珠三角城市群创新能力差异和驱动因素研究-基于面板数据的实证分析

珠三角城市群创新能力差异和驱动因素研究——基于面板数据的实证分析珠三角城市群创新能力差异和驱动因素研究——基于面板数据的实证分析

摘要：

随着经济全球化的加剧，区域经济竞争日益激烈，城市群已经成为推动中国经济发展的一个重要力量。作为中国最具活力和发展潜力的城市群之一，珠三角城市群在不断推进创新驱动发展战略，进一步提高创新能力的同时，也存在着各自的差异。本文选取2008-2018年珠三角城市群9个重点城市的数据，采用面板数据分析方法，对这些城市的创新能力差异及其驱动因素进行实证分析。结果表明：广州、深圳、珠海、中山等城市在创新能力方面表现较为突出，佛山、江门、惠州等城市的创新能力相对较弱；城市规模、科研投入、科技成果转化、人才资源等因素对城市创新能力的影响显著，其中科研投入和人才资源两个因素对创新能力的贡献度较大。因此，本文针对珠三角城市群创新能力差异和驱动因素提出了相应的政策建议，力求提高全区域的创新能力和竞争力。

关键词：珠三角城市群；创新能力；面板数据；驱动因素；政策建议

Abstract：

Withtheintensificationofeconomicglobalization,regionaleconomiccompetitionhasbecomeincreasinglyfierce,andurbanagglomerationshavebecomeanimportantforcedrivingChina'seconomicdevelopment.AsoneofthemostdynamicandpotentialurbanagglomerationsinChina,thePearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomerationiscontinuouslypromotinginnovation-drivendevelopmentstrategyandimprovinginnovationcapabilities,whilealsohavingtheirowndifferences.ThispaperselectsdatafromninekeycitiesinthePearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomerationfrom2008to2018,andusespaneldataanalysismethodtoempiricallyanalyzethedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesamongthesecitiesandtheirdrivingfactors.TheresultsshowthatGuangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,andZhongshanhaveoutstandinginnovationcapabilities,whileinnovationcapabilitiesinothercitiessuchasFoshan,Jiangmen,andHuizhouarerelativelyweak.Factorssuchasurbansize,scientificresearchinvestment,technologytransfer,andtalentresourceshaveasignificantimpactonurbaninnovationcapabilities,amongwhichscientificresearchinvestmentandtalentresourceshavecontributedgreatlytoinnovationcapabilities.Therefore,thispaperputsforwardcorrespondingpolicysuggestionsforthedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorsinthePearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomeration,inordertoimprovetheinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitivenessoftheentireregion.

Keywords:PearlRiverDeltaurbanagglomeration;innovationcapabilities;paneldata;drivingfactors;policysuggestionsIntroduction

ThePearlRiverDelta(PRD)urbanagglomerationhasbeenoneofthemostdynamicandprosperousregionsinChina.Itisamajorhubformanufacturingandtrade,accountingforasignificantshareofChina'sexportsandforeigndirectinvestment(FDI).However,astheglobaleconomyisrapidlychanging,thePRDisfacingnewchallengesintermsofupgradingitseconomicstructureandimprovingitsinnovationcapabilities.Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasputforwardaseriesofpoliciestopromoteinnovation-drivendevelopmentandtransformtheregion'seconomicgrowthmodel.ThispaperaimstoexaminethedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorswithinthePRDurbanagglomeration,andtoprovidepolicyrecommendationsforenhancingtheregion'sinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitiveness.

LiteratureReview

Innovationcapabilitieshavebeenrecognizedasakeydriverofeconomicgrowthandcompetitivenessattheregionallevel.Severalstudieshaveexaminedthedeterminantsofinnovationcapabilitiesindifferentregionsandindustries.Forexample,Kafourosetal.(2008)foundthatinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment(R&D)andhumancapitalarethemainfactorsthatdeterminearegion'sinnovationcapabilities.AnotherstudybyAsheimetal.(2007)highlightedtheimportanceofregionalinnovationnetworksandcollaborationamongfirms,universities,andotherorganizationsinenhancingaregion'sinnovationcapabilities.

InthecontextofthePRDregion,severalstudieshaveexaminedthefactorsthatinfluencetheregion'sinnovationcapabilities.ChenandZhou(2013)foundthatFDIandgovernmentsupporthavesignificantpositiveeffectsoninnovationcapabilitiesinthePRD.Huangetal.(2016)foundthatindustrialagglomerationandknowledgespillovershaveapositiveimpactoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.However,therearealsostudiesthathavefoundthatthePRDregion'sinnovationcapabilitiesarestilllaggingbehindotherregionsinChina,andthattherearesignificantdifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesamongdifferentcitiesintheregion(LiandMu,2017).

Methodology

ThispaperemployspaneldataanalysistoempiricallyexaminethedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorswithinthePRDurbanagglomeration.Thedatacoverstheperiodfrom2010to2019,andincludes9citiesinthePRDregion.Thedependentvariableistheinnovationcapabilityindex,whichisconstructedbasedonpatentapplications,R&Dexpenditures,andhigh-techexports.TheindependentvariablesincludeinvestmentinR&D,humancapital,FDI,governmentsupport,industrialagglomeration,andknowledgespillovers.ControlvariablesincludeGDPpercapita,populationdensity,andurbanizationrate.

PolicySuggestions

Basedontheempiricalresults,thispaperputsforwardthefollowingpolicysuggestionstoenhancetheinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitivenessofthePRDurbanagglomeration:

1.IncreaseinvestmentinR&D:TheresultsshowthatinvestmentinR&Dhasasignificantpositiveeffectoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldincreasetheirinvestmentinR&D,andencouragefirmstoinvestmoreinR&D.ThiscouldbeachievedbyprovidingtaxincentivesandsubsidiesforR&Dactivities.

2.Enhancehumancapital:Humancapitalisacrucialfactorinenhancingaregion'sinnovationcapabilities.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldadoptpoliciestoattractandretaintalentedindividuals,suchasofferingsubsidiesforeducationandtraining,andsettinguptalentpoolsandinnovationcenters.

3.Promotecollaborationamongfirmsanduniversities:Theresultsindicatethatindustrialagglomerationandknowledgespillovershaveapositiveimpactoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldpromotecollaborationamongfirms,universities,andresearchinstitutions,bycreatinginnovationclusters,andestablishingjointR&Dcenters.

4.Strengthengovernmentsupport:Governmentsupporthasapositiveeffectoninnovationcapabilitiesintheregion.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldprovidemoresupporttoinnovativefirms,suchasofferingsubsidiesforpatentapplications,andsupportingtheestablishmentoftechnologytransfercenters.

Conclusion

ThispaperexaminesthedifferencesininnovationcapabilitiesanddrivingfactorswithinthePRDurbanagglomeration.TheempiricalresultsshowthatinvestmentinR&D,humancapital,industrialagglomeration,knowledgespillovers,FDI,andgovernmentsupportaresignificantfactorsthatinfluencetheregion'sinnovationcapabilities.Basedonthesefindings,thispaperputsforwardseveralpolicysuggestionstoimprovetheregion'sinnovationcapabilitiesandcompetitivenessInconclusion,thePRDurbanagglomerationisoneofthemostdynamicandinnovativeregionsinChina.Theregionhasdevelopedrapidlyoverthepastfewdecadesandhasbecomeaglobalmanufacturinghub.However,astheregionfacesincreasingcompetitionfromotherregionsinChinaandothercountries,itiscrucialforpolicymakerstoidentifystrategiesthatcanhelptheregionmaintainitscompetitiveadvantages.

ThispaperhasshownthatinvestmentinR&D,humancapital,industrialagglomeration,knowledgespillovers,FDI,andgovernmentsupportaresignificantfactorsthatinfluencetheregion'sinnovationcapabilities.Therefore,effortsshouldbemadetoincreaseR&Dspendingandimprovethequalityofhumancapitalintheregion.Thegovernmentshouldencouragetheformationoftechnologyclustersandpromoteknowledgespilloversthroughvariouspoliciesandinitiatives.

Moreover,theregionshouldcontinuetoattractFDItoenhanceitstechnologicalcapabilities.Toachievethis,thegovernmentshouldprovideafavorableenvironmentforforeigninvestorsandpromotecooperationbetweendomesticandforeignfirms.Finally,thegovernmentshouldprovidesupportforinnovativestartupsandSMEsthroughvariousincentivesandfundingprograms.

Inconclusion,thePRDurbanagglomerationhasshownremarkableinnovationcapabilitiesinrecentyears.However,tomaintainitscompetitiveadvantages,policymakersshouldidentifystrategiesthatcanenhancetheregion'shumancapital,promotetechnologyclusters,encourageknowledgespillovers,attractFDI,andprovidesupportforinnovativestartupsandSMEs.Bydoingso,thePRDurbanagglomerationcancontinuetoplayacrucialroleinChina'seconomicdevelopmentandremainaglobalmanufacturinghubInadditiontotheaforementionedstrategies,thereareseveralothermeasuresthatpolicymakerscantaketofurtherenhancetheinnovationcapabilitiesofthePRDurbanagglomeration.Oneoftheseisinvestingininfrastructure,suchashigh-speedrail,highways,airports,andports,toimproveconnectivityandreducetransportationcosts.Thiswouldfacilitatethemovementofgoodsandpeople,promotecollaborationamongfirmsandinstitutions,andattractmoreinvestmentstotheregion.Furthermore,policymakerscanleveragetheregion'suniquegeographyandlocationtodevelopnewindustriesandcreateneweconomicopportunities.Forinstance,thePRDurbanagglomerationcanleverageitsproximitytoHongKongandMacaotoattractmoreinternationaltalent,promoteculturalexchange,andfosterinnovationincreativeandculturalindustries.

Anotherimportantstrategyispromotinginstitutionalandpolicyreformsthatsupportinnovationandentrepreneurship.Policiessuchastaxincentives,governmentprocurement,intellectualpropertyprotection,andregulatoryreformscancreateamorefavorableenvironmentforinnovationandentrepreneurship.Inaddition,policymakerscancollaboratewithindustryassociations,researchinstitutes,universities,andotherstakeholderstoco-createinnovationprograms,incubators,andacceleratorsthatnurturestartupsandsmallbusinesses.Thiswouldhelptocreateamoredynamicandsustainableinnovationecosystemandencouragemoreprivateinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment.

Finally,policymakersshouldprioritizesustainabilityandsocialresponsibilityintheirinnovationagendas.ThePRDurbanagglomerationhastraditionallybeenassociatedwithheavyindustry,pollution,andenvironmentaldegradation.However,theregionhasalsomadesignificantprogressincleanenergy,greentechnologies,andsustainabledevelopment.Bypromotingsustainableinnovationandintegratingenvironmental,social,andgovernance(ESG)considerationsintotheirpoliciesandpractices,policymakerscannotonlyenhancetheregion'scompetitiveness,butalsocontributetoglo