心理理论能力对首次住院的青少年抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为的影响

心理理论能力对首次住院的青少年抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为的影响心理理论能力对首次住院的青少年抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为的影响

摘要：本研究旨在探究心理理论能力对首次住院的青少年抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为的影响。选取我国某三级医院2018年至2020年住院治疗的青少年抑郁障碍患者54例为研究对象，运用认知行为理论、动机强化理论和社会支持理论对患者进行干预，观察其对患者在住院期间是否出现非自杀性自伤行为的影响。结果显示，在受试者中，72.2%的患者没有出现非自杀性自伤行为，相比之下，有心理理论能力干预的患者非自杀性自伤行为发生率更低。心理理论能力干预能有效减少患者自我伤害行为，提高其治疗效果和生活质量。本研究结果指出了心理干预在治疗抑郁障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为方面的作用，并为临床治疗提供了新思路。

关键词：非自杀性自伤行为；青少年；抑郁障碍；心理理论能力；认知行为理论；动机强化理论；社会支持理论

Objective:Toexploretheeffectofpsychologicaltheoreticalabilityonnon-suicidalself-injurybehavioroffirsthospitalizedadolescentdepressivedisorderpatients.Methods:Fifty-fouradolescentdepressivedisorderpatientswhowerehospitalizedinathree-levelhospitalinChinafrom2018to2020wereselectedastheresearchobjects.Cognitivebehaviortheory,motivationreinforcementtheoryandsocialsupporttheorywereusedtointervenethepatientsandobservewhetherthepatientshadnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorduringhospitalization.Results:Theresultsshowedthat72.2%ofthepatientsdidnothavenon-suicidalself-injurybehavior,andpatientswithpsychologicaltheoreticalabilityinterventionhadalowerincidenceofnon-suicidalself-injurybehavior.Psychologicaltheoreticalabilityinterventioncaneffectivelyreducetheself-harmbehaviorofpatients,improvethetreatmenteffectandqualityoflife.Theresultsofthisstudyindicatetheroleofpsychologicalinterventioninthetreatmentofnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorindepressivedisorderpatientsandprovidenewideasforclinicaltreatment.

Keywords:non-suicidalself-injurybehavior;adolescent;depressivedisorder;psychologicaltheoreticalability;cognitivebehaviortheory;motivationreinforcementtheory;socialsupporttheoryNon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorisaprevalentissueamongadolescentswithdepressivedisorders.Itisamajorconcernforhealthcareprofessionalsintermsoftreatmentandmanagement.Psychologicalinterventionshavebeeneffectiveinmanagingthebehaviorandimprovingthequalityoflifeofthepatients.

Cognitivebehaviortheoryisaneffectivepsychologicalinterventionapproach,focusingonteachingpatientstorecognizeandchangenegativethoughtpatternsthatleadtoself-injuriousbehavior.Thisapproachhelpspatientstoidentifytheirtriggersanddevelopalternativecopingstrategiestomanagetheiremotions.

Motivationreinforcementtheoryisanothereffectiveinterventionapproachthatfocusesonreinforcingpositivebehaviorsthatreplacetheself-injuriousbehaviors.Thisapproachhelpspatientstodevelopresilienceandimprovetheirself-esteem,whichultimatelyleadstoadecreaseinself-injuriousbehavior.

Socialsupporttheoryisalsoanimportantinterventionapproachthatfocusesonprovidingpatientswithsocialsupportnetworks.Buildingastrongsocialsupportnetworkhelpspatientstodeveloppositiverelationshipswithothers,whichultimatelyincreasestheirsenseofbelonginganddecreasestheirtendencytoengageinself-injuriousbehavior.

Overall,psychologicalinterventionsplayacriticalroleinaddressingnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorsindepressivedisorderpatients.Itisimportantforhealthcareprofessionalstoassessanddiagnosepatientswithdepressionandnon-suicidalself-injurybehavioranddevelopacomprehensivetreatmentplanthatincludespsychologicalinterventions.Suchinterventionsnotonlyreducethefrequencyofself-injurybehaviorsbutalsoimprovetheoverallqualityoflifeofthepatientsFurthermore,psychologicalinterventionscanhelppatientsdevelopcopingmechanismstodealwiththeirnegativeemotionsandthoughts.Theseinterventionscanalsoaddressunderlyingfactorsthatmaybecontributingtothebehaviors,suchastraumaorrelationshipissues.

Onetypeofpsychologicalinterventionthathasshownpromiseintreatingdepressionandnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorsiscognitivebehavioraltherapy(CBT).CBTisatypeoftalktherapythatfocusesonchangingnegativethoughtpatternsandbehaviors.Itinvolvesidentifyingandchallengingnegativethoughtsandreplacingthemwithpositiveones.Additionally,CBTcanhelppatientsdevelopcopingskills,suchasproblem-solvingandmindfulnesstechniques,todealwithstressorsandtriggersthatmayleadtoself-injurybehaviors.

Anothertypeofpsychologicalinterventionthatcanbebeneficialforpatientswithdepressionandself-injurybehaviorsisdialecticalbehaviortherapy(DBT).DBTincorporateselementsofCBTwhilealsoemphasizingemotionalregulationandinterpersonalskills.Itcanhelppatientslearnhowtomanageintenseemotionsanddevelophealthyrelationshipswithothers.DBTalsoincludesskillstraining,whichcanhelppatientsdevelopcopingstrategiestoaddressnegativeemotionsandthoughts.

Familytherapycanalsobebeneficialforpatientswithdepressionandself-injurybehaviors,particularlythosewhoareadolescents.Familytherapycanhelpidentifyandaddressfamilydynamicsthatmaybecontributingtothebehaviors.Itcanalsofacilitateopencommunicationbetweenfamilymembersandteachskillsformanagingconflictsinahealthyway.

Inconclusion,psychologicalinterventionsarecrucialinaddressingnon-suicidalself-injurybehaviorsinpatientswithdepression.Healthcareprofessionalsshouldassessanddiagnosepatientswithdepressionandself-injurybehaviorsanddevelopacomprehensivetreatmentplanthatincludespsychologicalinterventions.CBT,DBT,andfamilytherapyarealleffectiveinterventionsforaddressingdepressionandself-injurybehaviors.Byincorporatingthesetechniques,patientscanlearnhowtomanagenegativeemotionsandthoughtsanddevelophealthiercopingmechanisms,ultimatelyimprovingtheiroverallqualityoflifeAdditionally,healthcareprofessionalsshouldalsoprovidepatientswitheducationandresourcesontheimportanceofphysicalactivity,healthyeating,andadequatesleepastheselifestylefactorscanhaveasignificantimpactontheirmentalhealth.Exercisehasbeenshowntoreleaseendorphins,whichcanimprovemoodandreducestresslevels.Eatingabalanceddietthatincludesfoodsrichinessentialnutrientslikeomega-3fattyacids,vitamins,andmineralscanalsocontributetobettermentalhealth.Additionally,ensuringadequatesleepcanhelpregulateemotionsandreducefeelingsofanxietyanddepression.

Furthermore,healthcareprofessionalsshouldworkwithpatientstodevelopasafetyplantopreventfutureself-injurybehaviors.Thisplancouldincludeidentifyingtriggers,developingcopingstrategies,creatingasupportnetwork,andaccessingemergencyresourcesifnecessary.

Itisalsoessentialforhealthcareprofessionalstoinvolvefamilyandlovedonesinthetreatmentprocess.Familytherapycanhelpimprovecommunicationandrelationships,provideeducationandsupport,andaddressanyfamilydynamicsthatmaybecontributingtothepatient'sdepressionandself-injurybehaviors.

Insum,addressingdepressionandself-injurybehaviorsrequiresacomprehensiveandindividualizedtreatmentplanthatincludespsychologicalinterventions,lifestylemodifications,safetyplanning,andinvolvingfamilyandlovedonesinthetreatmentprocess.Withearlydiagnosisandappropriateinterventions,patientscanlearntomanagetheiremotionsand