高考非谓语动词分类讲解和真题演练

高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）非谓语动词高考非谓语动词一．非谓语动词作主语和表语语和表语(单句语法填空)1．(2016?浙江高考改编)—Areyousureyou'rereadyforthetest?—Noproblem.I'mwell__________________(prepare)forit.2．(2015?安徽高考改编)__________________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.规则点拨一、非谓语动词作主语1．动词不定式作主语。不定式作主语，一般表示详细某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真实的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。Toclimbthemountainishardworkbuttogodownthemountainisgreatfun.上山很困难，下山却很好玩。Itisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在这个小镇要找到路很不简单。2．动词?ing形式作主语。动词?ing形式作主语时，若是其构造较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词?ing后置。Seeingisbelieving.1/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）目击为实。Itisnogood/nouse/nopleasuredoingsth.做没有利处/没适用途/没有乐趣二、非谓语动词作表语1．动词不定式作表语。不定式作表语表示详细动作或将来动作。当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.对仇人博爱就是对人民残忍。(2)当主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组或以what引导的名词性从句时，不定式用于说明主语的内容。Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。2．动名词作表语。有些动名词作表语，与主语部分能够变换。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Servingthepeopleisourwork.为人民服务是我们的工作。现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、特点。ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.王先生讲的故事很幽默。2/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）3．过去分词作表语。过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异：过去分词作表语，主若是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我妹妹打坏的。(被动语态，表示动作)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆现在是关门的。(过去分词作表语，表示状态)(2)过去分词表示被动或达成，动词形?ing式表示主动或进行。(3)有些动词，如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等的过去分词表示一种情绪和状态。ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.这本书很幽默，我对它很感兴趣。[注意事项]1．不定式作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2．betodosth.能够表示将来时态。Youaretomeethimattheairporttomorrow.明天你要到机场接他对点操练(单句语法填空)1．(2017?长沙模拟)__________________(sense)thatGeorgeisacapableyoungmanconfirmsmethatIhavereachedapointwhereIcanhandoverthebusinesstohim.3/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）2．(2017?衡阳模拟)Doyouknowthat__________________(chat)withwisemenimprovesyourmind?3.(2017?衡阳八中二模)BychanceElizabethsawDarcy'sandWickham'sfacesatthemomentwhentheycaughtsightofeachother,andshewas__________________(astonish)attheeffectofthemeeting.参照答案【导】考题试一试(单句语法填空)1．lprepared2．Ignoring【练】对点操练(单句语法填空)1．Sensing2．chatting3.astonished二．非谓语动词作宾语(单句语法填空)1．(2016?全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__________________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120?pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.2．(2015?全国卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout__________________(use)electricequipment.4/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）规则点拨一、动词不定式作宾语1．作某些动词的宾语。afford(付得起),agree(赞同),aim(力争做到),appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt(试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(信心)等等。2．动词＋疑问词＋不定式。常有的此类动词有：decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell等。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tdecidewhichtobuy.有这么多的录音机在销售，我都拿不定想法买哪一种。二、现在分词作宾语1．作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch.她很喜欢画画。2．作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.玛丽正考虑回纽约。3．“do＋限制词(my,some,any,the等)＋动词-ing”，表示“做”。WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.星期六下午我们常大打扫。5/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）4．作介词的宾语。Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.她姐姐擅长学物理。[注意事项]1．当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it取代不定式，再把不定式置于补语此后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋todo句式。Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.我们以为学好一门外语很重要。2．动词?ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将作宾语的动词?ing后置。Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.我们以为那样讲话是没适用的对点操练(单句语法填空)1．(2014?江西高考改编)Whenitcomesto__________________(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.2．(2014?北京高考改编)Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout__________________(recognize)．3．(2014?全国卷Ⅱ)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused__________________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.6/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）4．(2014?辽宁高考)Keep__________________(hold)yourpositionforawhile.参照答案【导】考题试一试(单句语法填空)1．introducing2．using【练】对点操练(单句语法填空)1．speaking2．beingrecognized3．tostop4．holding三．非谓语动词作状语考题试一试(单句语法填空)1．(2016?全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal__________________(create)specialdesigns.2．(2016?全国卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,__________________(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.3．(2016?浙江高考改编)IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo__________________(work)withstudents.4．(2016?北京高考改编)__________________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.5．(2016?北京高考改编)Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,__________________(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.6．(2015?湖南高考改编)SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents__________________(talk)overwhatisbotheringthem.7/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）规则点拨一、动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间要形成主谓关系。在句子中能够充任：1．目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式：todo,onlytodo(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)...asto...(这样以便)。Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞速地跑以便追上第一班汽车。2．结果状语。表示起初没有预想到的，要放在句子后边。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.他搜了整个房间什么也没有找到。3．原因状语。Thewateristoocoldtodrink.(不用被动)水太凉了不能够喝。二、现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间形成主谓关系。在句子中能够充任的成分：1．时间状语。SeeingTom,Icouldn'thelpthinkingofhisbrother.看见汤姆，我不由想到了他的哥哥。2．原因状语。Beingill,hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.8/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）由于患病了，他昨天没有去上学。3．方式或陪伴状语。MarystoodattheschoolgatewaitingforBetty.玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。三、过去分词作状语1．过去分词作状语表示被动的、已达成的动作。Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!由于写得匆促，这篇文章不是很好。2．有些过去分词因根源于系表构造，作状语时不表示被动而表示主动。这样的过去分词及短语常有的有lost(迷路)，seated(坐),hidden(躲),stationed(驻扎),lost/absorbedin(沉醉于),born(出生于),dressedin(衣着),tiredof(讨厌)等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.由于陷于沉思之中，所以他没听到那个声音。四、分词作状语的时态1．非谓语动词在主句动作以前达成，和主语之间形成主谓关系用havingdone。Havingseenthefilmtwice,Irefusedhisinvitationtoseethefilm.看过两次了，我拒绝了他邀请我去看这部电影。2．非谓语动词在主句动作以前达成，和主语之间形成被动关系用havingbeingdone。9/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）HavingbeenshownaroundtheWaterCube,IwastakentovisittheBird'sNet.被率领着参观了水立方此后，我又被带着去参观了鸟巢。[注意事项]1．分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while。Whencrossingstreet,youmustbecareful.穿过街道时你要加倍小心。2．过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。(given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一个小时)对点操练(单句语法填空)1．(2015?福建高考改编)__________________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.2．(2015?重庆高考改编)__________________(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.3．(2017?玉溪一中第二次月考)Youloseweightforawhile,only__________________(gain)backmoreweightwhenyoustopyourweightlossprogram.10/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）4．(2014?天津高考改编)Clearlyandthoughtfully__________________(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.5．(2014?福建高考改编)__________________(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.参照答案【导】考题试一试(单句语法填空)1.tocreate2.using3.working4.Tomake5．turning6．totalk【练】对点操练(单句语法填空)1．Tolearn2．Raised3．togain4．written5．Havingspent四．非谓语动词作定语(单句语法填空)1．(2016?四川高考)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething__________________(eat)!2．(2016?浙江高考改编)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudy__________________(conduct)inAustraliain2012.11/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）3．(2014?纲领卷)Todaytherearemoreairplanes__________________(carry)morepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.4．(2016?浙江高考改编)Asuddenstopcanbeavery__________________(frighten)experience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.规则点拨一、动词不定式作定语1．表示将来。Thebridgetobebuiltherewillbringgreatconveniencetothelocalpeople.这里将要建起的桥会给当地人带来很大的便利。2．用来修饰被序数词、最高等或no,all,any等限制的中心词，且中心词与不定式之间为主动关系。Hewasthefirstmantolandonthemoon.他是第一个登上月球的人。3．好多抽象名词后可接不定式作定语，如ability,ambition,anxiety,attempt,campaign,chance,courage,decision,determination等。ThepressuretocompetecausesAmericanstobeenergetic.竞争的压力使美国人精力充分。二、分词作定语1．现在分词作定语。12/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）现在分词作定语时，若是和所修饰的词之间形成被动关系时，用beingdone且后置。Themeetingbeingheldwillgreatlyaffectthefutureofourcompany.正在举行的会议将对我们企业将来的发展产生重要影响。现在分词作定语时，和所修饰的词之间形成主谓关系，平常会出现分词前置与分词后置两种情况：①分词前置：当分词作定语放在名词以前时，经常表示事物正在发生的状态。Herushedintotheburninghouse.他冲入着火的房屋。②分词后置：当分词或分词短语位于所被修饰的词语此后时，经常可用定语从句取代。Who'sthegirldancingwithhim?Whoisthegirlwhoisdancingwithhim?和他一同跳舞的女孩是谁？2．过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的词是该分词所表示行为的承受者。当过去分词作定语时，在语态上平常表示“被动”和“达成”，独自的过去分词前置，过去分词短语后置。Localpeopleinvitedtoattendthemeetingareverypleasedtosharetheirexperience.13/15高考非谓语动词分类解说和真题操练（附答案）受邀请参加会议的当地人特别愿意分享他们的经验。3．现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的差异。现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义。现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或达成的事。boiledwater沸腾过的水(boilingwater沸腾的水)fallenleaves已经落下的叶子(falli