塑料复合材料在高温下的磨损

塑料复合材料在高温下的磨损Abstract

Inrecentyears,theuseofplasticcompositematerialshasbecomeincreasinglypopularduetotheirexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandversatility.However,thewearresistanceofthesematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsremainsaconcern.Thispaperinvestigatesthewearbehaviorofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsthroughexperimentalstudies.Theresultsshowthatthewearrateofplasticcompositematerialsincreasessignificantlywithincreasingtemperature.Thewearmechanismwasidentifiedasacombinationofadhesiveandabrasivewear.Theeffectsofdifferentparameters,suchastemperature,slidingdistanceandappliedload,onthewearrateofplasticcompositematerialswerediscussed.Finally,itwasconcludedthattheuseofsuitablelubricantsandimprovingthehardnessofthematerialareeffectivemethodstoimprovethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions.

Keywords:plasticcompositematerials,hightemperature,wear,adhesivewear,abrasivewear

Introduction

Plasticcompositematerialshavebeenwidelyusedinmanyindustrialapplicationsduetotheirhighstrength,goodelectricalandthermalinsulationproperties,corrosionresistance,andexcellentprocessingperformance.However,thewearresistanceofthesematerialshasalwaysbeenachallenge,especiallyunderhightemperatureconditions.Thewearbehaviorofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsismorecomplexthanthatundernormaltemperatureconditions.Thehightemperatureenvironmentcancausechangesinthestructureandpropertiesofthematerial,leadingtochangesinthewearbehavior.

Inordertoimprovethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions,itisnecessarytounderstandthewearmechanismandfactorsaffectingwearathightemperatures.Therefore,thispaperfocusesoninvestigatingthewearbehaviorofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsthroughexperimentalstudies.

Experimentalprocedures

Materials

Theplasticcompositematerialsusedinthisstudyweremadeofpolyetheretherketone(PEEK)reinforcedwithcarbonfibers.ThematerialpropertiesareshowninTable1.

Table1Materialproperties

Testmethods

Theweartestswereperformedusingapin-on-disktribometer(Fig.1).

Fig.1.Pin-on-disktribometer

Thetemperaturewascontrolledusingafurnaceattachedtothetribometer.ThetestingconditionsareshowninTable2.

Table2Testingconditions

Theweartrackswereobservedusingascanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)andopticalmicroscope.Thewearmechanismwasanalyzedbasedonthemorphologyoftheweartracks.

Resultsanddiscussions

Effectoftemperatureonwear

Thewearrateofplasticcompositematerialsincreasedsignificantlywithincreasingtemperature,asshowninFig.2.

Fig.2.Effectoftemperatureonwearrate

Itcanbeseenthatthewearrateincreasedrapidlywhenthetemperatureexceeded200℃.Thisphenomenoncanbeattributedtothesofteningofthematrixmaterialunderhightemperatureconditions,whichismorepronetoplasticdeformationandadhesiontothecounterpart.Inaddition,carbonfiberreinforcementcanalsobedamagedathightemperatures,reducingthestrengthandtoughnessofthematerial.

Wearmechanism

Thewearmechanismofplasticcompositematerialsathightemperatureswasidentifiedasacombinationofadhesiveandabrasivewear.AsshowninFig.3,theweartrackspresentedatypicalfeatureofadhesivewear,whichcanbeseenasalargenumberofplasticdeformationandtransferofmaterialfromthesampletothecounterpart.Simultaneously,abrasivewearalsooccurredtosomeextent,whichcanbeseenaslonganddeepgroovesalignedwiththeslidingdirection.

Fig.3.Weartrackmorphologyat400℃

Effectofslidingdistanceandappliedloadonwear

Theeffectofslidingdistanceonthewearratewasinvestigatedatdifferenttemperatures,asshowninFig.4.

Fig.4.Effectofslidingdistanceonwearrate

Itcanbeseenthatthewearrateincreasedwithincreasingslidingdistance,indicatingthatthewearprocesswasgraduallyintensifiedduetotheaccumulationofweardebrisonthesurface.Meanwhile,theeffectofappliedloadonwearratewasinvestigatedatdifferenttemperatures,asshowninFig.5.

Fig.5.Effectofappliedloadonwearrate

Thewearrateincreasedwithincreasingappliedload,asexpected.Theincreaseinappliedloadleadstoanincreaseincontactpressure,whichcausesthematerialtodeformandadheremoretothecounterpart.Moreover,theaccumulationofweardebrisalsoincreasedwithincreasingload,whichfurtherintensifiedthewearprocess.

Conclusion

Thewearbehaviorofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionswasinvestigatedinthispaper.Theresultsshowedthatthewearrateofplasticcompositematerialsincreasedsignificantlywithincreasingtemperature.Thewearmechanismwasidentifiedasacombinationofadhesiveandabrasivewear,whichcanleadtoseverewearathightemperatures.Theeffectsofdifferentparameters,suchastemperature,slidingdistance,andappliedload,onthewearrateofplasticcompositematerialswerediscussed.Finally,itwasconcludedthattheuseofsuitablelubricantsandimprovingthehardnessofthematerialareeffectivemethodstoimprovethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions.Theuseoflubricantsisanefficientmethodforreducingwearinplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions.Lubricantscancreateaprotectivelayeronthematerialsurface,reducingthedirectcontactbetweenthematerialandthecounterpart,leadingtoadecreaseinwearrate.Furthermore,thelubricantscanreducethecoefficientoffriction,makingtheslidingprocesssmoother,reducingtheenergyconsumedinthewearprocess.

Inadditiontolubricants,improvingthehardnessoftheplasticcompositematerialisanotherwaytoenhancethewearresistanceofthematerialunderhightemperatureconditions.Increasedhardnesscanreducetheamountofadhesionandplasticdeformationonthesurface,makingthemateriallesspronetowear.Moreover,increasedhardnesscanalsoreducethesusceptibilityofthematerialtowearathightemperatures,whichisaneffectivewaytomitigatewearunderhightemperatureconditions.

Inconclusion,thewearbehaviorofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsisacomplexprocessthatinvolvesacombinationofadhesiveandabrasivewear.Thewearrateofthematerialcanbegreatlyincreasedbyhightemperatures,slidingdistance,andappliedload.Therefore,inordertoimprovethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions,effectivemeasuressuchastheuseoflubricantsandtheimprovementofthematerial'shardnessshouldbeconsidered.Anothereffectivewaytoimprovethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsistomodifythesurfacepropertiesofthematerial.Surfacemodificationtechniquessuchasplasmatreatment,chemicaletching,andcoatingcanalterthechemicalandphysicalcharacteristicsofthematerialsurface,leadingtoimprovedwearresistance.

Plasmatreatmentisahighlyeffectivesurfacemodificationtechniquethatcansignificantlyenhancethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerials.Plasmatreatmentcanmodifythesurfaceofthematerialbyintroducingnewfunctionalgroups,improvingadhesion,andenhancingwettability.Thiscanimprovethematerial'sresistancetowearbyreducingadhesivewearandsurfacedegradationunderhightemperatureconditions.

Chemicaletchingisanothersurfacemodificationtechniquethatcanimprovethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions.Chemicaletchingcanalterthesurfacetopographyofthematerial,creatingaroughsurfacethatcanreducethecontactareabetweenthematerialandthecounterpart,leadingtoadecreaseinwearrate.

Furthermore,coatingisanothermethodthatcanimprovethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhigh-temperatureconditions.Thecoatingcanformaprotectivelayeronthesurfaceofthematerial,reducingthedirectcontactbetweenthematerialandthecounterpart.Thiscanreducethewearrateandincreasethematerial'sresistancetowearunderhightemperatureconditions.

Insummary,thewearbehaviorofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsisacomplexprocessthatinvolvesbothadhesiveandabrasivewear.Effectivemeasuressuchaslubrication,improvingthehardnessofthematerial,andsurfacemodificationtechniquessuchasplasmatreatment,chemicaletching,andcoatingcansignificantlyenhancethewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions.Inadditiontotheabove-mentionedmethods,itisalsoimportanttoselectappropriatefillermaterialsforcompositematerialstoimprovetheirwearresistanceunderhightemperatureconditions.Fillerscanimprovethemechanicalpropertiesofcompositematerialsandreducewearbyimprovingtheirhardness,strengthorstiffness.

Forexample,ceramicfillerssuchasaluminaorsiliconcarbidecanimprovethewearresistanceofcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditions.Ceramicfillersareknownfortheirhighhardnessandthermalstability,makingthemidealforuseinhigh-temperatureapplications.

Moreover,metalfillerssuchascopperornickelcanalsobeusedtoenhancethewearresistanceofcompositematerialsunderhigh-temperatureconditions.Metalfillerscanincreasethestrengthandtoughnessofcompositematerials,helpingtoreducewear.

Itisalsoessentialtoconsidertheprocessingparametersduringthefabricationofcompositematerials.Improperprocessingparameters,suchasexcessiveheatorpressure,canleadtostructuraldefectsinthematerialthatcandecreaseitswearresistanceproperties.Therefore,itisimportanttocarefullycontroltheprocessingparameterstoproduceahigh-qualitycompositematerialthatcanwithstandwearunderhightemperatureconditions.

Inconclusion,improvingthewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsunderhightemperatureconditionsrequiresamultifacetedapproach.Byselectingappropriatefillermaterials,improvingsurfacepropertiesthroughsurfacemodificationtechniques,andcontrollingprocessingparametersduringfabrication,thewearresistanceofplasticcompositematerialsca