一年带你读完黄老师笔记

斯辞典第462016/4/9)：第451页：学会使用deprive在英文的否定结构中有一种为动词，即字面看不到否定，但是含义是否定。deprive国学中得分16分（满分20分）Weshouldsparenoeffortsimprovingourselves,meanwhilemasterhightechnologyandprofessionalskills.Weshouldsparenoeffortsimprovingourselves,meanwhilemasterhightechnologyandprofessionalskills.ThenwecanmakeuseofittodevoteourselvestoTakemyfatherforexample,hewasdeniedhighereducationforhistoricalButheneverstoppedstudying.Hetookcoursesoflawinhissparetime.Laterhebecamealawyer.第三句话的问题最大：…hewasdeniedhighereducationforhistoricalreasons.如翻译则是首先，这里的historicalreasons英文，也是读不懂的，因为如果不了解中国独特的历史，是无法理解到底什么是“历史原因”的，这种情况下，除了deny外，可以用theywantorneedyoutakeitawayfromthemoryoupreventthemfromhavingit.）所以这里应该是Becauseofpoliticalprejudice,hewasdeprivedoftheopportunitytoreceivecollege这段的第二个问题是它的段落逻辑：父亲通过称为工厂的技术员(technician)，这是可能的。但之间没有逻辑关系（Thereisnologicrelationshipbetweenanexperiencedtechnicianandasuccessfullawyer.)这个段落的第三个问题才是其他语言搭配和使用问题，masterhightechnologykeeptrackof因此，按照这个同学的用词水平，进行修改之后应该是这样写，更清晰易懂，符合故事发展的逻辑Myfatherstartedhisworkasaworkerinafactory,butthroughself-study,hebecameanexperiencedMyfatherstartedhisworkasaworkerinafactory,butthroughself-study,hebecameanexperiencedtechnician.Butheneverstopsstudying;nowheisthechiefengineerinahi-“Thestartisneveryourfinish.”He ls这些东西，如果到了的时候，即使给大家讲，大家也不见得听得进去，能听得懂，不见得452下降decrease和decline是替换义是Ifyoudescendorifyoudescendastaircase,youmovedownwardsfromahighertoalowerlevelFORMAL)，再应该优先使用decrease和decline这样没有其他意思的词汇，其中decline我们面专门讲过。《》的writingguide中曾经提到过以下用词原则 UseasfewwordsasyoucanDeleteunnecessarywords.不必要的用词ActiveVoiceinsteadofpassivevoice.inwords,ratherthanslangs,colloquialwordsAvoidtaboos.避免使用语Usetransitiveverb：现在大家是背词和认知，终归有一天你会认识到，怎样选词才是个大学问，这甚至比descend的453consecrate和desecrate可以对比前者为神圣后者为此外我们还曾经学过和profane，这两个词中也是454：designer本词原是医学术语其中的certaincharacteristics因此designer儿称为designerbaby。随着讨论，该词进入用词，最后称为用语。,,D字母中的情绪词汇极多，本页中就有三个,desolation,despair,desperation.这三个词中应该注意desperation，虽然也翻译成“绝望”，但是含义却是不同的：desolation和强调试图改desolation:hopelessnessanddesperation:…thefeelingthatyouhavedespair:nothingcanyouareinsuchabadsituationthatyouwillanythingtochange但是在翻译的时候，大多数desperation因此在写作的时候，可以使用desperate：1）注意例句中的：…areindesperateneed…，如果将其变成：beindesperateneedof2）注意第二释义中的Youaredesperateforsomething/Youaredesperatetodosomething:含3）adesperatesituation:adifficult个人感觉，desperate做“失望”讲用disappointment急需”，可以beingreatneed,beinurgentneed，都比好拼写。456斯的解释比较简略：…whatwillhappeninthefuture,especiallywhenitisconsideredtobecontrolledbysomeoneorsomethingelse.斯特的解释详细些：WebsterDictionary的解释相似些：Somethingtowhicha orthingisdestined:Fortune.2.apredeterminedcourseofeventsoftenheldtobeirresistiblepoweroragency.从上述释义看，美语中destiny的解释给人以消极的感觉，尤其是释义二，“难以抗拒的力量”(irresistiblepower)例句1：Educationcangiveyouthepowertoshapeyourowndestiny.把第二人称略做修改，写成Educationcangivemanyambitiousyoungpeoplethepowertoshapetheirowndestiny.（教Wedon’tknowwhatdestinyhasnnedforus.Butstronginwill,wefind,westrive,butweneveryield我们意志坚强，去寻找、去争取、但是决不放弃。（用这句写confidencediligenceoptimism志价值观的题材，基本通用DestinyBemasterofyourowndestinyBeincontrolofyourown“富强”是我们这个文化氛围中的常用词句，英美文化也有这样的词句，如challenge,dedication,responsibilityconfidencecooperationability,还有我们今天讲的destiny：如果写作时能直接想到这YoungstersmighthavesomebigchallengesintheirlifeButwhentheydedicatethemselvestotheircareers,theywillbuildupself-confidenceandthengraduallydevelopawiderangeofabilities.Inthissituation,eventhoughtheydon’tknowwhatdestinyhasnnedforthem,theycanbemastersoftheirowndestinyAsanoldsayinggoes,“Stronginwilltofindtostrivebutnottoyield.”（自己翻翻看，记得牢一些）457汇，但是detail作：IfeelsweetwhenthinkingaboutmyLastChildren’sDay.Iwaslyinginbedandexpectedtoreceiveaspecialgiftonmylastchildren’sday.Tomysurprise,myparentsaskedmetobeavolunteertopickupthetrasharoundourneighborhood.Atfirst,Irefusedtodoso,becauseitistooshamefulandawkwardtobeseenbymyfriends.butIagreeditintheend,becausetheytoldme:dear,youknowtheworldweliveonisgettingworseandworse,andwemustdosomethingtoprotectit.Maybeitisonlyatinythingyoudo,butifyouinsist,itwillhaveamagicpower,ingabig样，那么什么叫detail呢？斯辞典的解释为围绕人或者物的事实和信息（Detailsaboutsomeoneorsomethingarefactsorpiecesofinformationaboutthem.）在叙述中可以是音容笑貌、心理活动、甚原文写IfeelsweetwhenthinkingaboutmyLastChildren’sDay.IalwaysfeelsweetwheneverthinkingofmylastChildren’sDay,becauseIdrawausefullessonfrommyparents,ratherthangiftsandpraiseasIwaslyingonthebedandexpectedtoreceiveaspecialgiftonmylastchildren’sday.Tomysurprise,myparentsaskedmetobeavolunteertopickupthetrasharoundour“Whatifmyfriendsseemeintheneighborhood?Theywouldlaughatme.”I“theneighborhoodisdirty,andwemustdosomethingaboutit.”“Butotherscandoit,too!Leavethatjobtothem!”Ied(argued).“Whatifothersthinkinthesamewayyou?”Mymothersaid词，如shameful,awkward。Atfirst,Irefusedtodoso,becauseitistooshamefulandawkwardtobeseenbymyShepaused,andthenpattedmeonthehead,“Inthatcase,wewillneverhaveacleanandcomfortableenvironment,won’twe?lme,mydear,whatisavolunteer?”Ishookmyheadin“Itmeansa whooffershishelpwithoutbeingd.Whatyoudotodayisbeneficialtoourneighborhood.Withyourdedication,thecommunitywill ecleanandcomfortable.Inthatcase,howcouldyourfriendslaughatyou?Andasyourmom,Iwillbeproudofyou,becauseIhaveakidwithasenseofresponsibility.”butIagreeditintheend,becausetheytoldme:dear,youknowtheworldweliveonisgettingworseandworse,andwemustdosomethingtoprotectit.Maybeitisonlyatinythingyoudo,butifyouinsist,itwillhaveamagicpower, ingabigthingMymom’swordsweresomovingthatIfeltgreatlyencouraged.Imadeupmymind,followinghertotheneighborhood.Tomysurprise,manyofmyfriendshadalreadybeen neighborhoodbecamealargeandbeautiful458本词的难度在于，只告诉我们Ifsomethingdeteriorates,it esworseinsomeway，却没有告诉我们应该使用什么名词才能和deteriorate搭配，这是一种很纠结的状态，认识一个词汇，也读了还有一种办法是将deteriorate控制在较为含混的名词前面，如conditions,situations，就可以使用459：destroy《词典》的解释：todamagesomethingsoseverelythatitnolongerexistsorcanneverreturntoitsoriginalstate：严重损坏，以致无法存在，或者归于无法回归原始状态《传统词典》的解释则是：toruincompley。可见destroy的程度之重。改作文的时候，曾经有个学生写My.brokedown胜改，上课的时候没有时间讲，于是决定每天一个词，不讲释义，只讲搭配使例句：ThinkaboutthoserefugeesinWenchuanregionTheirlifehasbeenvirtuallydestroyedbyanearthquake.Isn’titourresponsibilitytoextendahelhandandrescuethemfromthe们从困境中出来吗？（可用于“爱心”话题的例证，在这个语境下