上海市高考英语-阅读理解试题(含答案)

上海市高考英语阅读理解试题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解

Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobecomeshort-sightedinlatelife,astudyhasshown.

Asmanyasaquarterofallcasesofshort-sightednessarecausedbytoogreatanexposuretosunlightinthefirstweeksoflife,sayeyeexperts.

Theyareadvisingallparentstoputsunglassesontheirbabiesduringthefirstweeks.

Scientistshadalreadyestablishedthatover-exposuretosunlightcausedshortsightednessinanimals.

Researcherswhocomparedthemonthsinwhichbabieswerebornwithwhethertheyneededglasseslateronsaytheprinciplealsoappliestohumans.

Astudyofalmost300,000youngadults-thelargestofitskind-showedthatthoseborninJuneandJulyhada25percentgreaterchanceofbecomingseverelyshort-sightedthanthoseborninDecemberorJanuary.

ResearchleaderProfessorMichaelBelkin,ofTelAvivUniversity,saiditwasbecauseprolongedillumination(光照)causestheeyeballtolengthen-causingshort-sightedness.

Hencethemorelightanewbornisexposedto,themoretheeyeballlengthensandtheworsetheshort-sightednesswillbe.

Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.

Inyoungbabiesnotenoughmelatoninisreleasedasprotection,meaningtheyaremorevulnerabletosunburnandchangestoeyeballshape.

SightexpertProfessorDanielO'Leary,ofAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge,said"Atthemomentwedon'tknowtheprecisecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight,buttheevidenceseemstoprovethatitisoneofthereasonsforpeoplebecomingshortsighted."（1）Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobeshortsighted____________.A.

becausethesummersunistoostrongforbabiesB.

becausebabiesborninsummerhavelengthenedeyeballsC.

iftheyareexposedtoomuchsunlightinthefirstweeksaftertheyarebornD

ifparentsdon'tknowaproperwaytoprotecttheirbabies'eyes（2）Melatoninisakindofmaterialto___________.A.

preventtheeyesfrombecomingnear-sighted

B.

protecttheskinfromharmfulsunraysC.

makeourbodystrong

D.

protectbabies'eyesfromsummersun（3）FromwhatProfessorDanielO'Learysayswecanconcludethat___________.A.

thereisnoevidencethatshortsightednessisrelatedtoexposuretosunlightB.

whetherlightexposureaffectssightstillneedstobefurtherprovedC.

hebelievesthatlightexposurecancauseshortsightednessD.

hetriestogivethecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight（4）Theunderlinedword"vulnerable"inthepassageprobablymeans__________.A.

easytobeharmed

B.

resistant

C.

protective

D.

changeable【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段可知，眼科专家称：在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.“可知，褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段可知，剑桥大学的

视学专家DanielO'Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。故选C。（4）考查词义猜测。在婴幼儿时期，没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护，婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤，并且改变眼球的形状。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2．（2019•浙江）阅读理解

Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.

Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.

Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（资源）.

ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.

Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt（融雪）.

Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.（1）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.

Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B.

TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.

ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.

TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.（2）Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.

Ecologicalstudiesofforests.

B.

Banningwoodcutting.C.

Limitinghousingdevelopment.

D.

Firecontrolmeasures.（3）WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?A.

Inadequatesnowmelt.

B.

Alongerdryseason.C.

Awarmerclimate.

D.

Dampnessoftheair.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.

CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon.C.

WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.

PatrickMclntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。（1）段落大意题。第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句，意思是：在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。（2）细节理解题。题干中的well-intentioned意为“好意的”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。（3）细节理解题。将watershortage

定位在第五段，而Mclntyre在最后一段，根据

thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。（4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。3．阅读理解

NhonLy,a55-year-oldVietnamese-bornprofessionalbodybuilderfromCaliforniahasbeenawardedthe"real-lifeMasterRoshi"forhisunbelievablesimilaritytothepopularDragonBallZanime(日本动漫)character.

Lycertainlydoesn'tlooklikeanyothertypical55-year-oldman.Infact,helooksalotbetterthanmostguysintheir20s,withhislean(瘦且健康的),strongmusclesandyouthfulattitude.Buthe'sabsolutelynottheonly50-somethingmanwhohasthestrongmuscleintheworld.

WhatreallysetsNhonLyapartfromalltherestishisunbelievablesimilaritytoDragonBallZcharacterMasterRoshi,alsoknownastheTurtleHermit,inhis"finalform".AndheapparentlylikedthecomparisonsomuchthatheevensethisInstagramhandleas@master_roshi_real_life.

AccordingtoMadnessMedia,LyimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1980,attheageof16.Hegotajobasapedicurist(修脚师)atanailsalon,andworkedhiswayuptosalonowner.Althoughhehasachievedsomuch,bodybuildinghasalwaysbeenhisbiggestlove.Hehascompetedinseveralprofessionalbodybuildingevents,withhismostnotableresultsbeingthe4thplaceatthe2011USChampionship,the7thplaceatthe2012edition,andthe5thplaceatthe2015Nationals.

Evenat55,NhonLycontinuestotrainhardinthegyminordertokeephisMasterRoshilook.Healsolikestosharephotosandvideoswithhis40,000fans,manyofwhomareDragonBallZfans.Theyroutinelypostalargequantityofcomments,thankinghimfortrainingGoku,whoisthemaincharacterinDragonBallmedia,andaskinghimtotrainthemintheartofbodybuilding.（1）WhyisNhonLycalled"real-lifeMasterRoshi"?A.

HelooksextremelysimilartoMasterRoshi.B.

HeisquitegoodattrainingpeoplelikeGoku.C.

HehasthesamelifestoriesasMasterRoshi.D.

HeholdsaspecialattitudetoDragonBallZ.（2）HowdoesNhonLyfeelabouthis"newname"?A.

Hefindsittypicalyetsilly.

B.

Hethinksitcanbepopular.C.

Heisfondofitverymuch.

D.

Heconsidersitembarrassing.（3）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeNhonLy?A.

Confidentandwealthy.

B.

Creativeandambitious.C.

Athleticandhardworking.

D.

Healthyandgenerous.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

SuccessComesFromContinuousEffortsandDreamsB.

GreatAchievementsofanOldbutStillPositiveAthleteC.

UnbelievableLifeExperiencesofanAnimeCharacterD.

A55-year-oldManIsKnownforLookingLikeMasterRoshi【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。他看起来比20多岁的小伙子还要年轻健美，这源于他多年坚持不断的健身。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段”NhonLy,a55-year-oldVietnamese-bornprofessionalbodybuilderfromCaliforniahasbeenawardedthe“real-lifeMasterRoshi"forhisunbelievablesimilaritytothepopularDragonBallZ

anime(日本动漫)

character.“55岁的NhonLy是一名出生于越南的职业健美运动员，来自加利福尼亚。他被授予“现实生活中的Roshi大师”称号，因为他和流行的龙珠Z动画人物有着令人难以置信的相似之处。可知，尼汉·莱被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号是因为他与《龙珠Z》中的动画人物龟仙人极其相像。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“AndheapparentlylikedthecomparisonsomuchthatheevensethisInstagramhandleasCcOmaster_roshi_real_life.”他显然非常喜欢这种比较，甚至把自己的Instagram账号设为“roshi_real_life”。可推断，尼汉·莱非常喜欢他的“新名字”。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Infact.helooksalotbetterthanmostguysintheir20s.withhislean，strongmusclesandyouthfulattitude.”事实上。他看起来比大多数20多岁的年轻人好得多，肌肉结实，有年轻的态度。；第三段中的“Hegotajobasapedicurist(修脚师)atanailsalon,andworkedhiswayuptosalonowner.”他在一家美甲沙龙找到了一份修脚师的工作，并一步步成为美甲沙龙的老板；以及第四段“Evenat55,NhonI_vcontinuestotrainhardinthegyminordertokeephisMasterRoshilook.“即使在55岁的时候，NhonI_v仍然在健身房刻苦训练，以保持他的Roshi大师的形象。可推断，尼汉·莱体格健壮且勤奋。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了55岁的职业健美运动员尼汉·莱因其与流行的《龙珠Z》中的动面人物龟仙人看起来相像而被授予“现实生活版的龟仙人”的称号。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．（2019•全国Ⅲ）阅读理解

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"-atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny-usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.（1）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.

Academic.

B.

Unattractive.

C.

Inexpensive.

D.

Confidential.（2）Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A.

Theywouldbepricedhigher.

B.

Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C.

Theycouldhavemorereaders.

D.

Theycouldregainpublictrust.（3）Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A.

Localpoliticians.

B.

Commonpeople.

C.

Youngpublishers.

D.

Richbusinessmen.（4）Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A.

Itwasadifficultprocess.

B.

Itwasatemporarysuccess.C.

Itwasarobberyofthepoor.

D.

Itwasadisasterforprinters.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。（1）细节理解题。将题干中的

1830s定位在文章的第一段，根据theseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens

和mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience可知，当时只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让人感觉无聊。由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。A

.

Academic学术的；B.

Unattractive没有吸引力，

无魅力的；

C.

Inexpensive廉价的，不贵的；

D.

Confidential机密的，保密的。故答案为B。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买到报纸。

结合第三段中间的

streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。故答案为C。（3）细节理解题。根据第二段中的referringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic可知，这种“便士报纸”是针对大众的，在街上可以买得到报纸。所以这种报纸针对的是普通老百姓，故答案为B。（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的didnotbeginwell…immediatefailures…可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。故答案为A。【点评】这是一篇科普类的说明文，阅读时把握文章的主旨，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题时，确定问题中的关键词，然后在文章中准确定位，认真分析相关的语句即可得到答案。5．阅读理解

Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettingfewermarksevenafterhardwork.Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.

Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.

Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame.

Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.

Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenruntoschool,torunforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasonthetrackteam.

InFebruary1934,inNewYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungmanwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelyneverwalk,whocouldneverhopetorun-thisdeterminedyoungman,Dr.GlennCunningham,rantheworld'sfastestmile.

Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,andhisstory,abrilliantevidencetohowonecanbouncebackevenwhenalldifficultiesarepiledagainstone,tothedegreethatdeathseemedthepreferableoption.（1）Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A.

presentanargument

B.

makepreparationsforstatementC.

arousereaders'interest

D.

functionasabriefintroduction（2）Whatwasthedoctor'sopinionaboutGlenn?A.

Glennwasabletowalkwithhisowngreateffort.B.

GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferencetoGlenn.C.

TherewasaslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.D.

Glenncouldliveanormallifewiththeupperhalt"ofhisbody.（3）WhatdoweknowaboutGlenn?A.

Glenntookrecoveryexerciseinhospital.

B.

Glenninspiredpeoplewithhismovingstory.C.

GlennwonthefirstplaceinMarathon.

D.

Glennorganizedatrackteamincollege.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

Strengthendetermination

B.

StandupafterfailureC.

Goafterdreams

D.

Facedifficultybravely【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.和Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B项Standupafterfailure。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

6．阅读理解

AfamousAnglicanChurchstandsinaquietcornerofDunedininNewZealand'sSouthIsland.Builtin1865,itisthecity'soldestchurchstillinuse.Countlesscoupleshavegatheredheretomarry.It'swheremorningtearsareshared,friendshipsformedandcomfortgivenduringtimesofloss.

Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe"JohnAllenwindow",onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.

JohnwasthesonofSirJamesAllen,whoasMinisterofDefense,helpedplanandadministerNewZealand'sWorldWarIstrategy,whichsaw100,000troopssenttofight.Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschosetoinstallawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamilyhadstrongties.

Dividedintotwoparts,onedepicts(描绘)St.George,thepatronsaint(守护神)ofsoldiers,whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthebottom,"JohnHughAllGallipoli,6thJune,1915".Twotreeswithlocalbirdsonthebranchescanbeseenandakiwiwalksatthebottom-remindersthatJohnwasaloverofbirds.

"Therearemanywarmemorialsinthechurch,"saysthechurch."Howeverthe'JohnAllenwindow'standsout;ittouchespeoplebecauseofthebeautifuldesign,theNewZealandbirdsandbecauseJohn'sstory,ofalifesofullofpromiseendingtragicallyinthewar,reflectsthelivesandstoriesofsomanyothersinvolvedinWorldWarI."（1）Whatdoestheword"portrays"inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.

Starts.

B.

Changes.

C.

Treasures.

D.

Represents.（2）SirJamesAllenbuiltthe"JohnAllenwindow"to______________.A.celebratetheendofWorldWarIB.honorthetroopsintheGallipolicampaignC.rememberhisson'ssacrificetothecountryD.showthefamily'sclosetieswiththechurch（3）Whatmightbethemainthemeofthepicturesonthewindow?A.Freedomandequality.B.Peaceandwar.C.Humanandnature.D.Marriageandfamily.（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ABraveSoldierB.WindowonaLifeC.CrueltyoftheWarD.AGrandChurch【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲而绘制的，主题体现了战争与和平。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“theshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.可知被称为“JohnAllenwindow”的一扇窗户描绘了当地男子JohnAllen短暂的一生，他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。可知portrays意思为“描绘”，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschosetoinstallawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamilyhadstrongties.”随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世，SirJames选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联系。可知SirJamesAllen建造了“JohnAllenwindow”，以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Dividedintotwoparts,onedepictsSt.George,thepatronsaintofsoldiers，whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthebottom,“JohnHughAllGallipoli,6thJune,1915”.”绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着“JohnHughAllGallipoli，1915年6月6日”。可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段“Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe“JohnAllenwindow”,onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.”与许多教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。一个窗子被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。）以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Everymorning,BenMumfordstartshisschooldaywithmath.Attheageoften,heisalreadyworkingatGCSElevel,buthedoesnotalwaysbothertogetoutofhispajamas(睡衣裤)intimefortheclass.Hereadsmorebooksthanmostofhisfriends,studiesscienceonthebeach,andrecentlybuiltago-kart(卡丁车)inatechnologylesson.Benishappyandfulfilled,all,hismotherbelieves,thankstohomeschooling.

Homeschoolingisnotwhatitusedtobe.Whatemergedinthe1970sasawayforCatholic(信天主教的)parentstoinfuse(灌输)religionintotheirkids'educationisnowprobablythefastest-growingformofeducationintheU.K.Thenumberofhomeschooledchildrenhasrisenbyabout40percentoverthreeyears.Hereareahandfulofreasonswhyhomeschoolingmakessenseinthe21stcentury.

Contrarytothename,homeschoolingtakesplaceinanactualhomeonlyasmallpartoftime.Agreatdealofinstructionhappensinlibraries,museumsandcommunitycolleges.Theseexperienceshavetheeffectofhelpingkidsmaturemuchmorequicklyanddevelopingatraitofopen-mindedness.

Thekeyideaofhomeschoolingisthatkidsneedtolearnatthespeed,andinthestyle,mostappropriateforthem.Withoutformalcurriculumtoguidetheireducation,homeschoolersgetthechancetoexplorearangeoftopicsthatmightnotbenormallyoffereduntilhighschoolorcollege.Theycanstudypsychologyinthefourthgrade,orfinanceintheeighthgrade.

Themostcommonmisunderstandingabouthomeschoolersisthattheylacksocialskills.However,socialmediamakesitconvenientforhomeschoolersoftodaytohavejustasmuchopportunitytomakefriendsaskidsstudyingintraditionalschools.Meanwhile,theydonotneedtodealwiththepotentialproblemsofbeingaroundkidsinaschoolenvironment,includingbullying,whichmightresultinanxietyanddepression.

Formostpeople,schoolisreallygood,anditworksforthembecausetheylearninthewaythatschoolteaches.However,therearesomanydifferentwaysoflearningandprocessing(处理)informationandknowledge.Itdoesnotnecessarilyworkforeveryone.（1）WhatistheattitudeofBen'smothertowardshomeschooling?A.

Favorable.

B.

Critical.

C.

Indifferent.

D.

Doubtful.（2）Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.

Homeschoolersgrowupmorequickly.B.

Homeschoolershavetroublemakingfriends.C.

Homeschooledchildrenlearninthewaytheylike.D.

Homeschooledchildrenjuststayathomeandgetknowledge.（3）Theunderlineword"trait"mostprobablymeans______.A.

ability.

B.

disadvantage.

C.

thought.

D.

characteristic.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Homeschoolingisontherise.

B.

Homeschoolingisnotforeveryone.C.

Homeschoolerscanlearnfreely.

D.

Homeschoolerscanmakemorefriends.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过BenMumford（本·芒福德）在家上学获得更大成长的故事引出并介绍了homeschooling（在家上学）这种学习方式，还介绍了在家上课的几点有意义的原因。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Benishappyandfulfilled,all,hismotherbelieves,thankstohomeschooling.”本的母亲认为，多亏了在家上学，他现在很快乐，也很充实。可知，本的母亲是支持homeschooling（在家上学）的。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Agreatdealofinstructionhappensinlibraries,museumsandcommunitycolleges.Theseexperienceshavetheeffectofhelpingkidsmaturemuchmorequicklyanddevelopingatraitofopen-mindedness.”这些经历能帮助孩子们更快地成熟，并培养出开放的思想。可知，在家上学者可以更迅速地成长。故选A。（3）考查词义猜测。根据open-mindedness意为“思想开放，心胸开阔”，可知这是发展一种品质，故此处trait应该意为“品质”，characteristic也有“品质，特点”之意。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Whatemergedinthe1970sasawayforCatholic(信天主教的)parentstoinfuse(灌输)religionintotheirkids'educationisnowprobablythefastest-growingformofeducationintheU.K.Thenumberofhomeschooledchildrenhasrisenbyabout40percentoverthreeyears.”上世纪70年代出现的一种方式，是信仰天主教父母将宗教灌输到孩子的教育中。如今，这种方式可能是英国增长最快的教育方式。可知，homeschooling（在家上学）这种学习方式正在蓬勃发展。所以短文的最佳标题为“家庭学校正在兴起”。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

In1963,atage65,mygrandfather,Erwin,decidedtobuildanewhouse.Hewasn'tquitesurewhattodowiththeoldhousesinceitsatwherethenewhousewouldbe.Hefinallyhiredapowerfulvehicletopushitfaroutintoasmallgroupoftrees.Thatoldhousesitstheretothisveryday.

Erwinandhiswife,Elida,passedaway,andIpurchasedthefarmfromtheirestate.MywifeandIraisedoursonsonthisp