小学音标教程

英语国际音标

？？？Askandanswer:为什么要学习音标？？？？tiger['taɪgə]老虎1.发音准确，说地道的英语2.拼读法记忆单词3.提高自主性，增加词汇量4.整体语感提高TheAlphabetAaBbCcDdEeFf[ei]

[bi:]

[si:]

[di:]

[i:]

[ef]

[b]

[i:]

[s]

[i:]

[d]

[i:]

[e]

[f]

元音辅音[i:]

[ei]

[b]

[s]

[d]

[e]

[f]

英语的音标和汉字的拼音一样，用来拼读的拼音=音标韵母元音声母辅音音素和国际音标

1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4．什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5．什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来

记录世界各主要语言的语音。7.开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,bike,home,due,

plane,shineb)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello8.闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant9.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。元音12个单元音长元音[a:][ә:][i:][ɔ:][u:]短元音[Λ][ә][i][ɔ][u][æ][e]8个双元音[ai]

[ei][ɔi][iә][eә][uә][au][әu]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][∫][t∫][tr][θ][ts]浊辅音[b]

[d][g][v][z][3][d3][dr][ð][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][η]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]1.

音标必须写在括号里，常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种，其上端不顶第一线，大致与大写字母相齐，下端在第三格的中2.

音标没有书写体，也没有大小写，因此书写时必须和印刷体一样，直上直下，没有斜度，其书写规格如下所列。3.

下面几个音标是最容易写错的，一定要注意：[ai]和[au]不要写成[Ai]和[Au]，[A:]不要写成[a:]。在打字的时候，不要用a来代替A,把[A:]打成[a:]，也不要用g来代替G，把[GE:l]打成[gE:l]。4.

音标没有书写体，也没有大小写，因此书写时必须和印刷体一样，直上直下，没有斜度，其书写规格如下页所列。

音标的书写_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[iə][ɛə][uə]

[ei][ai][əu][au]

[ɔi]

[i:][i][e][æ][a:][]

[ə:][ə]

[ɔ:][ɔ][u:]

[u]Λ元音vowels(20个)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[p]

[b]

[t][d][k][g][f][v][s][z]

[h]

[w][j][][][t

][d]ʒʒ[tr][dr][ts][dz][m][n][ŋ][l][r][][]ðθ辅音consonants(28个)单元音SingleVowlesLesson1_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[i:][i][e][æ][a:][ɔ:][ɔ][u:]

[u]Λ

[]

[ə:][ə]单元音vowels(12个)carfardarkhalfpalmlaughauntbasketReadthewords[a:]aralauaporkhorsedaughterbecausetalltalkdoorfloormorestoreReadthewordsoraualoorore[ɔ:]

earth heardnursehurt skirtfirmherpersonwordwork

Whatletterorlettergroupmakes

[ə:]?earurirerorhesheChineseeseefeetsheepeeeatreadmeateafieldbelievebelief

iereceiveseize

ei/i:/Whatletterorlettergroupmakes

/i:/?

wemeshekneetreesheepthreecanteenTheseChinese[i:]ReadthewordsmoodbootzoomovewhoserulerJunesoupgroupooououReadthewordsbusrunlucknothinglovecountryyoung[Λ]uoousunnylunchduckbutjumpfunrunhundredmuchjust[]vsorrydogcopywashwhatReadthewords[ɔ]oasocksnotofhotsorrytockdonkeylongoffstop[]c

[ə]

agoagainaddresshundredparentwaterteacherworkertodaypolicemancolourdoctor

a

eeroor/ourbusyveryladyy/i/livemissrichibesidedecideelectevillagecouragecottagea

[i]milkminutefishwindowfitrabbitismusichisfifteen

cooklookfootwouldcouldshouldputJuly

[U]ooouluReadthewordsfullcouldtookgoodwoodcookputstoodpullfootGood,better,best.Neverletitrest.Tillgoodisbetter.Andbetterbest.前元音，嘴半开，嘴角向两边展开呈扁形。飞天喷火龙小小龙[bed][bel][eɡ][e]恐龙蛋[e][e][e]breadheaddeadweatherea/e/bedfedtenbestaanythingmanye[e]legeggbeddeskpenelephantgetsevenyeselevenWordstoreadsadmadmanbadapplehatgladfactstandfamilyfatcatbag/æ/a[æ]pantsmapatcapcanmanyhasblacksplashsalad双元音DoubleVowels(8)Lesson2whitericewrite

icelikenicetimeride[ai]ReadthewordsIlifequietmindpricenightdieshywhiteliehighTonguetwisterMikelikestowritebythebrightlightatnight.

2.Somepeoplelaugh,somepeoplecry;somegiveupandsomestilltry;somewillsayhiwhensomesaybye;somewillforgetyoubutwillneverI!cakefacenamemakeplacetakesnakegrapebabypotato[ei]facesamegameplaywastehatelatehaycomplainfamousReadthewordsReadthewords

Boysandgirls,pleasepayattentionto“oy”!boytoyjoy

soyannoyingemployReadthewordsNowpleasepayattentionto“oi”!

oilsoilboilcoinpointnoise

Readthewordsbeerdeerpioneerpeer

earhearnearfearcleartearappearheremereReadthewords

darecaresharebarerarehairflairfairstairrepairpearwearwhere

TongueTwister

Thepeartreebearsapear,Underthepear

There’sababybear,Thebabybearplaysapear.Readthewords

sureunsure

poormoortourTongueTwisterSuresuresure,Poorpoorpoor,I’msureyouknowI’mpoor,SoIcan’tgotomakeatour.howaboutshoutcow

loudmousegroundhourcrownmouthReadthewordsCokethosehold

OKoversogopotatotomatophoto[əu]roadcoatgoatboatloadcoldsmokego

homehopeReadthewords辅音28个辅音Consonants(28个)1.爆破音

[p]Practicemakesperfect.[b]Barryfoundabigbugonherbed.[t]Thisisahat,that’sacap.[d]ThedoormantoldDavidtogodown.[k]Don’tkitthekitten.[g]Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.[p]发这个音的字母和字母组合ppp

p:pianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstoppp:applehappy[b]发这个音的字母和字母组合bbb

b:bookballbirdbigboybagbananabb:rubberrabbitcabbage[p] [b]pay---baypear–bearpen---Benpig---big[p] [b]cap---cablap---labtap---tabrope---robe[t]发这个音的字母和字母组合ttt

t:tableteataxicatratfatticketTt:buttermatter[d]发这个音的字母和字母组合ded

d:duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcolded:smiledopenedplayed[t] [d]town–downtie–dietear–deartouch–Dutch[t] [d]bent–bendright–ridelent–lendbet–bed[k]发这个音的字母和字母组合ckckc:capcookcupcarcanclassk:cookmilkkeydeskkitecakeck:clocksockcockneck[g]发这个音的字母和字母组合gggg:glassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflaggg:egg[k] [g]Kate–gatecard–guardcould–goodcoat–goat[k] [g]pick–pigflak–flagback–bagLock–log两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变成浊辅音，或叫浊化[sp]→[sb]

[st]→[sd][sk]→[sg]speakspitspystudystarstartskyschoolscreen摩擦音[f]Ifyoubuyfish,makesureit’sfresh.[v]Victorisveryclever.[

]Thankyouforyourtablecloth.[

ð]Thosearefarandthesearenear.[s]Sandyhasanewswimmingsuit.[z]WhatsizeofshoesdoesDaisywear?

[f]发这个音的字母和字母组合fffphghf:fivefanflowerfishfourleafff:giraffeph:phoneelephantphotogh:laugh

[v]发这个音的字母和字母组合vvev:videovasevestve:fiveloveviolin[s]发这个音的字母和字母组合scssces:starsunsnakeseaseec:pencilcitycedarceilingcelebrate

ss:grassglassclassbossce:faceracericenice

[z]发这个音的字母和字母组合zssez:zerozebrazoos:bagsphotossistersse:noserose[θ]发这个音的字母和字母组合thth:threethinthirdteethmouth[ð]发这个音的字母和字母组合thth:fathermotherbrotherclothesweather[

]

sure,she,social,nation

Washthefish,please.[ʒ]

pleasure,

televisionGeorgemeasuredthegaragewithpleasure.[∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合sshs:sugarsuresh:shipsheepwashcashshopshe[3]发这个音的字母和字母组合ss:television,usually,Asiameasureagarage,anunusualcollision;agreatdecision;mypleasure

破擦音

[t]

Heteacheschildrenhowtoplaychess.[d]Johnlikestotelljokes.

[tr]There’relotsoftrucksinthestreet.[dr]Helikesstrongdrinks.[ts]Thestudentsarewearingwhiteshirts.[dz]Takeawayyourdirtyhands.

ʒ[t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合chtchch:teacherpeachcherrychairtch:watchmatch[d3]发这个音的字母和字母组合gjdgeg:gingergiraffej:jumpjobjamge:orangecabbagecage[ts]发这个音的字母和字母组合tstes

ts:seatsgoatscoatscatspetseatstes:gateskitesdatestastes[dz]发这个音的字母和字母组合dsdesds:seedswoodsfriendsbirdsbedsdes:rides[tr]发这个音的字母和字母组合trtr:treetrucktrousersstrawberrytrick[dr]发这个音的字母和字母组合drdr:drawdrinkdriverdragondry鼻音[m]MayIhavesomemilk,mum?[n]Noraknowsthenewcomer.[ŋ]Linglingislisteningtothesong.Comparen[n]ng/nk[ŋ]

in—inksin-singthin---thingthan—thankson---song

[m]发这个音的字母和字母组合mmb

m:mouthmousemilkmonkeymoonmoneymummb:climbcombthumb[n]发这个音的字母和字母组合nkngnn:nosenetnutbanananoodlestrainrainplanedownkn:kneeknifeknockgn:sign[η]发这个音的字母和字母组合nngn:inkbanktankfingerng:singhangsongkingreadingrunning[h]

havehot,whowhole

hatehouseHelenholdsherhands.[r]发这个音的字母和字母组合rrrwrr:riceroomrideroadroserr:mirrorcarrotparrotwr:writewrongwrap舌边音:[l]land,world

如果在后面读[ł]little,middle,castle，puzzleWhatabea