文物建筑修复用天然水硬性石灰的有机-无机复合改性研究

文物建筑修复用天然水硬性石灰的有机-无机复合改性研究文物建筑修复用天然水硬性石灰的有机/无机复合改性研究

摘要：

为了提高文物建筑修复材料的性能，本文研究了天然水硬性石灰的有机/无机复合改性。在有机改性方面，选择了纤维素和明胶作为添加剂，在无机改性方面，选择了纳米碳酸钙和硅酸钠作为添加剂。通过正交实验和单因素实验，确定了最佳的添加剂用量及条件。并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等手段对改性后的材料进行表征。

研究结果表明，添加纤维素和明胶可以提高材料的延展性和可塑性，而添加纳米碳酸钙和硅酸钠可以提高材料的强度和硬度。同时，复合改性后的材料具有较好的抗水解性和耐风化性，可以应用于文物建筑的修复。

关键词：天然水硬性石灰；有机/无机复合改性；纤维素；明胶；纳米碳酸钙；硅酸钠；文物建筑

Abstract：

Inordertoimprovetheperformanceofrestorationmaterialsforculturalrelicsandbuildings,thispaperstudiestheorganic/inorganiccompositemodificationofnaturalhydrauliclime.Inorganicmodification,celluloseandgelatinwereselectedasadditives.Ininorganicmodification,nanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatewereselectedasadditives.Theoptimaladditivedosageandconditionsweredeterminedbyorthogonalandsingle-factorexperiments.Themodifiedmaterialswerecharacterizedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy,X-raydiffraction,infraredspectroscopy,etc.

Theresultsshowthataddingcelluloseandgelatincanimprovetheductilityandplasticityofthematerials,whileaddingnanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatecanimprovethestrengthandhardness.Moreover,thecompositemodifiedmaterialshavegoodresistancetowatererosionandweathering,whichcanbeappliedtotherestorationofculturalrelicsandbuildings.

Keywords:naturalhydrauliclime;organic/inorganiccompositemodification;cellulose;gelatin;nanocalciumcarbonate;sodiumsilicate;culturalrelicsandbuildingsNaturalhydrauliclime(NHL)isatypeofbuildingmaterialthathasbeenwidelyusedfortherestorationofculturalrelicsandbuildingsduetoitsexcellenthydraulicpropertiesandcompatibilitywithhistoricalstructures.However,theintrinsicpropertiesofNHLarelimited,whichcanaffectitsdurabilityandmechanicalperformance.Therefore,itisnecessarytoimprovetheperformanceofNHLusingorganic/inorganiccompositemodificationtechniques.

Organicmaterialssuchascelluloseandgelatinhavebeenreportedtoenhancetheductilityandplasticityofthematerials.Celluloseisanaturalpolymerthatcanformstronghydrogenbondswithothercellulosemolecules,resultingintheformationofathree-dimensionalnetworkstructure.Thisnetworkstructurecaneffectivelyimprovetheoverallductilityofthematerialandpreventcrackingunderdeformation.Gelatinisanotherorganicmaterialthatcanimprovetheplasticityofthematerial.Itformsagel-likestructurethatcanabsorbanddissipateenergyunderexternalforces,therebyenhancingtheresistancetodeformation.

InorganicmaterialssuchasnanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatehavealsobeenwidelyusedtomodifyNHL.Nanocalciumcarbonatehasalargesurfaceareaandhighreactivity,whichcaneffectivelyimprovethestrengthandhardnessofthematerial.ItcanalsoimprovethebondingstrengthbetweentheNHLandothermaterials.Sodiumsilicate,ontheotherhand,canenhancethehardnessandweatherresistanceofthematerial.Itformsahardandprotectivelayeronthesurfaceofthematerial,whichcaneffectivelypreventerosionandweathering.

Insummary,theorganic/inorganiccompositemodificationofNHLhasbeenproventobeaneffectivemethodtoimproveitsmechanicalanddurabilityproperties.Theincorporationoforganicmaterialssuchascelluloseandgelatincanenhancetheductilityandplasticityofthematerial,whiletheadditionofinorganicmaterialssuchasnanocalciumcarbonateandsodiumsilicatecanimprovethestrength,hardness,andweatherresistanceofthematerial.Thesemodifiedmaterialshavegreatpotentialforapplicationintherestorationofculturalrelicsandbuildings,contributingtothepreservationofourhistoricalheritageInadditiontotheapplicationsinculturalheritagepreservation,modifiedbiomaterialsalsohavepotentialinotherfields.Forexample,incorporatingchitosannanoparticlesintopolyvinylalcoholcancreateamaterialthatcaneffectivelyadsorbheavymetalsanddyesinwastewatertreatment.Theadditionofsilvernanoparticlescancreateantimicrobialmaterialsthatcanbeusedinmedicalapplicationstopreventinfections.

Anotherareaofpotentialapplicationisinpackagingmaterials.Modifiedbiomaterialssuchasstarch-basedfilmshavebeenfoundtohavegoodbarrierpropertiesthatcaneffectivelyprotectthepackagedproductfromexternalfactorssuchasmoisture,oxygen,andUVradiation.Thesematerialsarealsobiodegradable,makingthemanenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetotraditionalplasticpackagingmaterials.

Inthefieldof3Dprinting,modifiedbiomaterialscanalsoplayarole.Byusingamixtureofpolylacticacidandcellulosefibers,amaterialcanbecreatedthathasgoodmechanicalstrengthandcanproduceprintedobjectswithhighprecision.Theincorporationofnanoparticlescanalsoimprovethemechanicalpropertiesoftheprintedobjects.

Overall,modifiedbiomaterialshavegreatpotentialforawiderangeofapplications.Byusingnaturalmaterialsandmodifyingthemforspecificpurposes,wecancreatematerialsthatarenotonlyeffectivebutalsoenvironmentallyfriendly.Asresearchinthisfieldcontinues,wecanexpecttoseemoreinnovativeapplicationsofmodifiedbiomaterialsinthefutureInadditiontothecurrentapplicationsofmodifiedbiomaterialsmentionedabove,therearealsopotentialfutureapplicationsthatcangreatlybenefitvariousindustries.

Onesuchapplicationisinthefieldoftissueengineering.Modifiedbiomaterialscanbeusedasscaffoldstosupportthegrowthofcellsandassistintissueregeneration.Byincorporatingspecificbioactivemoleculesintothematerial,thescaffoldcanstimulatethegrowthofnewtissueandpromotehealing.Thisapplicationhasthepotentialtorevolutionizethetreatmentofinjuriesanddiseasesthatcurrentlyhavelimitedtreatmentoptions.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofmodifiedbiomaterialsisindrugdeliverysystems.Bymodifyingthepropertiesofthematerial,nanoparticlescanbecreatedthatarecapableofcarryingdrugsdirectlytothedesiredsiteinthebody.Thismethodofdrugdeliveryhasthepotentialtogreatlyimprovetheefficacyoftreatmentswhileminimizingsideeffects.

Modifiedbiomaterialscanalsobeusedinthedevelopmentofsensortechnology.Byincorporatingspecificmoleculesorparticlesintothematerial,itcanbedesignedtohaveuniquesensingcapabilities.Thishasthepotentialtorevolutionizethefieldofsensinganddetection,allowingforthecreationofmoreaccurateandsensitivesensorsforavarietyofapplications.

Finally,modifiedbiomaterialscanbeusedinthedevelopmentofbioplastics.Byusingnaturalmaterialsandmodifyingtheirproperties,bioplasticscanbecreatedthatarebothenvironmentallyfriendlyandhigh