryhappytimeinEngland,whereheseemstohavehadasortofnervousbreakdown,hewenttoGermanytogethisPh.D.(1)breakdown:asuddenphysicalorpsychologicalcollapse崩溃扩充：breakdownShebrokedownonthewaytoprison.Thecarbrokedownonthewaytoprison.Outbreak:Asuddeneruption突然爆发anoutbreakofinfluenza5.Inmyordinaryseminaronquantummechanics,heusedtointerruptthespeaker,whoeveritwas,notexcludingmyself,andtosteptotheblackboard…(2.11)(1)seminar:扩充：colloquium,forum,workshop,discussiongroup，symposiumFortuneForum6.Thenextyear,DiraccameasavisitortoGottingenand,asithappened,roomedinthelargehouseofaphysiciannamedCariowhereOppenheimeralsohadaroom.(1)room:tooccupyaroom,lodge寄宿，住名词动用:a.表示物件的名词book,chair,pin,seat,map,picture,pencil,bag,bottle,pocketb.表示身体部位的名词hand,back,head,shoulder,finger,nose,eyec.表示某类人的名：词fool,nurse,host,doctor,man,soldier,officer,father,d.其它实物名：词10house,room,bridge,flower,floor,duste:抽象名词：winter,battle,hunger,anger,time,number7.ThismusthavehadaprofoundeffectonOppenheimer.Collocation:profoundeffect/influence/impactOtherexamples:开支票创造奇迹makewonder（wrong）Workwonder取得成就recordachievement好票goodseat衣食住行food,clothing,shelter,transportation8.Itwasagutsythingtodo.(4.6)(1)gutsy:(informal)courageous扩充:Guts:(slang)courageorboldnessHehasnoguts.他没种。Heisachicken.=cowardChick=girlChickmovie9.…shemighthaveachancetotalkwithotherpeoplewhowereinthesameboat.(1)inthesameboat:inthesamesituationasanotherorothers比较：同病相怜同舟共济Anoldsaying:Thoseinthesameboatshouldrowtogether同舟应共济我们应该同舟共济Asweareinthesameboat,weshouldrowtogether.Thoseinthes10.Iwassostruckbythefactthat,likeOppenheimer,Spenderseemed“unfocused”.(4.20)(1)strike:impressHestrikesmeassissy.C．Sentences1.Oppenheimerallowedonetofillintherestofthesentence.(3.line3fromthebottom)2.(As)interestingasitmighthavebeentoheartheresponses,thisdidnotseemtobethesortofanecdotethatwouldgooverespeciallywellataconferencedevotedtopoetry.(3.lastsentence)Gooverwell:bewellreceivedIrony3．Pittedagainsttheseexcellentreasonsformynotgoingtotheconferencewere11twoothersthatfinallycarriedtheday.(4.1)(1)topit:tosetincompetitionagainst;(2)tocarrytheday:towin4.…shewasfindingitprettyroughgoing.(1)rough:notsmooth(2)going:progressing5.Thisaside,IhadreadinthetentativeprogramoftheconferencethatoneoftheothertutorswastobeStephenSpender.(4.9)(1)thisa