倒装句、with的复合结构、强调句

明德教育倒装句EDUCATION英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。正常语序的结构是“主语+谓语”，倒装语序为“谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语”。1） 部分倒装----助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型2） 全倒装----谓语+主语型在以下结构中用全倒装此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1•在therebe或者Therelive（stand,appear・seem,remain,exist…・）句型中；如Therearethousandsofpeopleonthesquare.Thousandsofpeoplearethereonthesquare.Therelivedanoldfishermaninthevillage.原语序：Anoldfishermanlivedthereinthevillage.Therestandsalittlegirl. 正常语序：Alittlegirlstandsthere.2・在“here,there,now,thus,then+动词+主语”的句子中,（谓语动词为be,go,come,lie,run等转移动词一起连用，主语为名词）；如：Nowcomesmyturn.Theregoesthebell.Thencametheordertoleave.Herecomesabus=Abuscomeshere.A） 此类倒装不用进行时态。Herecomesataxi!Theregoesthelasttrain!有辆出租车来了！最后一班火车开走了！（注意这里不可用进行时）B）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Hereitcomes！ Thereitgoes！3・在“out\in,up\down,offaway，inthedistance,onthehill,roundthecorner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。Awaywentthecrowedonebyone.Incameastrangerinblack.Outrushedthechildren..Downfelltheleaves.Onthefloorwerepilesofoldbooks.☆注意：主语必须是名词eg:Outshewent.Theretheyare.Herehecomes.而Outwentthegirl.Herecomestheboy.地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词（如lie,live,sit,stand）或转移的动词（如come,go,rise）,用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：Atthetopofthehillstoodthetinychapel.那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。Inthefieldsofpoppieslaythedyingsoldiers.罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。Inthedistancecouldbeseenthepurplemountains.远处可以见至U紫色的山。主语如是代词则不能倒装：Atthetopofthehillitstoodoutagainstthesky.它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。明德教育有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语（多为介词短语）置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：Bythedoorstoodanarmedguard.门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。Atthenexttablewasaprettygirlwaitingforsomeone.隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。AmongthesepeoplewashisfriendJim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。Bythewindowsatayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。Atthefrontofthebookisatableofcontents,givingdetailsofwhatisinthebook.书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。在以下结构中用部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。用于疑问句中。如：1）Howareyoudoing?2）Didyouseethefilmyesterday?2•含有否定或半否定意义的词语（如：not,never,seldom,hardly,little,scarcely,barely,few««）；或者含有否定意义的连词（notonly...butalso.・,neither・・nor・・,nosoonerhad..than.••（一・・・就・・・），scarcely・・than・・,Hardlyhadwhen・・,notuntil・・・；nowhere等）；或否定意义的介词词组（bynomeans（决不）,innocase\way（任何情况下都不）,withnomethod,atnotime（决不），onnoaccount（决不），undernocircumstances\condition・・・（任何情况下都不））位于句首eg: Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.=NeverhaveIseenhimbefore.Notaworddidhesaywhenheleft.Seldom/Scarcelydoeshegotothatpark.Hardly（几乎不）doIspeaktohim.LittleEnglishcanhespeak.Littledoesherealizetheimportanceofthemeeting.FewpeopledidIseeinthestreet.含有否定意义的连词：eg：1）Notonlycanheplaybasketball,butalsoIcan.2）Nosoonerhadwearrivedhomethanitbegantorain. 3）Hardlyhadwemetourfriendswhenthetrainleft.4）Notuntilthebabyfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.（主句倒装，从句不倒装）=Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthebabyfellasleep.注意：l）Notonly...butalso...必须连接两个分句时，才使用部分倒装。而且只倒装notonly后的分句。如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。如：NotonlyhisfatherbutalsoIlikereading.notonly...butalso…前后连接两个句子时，notonly后的句子要用部分倒装，但butalso后的分句不用倒装。如：Notonlydidhecome,buthesawher.他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。明德教育Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。Notonlydidtheypresentamusicalperformance,buttheyalsogaveabriefintroductiontothehistoryofWesternbrassinstruments.他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。2）当notuntil（直到…才）引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不用倒装，或者可以理解为“后倒前不倒（装）”。Notonly ,buthehimselfwasbadlybeatenup.washerobbedeverythinghehadeverythinghehadwasrobbedofhadeverythinghehadbeenrobbedofwasherobbedofeverythinghehad2.IfinallywasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.Neverinallmylife sohappy.A.IfeltB.didIfeelC.IhadfeltD.hadIfeltNosooner tosleepthanthetelephonerangoncemore.A.shewentB.shehadgoneC.didshegoD.hadshegoneHardly towritethecompositionwhenthebell .A.hadIbegun;rang B.Iwasbeginning;rangC.hadIbegun;wasringing D.Iwillbegin;ringsNotuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury whatheatis.A.mandidknow B.manknowC.didn'tmanknowD.didmanknow含有否定意义的介词词组：如:Bynomeansshouldwetelllies.Onnoaccountshouldwelethimleave.Atnotime决不willIgetmarriedtoyou.In[Under]nocircumstanceswillIlendmoneytohim.注意：innotime（立即，马上）位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序:Innotimeheworkedouttheproblem.他马上就算出了那道题。3.only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装；eg:Onlyinthiswaycanyouusethecomputerwell.（only+介词短语）Onlyyesterdaydidhefindoutthathiswatchwasmissing.（only+副词）Onlywhenitbegantoraindidhefinishhisjob.（only+状语从句）按英语习惯同，当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。Onlyinthiswaycanourhonourbesaved.只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。明德教育OnlyafterherdeathwasIableto^appreciateher.只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。Onlywhenhereturnedhomedidherealizewhathadhappened.当他回至U家里时，才知道出了什么事。Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakehimselfheard.他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。Onlywhenwelandeddidweseehowbadlytheplanehadbeendamaged.我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。OnlyononepointdoIagreewithyou.只有一点，我同意你的说法。1・Onlythen howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.A・sherealized B・shehadrealizedC・hadsherealized D・didsherealizeOnlyaftermyfriendcame .A・didthecomputerrepairedB・berepairedthecomputerC・wasthecomputerrepairedD・thecomputerwasrepaired特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题（答案选A）： bykeepingdowncostswillPowerDataholditsadvantageoverothercompanies.A・Only B・JustC・Still D・Yet4・so用在句首，表示另一主语“也・・・样”时，用“So+be（have,助动词或情态动词）+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不・・・样”时，用“Nor\Neither+be（have助动词或情态动词）+主语”结构；注意：若是对上文同一主语的情况进行肯定时，不倒装。句型为,So+主语+be或do（did）/have”。eg：Hewenttoschoolyesterday,sodidI.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.--Sohehas,andsohaveyou.eg：Hehasn'tfinishedhishomework,andnorhaveI.eg:Ifyouwon'tgo,neither/norwillI.当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。1） TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.2） ---It'sraininghard・ ---Soitis・---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently,--- ,and ・A・Sohehas;soyouhave B・Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohave D・Sohashe;soyouhaveMaryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening, .

明德教育A.sodoesJohnB・JohndoestooDLi.uij::匚-u「C・Johndoesn'ttooD・nordoesJohnso・・・that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首.这时，主句要用部分倒装结构。如：1)Heransofastthathewasfaraheadofothers.fSofastdidherunthathewasfaraheadofothers.Socleverishethathecanworkoutallthedifficultproblemsinthebook在so...that...结构中，若将so+adj./adv.置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如:Somuchdidtheyeatthattheycouldnotmoveforthenexthour.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。Sosuddenwastheattackthatwehadnotimetoescape.类似地，当such...that...结构的such...置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：Suchanicemandidheseemthatweallbelievehim.他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。1・Soloudly thateveryoneoftheclasscouldhearhim.A.didhespeak B.didhespokeC.spokeheD.hespokeSolittle agreeontheplanthattheycouldnotsettletheirdifferences.A.dotheyB.didtheyC.theydidD.theydidnotSodifficult ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadviceA.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.A・socuriousthecouplewas B・SocuriouswerethecoupleC・Howcuriousthecouplewere D・Thecouplewassuchcurious5・一It'sburninghottoday,isn'tit?一Yes. yesterday.A・SowasitB・SoitwasC・SoitisD・Soisit6・6・一Maggiehadawonderfultimeattheparty.—,andsodidI.A・A・SoshehadB・SohadsheC・SoshedidD・Sodidshe7・一Father,youpromised!一Well, D .Butitwasyouwhodidn'tkeepyourwordfirst.明德教育A.sowasIB.sodidIC.#soIiwasiGD.soIdid倒装句中的主谓一致在“副词here,there,now,then,up,down,in,out,away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。Onthewallhangtwomaps.墙上挂着两张地图。Onthewallhangsaworldofmap.墙上挂着一张世界地图。Hereisyourcoat.这是你的外套。Hereareyourrunning-shoes.这是你的跑鞋。Suchistheresult.结果就是这样Sucharetheresults.这就是结果。例题讲解考查never置于句首时的倒装当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为B）⑴Neverinmywildestdreams thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.（安徽卷）A・IcouldimagineB・couldIimagineC・Icouldn'timagineD・couldn'tIimagine考査little置于句首时的倒装当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为D）⑴Little thatwewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.（安徽卷）A・herealized B・hedidn'trealizeC・didn'therealizeD・didherealize考査seldom置于句首时的倒装当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为B）（1）Seldom anyapologywhenmistakesaremade.A・wereceive B・dowereceiveC・wereceived D・didwereceive明德教育考査hardly/scarcely置于句首时的倒装：P；ul；::匕-；」飞当否定副词hardly,scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Hardly EdinburghthantheywereorderedtoreturntoLondon.A.hadtheyreachedB・theyhadreachedC・havethereachedD・theyhavereached考査nosooner等置于句首时的倒装当nosooner,nolonger等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为A）⑴一DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?一No,nosooner thanithappened.（天津卷）A・hadshegone B・shehadgoneC・hasshegone D・shehasgone6・考査nowhere置于句首时的倒装当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse suchabeautifulplace.（辽宁卷）A・canyoufind B・youcouldfindC・youcanfind D・couldyoufind7・考查bynomeans等置于句首时的倒装当表示否定意义的副词性短语bynomeans,onnoaccounts,innocase,atnotime等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为D）I'vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans withmyprogress.（重庆卷）A・theteacherisnotsatisfiedB・istheteachernotsatisfiedC・theteacherissatisfied D.istheteachersatisfied8・考査notonly置于句首时的倒装当notonly...butalso句式的notonly部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）明德教育 snacksanddrinksbuttheybalsobroUghtUaardVfOrMentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.（上海）A・NotonlytheybroughtB・NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring考查notuntil置于句首时的倒装当not...until句式转换成notuntil且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）NotuntilIbegantowork howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A・didn'tIrealize B・didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealize D.Irealized考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如:（答案为D）⑴Onlythen howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.（陕西卷）A・sherealized B・shehadrealizedC・hadsherealized D・didsherealize考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装当so.that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）⑴ thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.（陕西卷）A・SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB・SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC・SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD・Sowashersuccessfulbusiness考查类似“sodoI”结构的倒装SodoI这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：（答案为CA）（1）一Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.一 .（江苏卷）A.SoismineB.SomineisC・SodoesmineD・Sominedoes⑵一It'sburninghottoday,isn'tit?一Yes. yesterday.（福建卷）A.SowasitB.SoitwasC.SoitisD.Soisit

明德教育13.考査类似“nor/neitherdoI”结构的倒装EDUCATIONnor[neither]doI这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：（答案为B）IfJoe'swifewon'tgototheparty, .（全国II）A.hewilleitherA.hewilleitherC・heneitherwillB・neitherwillheD.eitherhewillwith的复合结构一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词oWith结构构成方式如下：with或without-名词/代词+形容词；with或without-名词/代词+副词；with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式；with或without-名词/代词+分词。下面分别举例：1、 Shecameintotheroom，withhernoseredbecauseofcold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 Withthemealover，weallwenthome.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、 Themasterwaswalkingupanddownwiththerulerunderhisarm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）Theteacherenteredtheclassroomwithabookinhishand.4、 Helayinthedarkemptyhouse，withnotaman，womanorchildtosayhewaskindtome.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）5、 Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Withoutanythingleftinthecupboard，shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、 with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：1.Ilikeeatingthemooncakeswitheggs.Fromspacetheearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglobewithafewpatchesoflandstickingoutabovethewater.Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintothehouse.三、 with结构的特点1.with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主

明德教育语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。（欣慰）f（Hewastakengoodcareof.）例如：Withhimtakencareof语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。（欣慰）f（Hewastakengoodcareof.）burning.)Withherhairgone，therecouldbenouseforthem.—(Herhairwasgone.)2.在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如：Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.四、几点说明：with结构在句子中的位置：with结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。例如：Withtheboyleadingtheway，wefoundhehouseeasily.（小男孩已领过路）Withtheboytoleadtheway，wewillfindthehouseeasilytomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）Helayonthebedwiththebedroomdoorshut.（寝室被关着）With复合结构练习： productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.As B.For C.With D.ThroughWithtwoexams ,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A.worryaboutB.toworryaboutC.worriedaboutD.worryingabout ourfood ,wehadtowalktoavillageforhelp.A.Since;runsoutB.Because;runoutC.With;runningoutD.For;runningoutWhenmotherwentintothehouse,shefoundherbabywassleepinginbed,withhislips .A.movingB.movedC.tomoveD.move---Youshouldhavepreparedyourspeechforthemeeting,MrsSmith.---Yes,Iknow.ButhowcouldIwiththemeetingdate sosoon.A.fixedB.beingfixedC.tobefixedD.fixingWithmoreandmoreforests ,someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.damagedB.beingdamagedC.tobedamagedD.damagingWiththedoor ,thenoiseofthemachinesisalmostdeafening.A.openB.opened C.opening D.toopen hismotherout,hehadtostayathomealone.A.As B.For C.Because D.WithWithallthings ,herproposalisofgreaterthanhisA.consideredB.tobeconsideredC.beingconsideredD.consideringwithtime ,wewillvisittheSummerPalace.A.permitting,B.ispermitting,C.topermittedD.permitsWithnothing toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.A.leaving B.left C.leaveD.toleaveThegirlsattherequitesilentandstillwithhereyes onthewall.A.fixing B.fixed C.tobefixingD.tobefixed13.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoor tothesouth.A.facingB.facesC.facedD.beingfacedA.facingB.facesC.facedD.beingfaced明德教育Theypretendedtobeworkinghardall口罟辛讥恕fhei*普脛凸_「打A.burn B.burntC.burningD.toburnJohnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork ,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinishedNowthatwe'vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisionsA.takingB.takeC.takenD.totakeherfootwoundedsomuch.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayraceherfootwoundedsomuch.A.forB.whenC.withD.because18---Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.——Sorry.Withsomuchwork mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filled B.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilledJohnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork ,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finished B.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinishedI