17秋西南大学0057英语词汇学作业答案

1、“loseface”isa(n)rsemanticloanrdenizenralientranslationloan2、TheUnitedNationshasappealedforhelpfromthecommunity.r1. A.within-nationalr2. intra-national. 6一,、守internationalrin-national3、Comeon!Cheerup!Don,tjustsithereasstiffasa.r/poker'rpatientrqueenrking4、Youwerenotseriouslyinjured.Don’tmakeaoutofa। Umountain,molehillrmount,molehillrhill,molehillrmolehill,mountain5、Afteramealinarestaurant,youaskthewaiterforthe.rnote

receipt「billIrmenu6、Wordswithsuchclustersas“ch”，“ph”，“pn”，“rh”asinchasm,phone,pneumaticandrhetoricaremostprobrGermanrChineserGreekLatin''7、In“Tom’sfamilykeepagoodtable”,thewordtablemeans.foodanddrinksservedatmealsrnoneoftheaboverpeopleassembledaroundatable,asatmealsrthepieceoffurniturewithaflathorizontalsurfacesupportedbyoneormoreverticallegsbehaviour.8、Weeventuallyranoutofpatiencewithhisbehaviour.childish''rchildlikerchildrchildy9、Hewasofhavingaskedsuchasillyquestion.1. miserable2.3.guiltysorry2.3.4.ashamed4.10、Itookonlyaofbeanswithmeandleft.rhandhandful"rhandyrhanded,sotheresearchgroupdidnotreachits11、Themissilesmissedtheir,sotheresearchgroupdidnotreachitsrtarget,targetrgoal,goalrgoal,target/r,,、守target,goal12、Nonewideasfromthemeeting.rmergedrsubmergedar *emergedrimmerged13、Whichofthefollowingwordshasgonethroughthesemanticchangeofsubjectification?rcornrgossiprmaid/r/very14、Havinglostthematch,theteamwenthomeinspirits.1.D.dark2.deep3.4.4.empty15、TheOldEnglishwordst豆nmeansinmodernEnglish.1.stalig2.stole3.stain4.stone'16、Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,hehisformerposition.1.C.presumed2.resumed'3.assumed4.consumed17、In“Elizabethcouldhearvoicesthroughtheopendoor”,theworddoormeans1.themoveablebarrierintheentrancetoabuilding,room,cupboard,car,etc.'2.thechanneltoacertainplace3.Noneoftheabove4.thepanelboard18、Amongthesynonymousgroup,oldman,daddy,dad,fatherandmaleparent,wouldmostprobablyi1.B.maleparent2.2.father3.oldman4.dad19、Whichofthefollowingusuallyappearsinpoems?1.2.steed3.horse4.gee-gee20、Themaincharactersinthenovelseemsotruetolife,butactually,theyareentirely1.imaginative2.imagined3.imaginable4.imaginary'判断题21、OldEnglishisanon-inflectionallanguage.OI,a.Y「B.x[22、ManywordsinEnglishvocabularyarecompositional.a.Y，rTOC\o"1-5"\h\zB.x23、In“Ihaven'tseenyouforages"，hyperboleisemployed.「A」rB.x24、Thewordnicehasgonethroughasemanticchangecalled“generalization”.A.YTOC\o"1-5"\h\z「B.x [25、IntheMiddleEnglishperiod,Englishlostmostofitsinflections.aN 1rB.x26、LatinelementwasfirstbroughtintoEnglishbyGermanictribes.OI,aN「B.x'27、Connotativemeaningofawordisrelativelystableandinsensitivetothechangeofcontext.OI,aN「B.x[28、LondondialectbegantospreadasStandardEnglishintheMiddleEnglishperiod.cA.yirB.x29、FarewellisshortenedfromFaretheewell.a.Y，rB.x30、AmEandBrEsharesallgrammaticalrules.OI,aN「B.xr31、Comparativelyspeaking,askismoreformalthaninterrogate.a.Y「B.x[32、“Justasecond!”isacaseoflitotes(understatement).a.Y，rB.x33、Answeringthequestion“Willyoumarryme?”with“Yes,Iwill”,thespeakerisusingsubstitution.OI,aN「B.x[34、Thevocabularyofanylanguageneverremainsstable;itisconstantlychanging.1. 「a.Y，r2. B.x35、Inthesentence,“IpresumethatyouareDr.Livingstone”,presumecanbereplacedby“suppose”.aN1r2. B.x36、air-conditionerisawordderivedfromaddingertoair-condition.OI,aN0B.x[37、Aword,carforexample,maymeandifferentlytodifferentpeople.1. a.Y'r2. B.x38、Accordingtocognitivesemantics,ourmindcanbeexploredviathestudyoflinguisticmeanings.1. 「aN2.B.x2.39、Comparedwithhorse,gee-gesestylisticallymoreformal.OI,a.Y0B.x'40、ForanEnglishword,theshiftofstressmayindicateachangeofpartofspeech;exportisaperfectexample.aN，rB.x主观题41、grammaticalmeaning参考答案：Grammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofmeaningwhichindicatesgrammaticalrelationshipsoffunctions,suchastensemeapluralmeaningsofwords,etc.42、translationloan参考答案：AtranslationloanisawordoranexpressionformedfromthematerialalreadyexistingintheEnglishlanguagebutaccordingtwayofliteralword-for-wordorroot-for-roottranslation.Examplesare“land-reform”,“mutual-aid”team,“nationalbourgeois:43、blending参考答案：Blendingreferstoprocessofmakinganewwordbycombiningpartsoftwoormorewords.Forexample,theword“brunch”“lunch”.jargon参考答案：Jargonarelanguagespeculiartoatrade,profession,orothergroup.Forexample,RAM,ROM,HardDisk,CPU,etc.arealljz45、freephrase参考答案：Freephrasesrefertoanygroupofwordsorexpressionscarryingmeaning.Forexample,“threeBritishexperts”isafreephra：needed,canbealtered,suchas“twoChinesestudents”,“100Africanmen”,“20readapples”,etc.,eachofwhichcarriesam(46、Stylistics参考答案：Thesystematicstudyofstylesofwords,expressionsandtext.47、meronymy参考答案：Meronymyreferstothepart-wholesenserelationship.Forexample,theword“body”and“head”,“arm”,“leg”,etc.haveaptrelationshipiscalled“meronymy”.48、affix参考答案：Anaffixisthemorphemeaddedtoarootandcontributestothemeaningofawordasawhole.Accordingtoitsposition,anaword,orsuffix,becauseitappearsfollowingtheword.Forexample,in“enlarge”,theaffix“en”isaprefix,becauseitisaddebecauseoftheadditionof“en”thatthenewverb“enlarge”ismadewithcausativemeaning.49、Whatislexicalmeaningandwhatareitsdifferenttypes?参考答案：Lexicalmeaningisthemeaningofanisolatedwordinadictionary.Thiscomponentofmeaningisregardedasbeingidenticalcanbedividedintofivedifferenttypes,i.e.conceptualmeaning,connotativemeaning,socialmeaning,affectivemeaningandcillustratedinthefollowing:Conceptualmeaning,alsoknownasdenotativemeaningorlogicalmeaning,isassumedtobethemostbasicandcentralfactthecoreofsemanticstudy.Theconceptualmeaningofawordindicatestheconcept,andisthusrelativelystable.Seethefollowbachelor:[+HUMAN,+ADULT,+MALE,-MARRIED]spinster:[+HUMAN,+ADULT,-MALE,-MARRIED]wife:[+HUMAN,+ADULT,-MALE,+MARRIED]Connotativemeaningorconnotationistheadditionalmeaningthatawordpossessesbeyonditscentralorconceptualmeaniassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaningoftheword.Seethefollowingexamples:boyconceptualmeaning[+HUMAN,+MALE,-ADULT]connotativemeaninglovable,naughty,noisy,irritating,etc.Connotativemeaningsorconnotationsoftentendtobevariableaccordingtosociety,time,culture,andeventheexperienceofe.g.“西风”vs.“westwind”:sharethesamedenotation,thewindblowingfromthewest“西风”:sadness,bitterness,coldness,departure,etc.“westwind”inBritain:agreeablefigureassociatedwithspringandflowersSocialmeaningofwordsreferstotheinformationaboutthepotentialsocialcircumstanceswherethewordsareappropriatethefollowingfactors:DIALECT(e.g.thelanguageofgeographicalregionorofasocialclass)TIME(e.g.thelanguageoftheeighteenthcentury,etc.)PROVINCE(e.g.languageoflaw,ofscience,ofadvertising,etc.)STATUS(e.g.polite,colloquial,slang,etc.)SINGULARITY(e.g.thestyleofDickens,ofHemingway,etc.)Affectivemeaningconveysthepersonalemotionsandattitudesofalanguageuser,includinghisattitudetothelistener,orhabout.Inthefollowing,wordsinColumnAareaffectivepositivewhilethoseinColumnBarenegativeinmeaning.A Bslim skinnynew unproveninexpensivecheapCollocativemeaningispartofthewordmeaningsuggestedbyitsrelationswiththewordsitcanco-occur.Itreferstothegrwordscanbeusedtogether.e.g.prettyvs.handsome.Althoughthesetwowordssharecommongroundinexpressingthemeaningof“good-looking”,theymaybedistinguishedbylinguists,term)collocatewith.50、Whatisaword?参考答案：Awordcanbesimpledefinedastheminimalmeaningfulfreeunitoflanguage.ThisdefinitionistobeunderstoodinthefromAwordisthesoundunitoflanguage.Awordisasoundunit(orunitofspeech)forthepurposeofcommunication.Inthissense,awordsoundinnatureandea(purpose(s).Eventhefirstwordutteredbyababyisforcommunication.Awordisasoundclusterconventionallysequenced.Inthissense,theorderofsoundelementsinawordisfixedandabidexample,fortheword/gsu/,thesequence/g/mustprecede/ou/,otherwise,itisnottheword“go”atall.Awordisacombinationofsoundandmeaningaccordingtotheconventionsofspecificlanguages.Forexample,thesour“enough(够)”inChinese.Awordisthesmallestfreeformoflanguage.Wordsarefreeformsofalanguage,i.e.,formsthatcanbemovedwithoutdestroyingthegrammaticalityofthesentence.“saw”and“Bill”canallmovefreelyandeachsentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.Incontrast,thelettersthatformawordarefixedwithrigidsequentialorder.Awordisthesmallestfreeformoflanguageitsmeaningorevenitsstatusasaword.Forexample,only“John”isaboy,sname,butnot“Jonh”,“Jhon”,“Jhno”or“Joan”.Awordisthebuildingblockforphraseandsentence.Whenseparatedfromthephrase,se