非限定性定语从句

（优选）非限定性定语从句当前1页，总共92页。Finishtheattributiveclausesbelow:1.The

lesson

__________westudiedyesterday

was

hard

to

understand.2.

You

can

take

any

book

____interestsyou

best.thatwhich/that

Practice

当前2页，总共92页。3.

People

like

to

live

in

a

place

_____there’sfreshairandlittlenoise.4.

The

girl

__________yousawatthemeetingis

a

well-knownswimmer.

5.

He

is

the

very

worker

_____picturewesaw

in

the

newspaper

yesterday.

6.

He

was

very

happy

on

the

day

______________heentered

the

university.where

whom/thatwhoseonwhichwhen/当前3页，总共92页。7.

I

never

really

understand

the

reason

____

he

made

such

a

seriousmistake.8.

Don’t

read

such

books

__

you

cannotunderstand.

9.

Is

that

the

student

_________you

lentyourdictionary?

to

whomwhyas当前4页，总共92页。10.

Is

this

the

new

novel

__________

you

have

talked

so

much?

11.

The

little

hero,

___

has

given

his

life

forhiscountry,will

alwayslive

in

theheartofthe

people.whoaboutwhich当前5页，总共92页。What’sthedifferencebetweenNo.10andNo.11?No.10isarestrictiveclausewhileNo.11withacommaisanon-restrictiveclause.Question:当前6页，总共92页。1.定语从句(attributiveclauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有:which(指物),that(既可指人又可指物),who(指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语),whom(指人，在定语从句中作宾语),whose(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因)等。Explanation当前7页，总共92页。2.定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。当前8页，总共92页。TrytofindtheattributiveclausesintheReadingsectionon43andtelltheirfunctions.restrictiveattributiveclauses:1.Theycontainaharmfulchemicalthatcausedmylivertofail.Practice当前9页，总共92页。2.Weshouldn’tbeashamedofthewaywelook,shouldwe?3.Thisisreallyatouchingstory—astrangerwhodonatedpartofhislivertoagirlhedoesn’tevenknow!当前10页，总共92页。1.

I’mtakingweight-losspillscalledFat-Less,whicharequitepopularamongyoungwomenhere.2.

Mymother,whomyoumetlastyear,keepstellingmenottotakethembecausetheyaredangerous.non-restrictiveattributiveclauses:当前11页，总共92页。3.Thenthedoctorfoundsomeoneinyourcountry,whosenameisLiDong,wasanexactmatchforme.4.It’sthesameinChina—manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondietortakingweight-losspills,whichareoftendangerous.当前12页，总共92页。Differencesbetweentherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.DiscussionLookatthefollowingexamplesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthesentences.当前13页，总共92页。1.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.2.Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingquickly.Example1当前14页，总共92页。Conclusion1当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。当前15页，总共92页。1.Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinahospital.

我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。Example2不只一位姐姐只有一位姐姐当前16页，总共92页。3.Themagazinesherewhich/thathavenicepicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.Themagazineshere,whichhavenicepicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图画。杂志有两类杂志只有一类当前17页，总共92页。Conclusion21.限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。当前18页，总共92页。Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。2.Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。Example3限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句当前19页，总共92页。3.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没领会我的意思,这使我心烦。非限制性定语从句当前20页，总共92页。Conclusion31.限制性定语从句可以由关系代词,关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。2.非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。当前21页，总共92页。1.Thefamousbasketballstar,___comesfromAmerica,willvisitourschoolsoon.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_____shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.whichwhomwho

Practice当前22页，总共92页。4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_____Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.whichwherewhen当前23页，总共92页。7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_____wastrue.8.__weallknow,heisgoodatEnglish.Aswhich当前24页，总共92页。非限制性定语从句考点归纳：as和which引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句。1.Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。Example:当前25页，总共92页。2.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.她是个教师,这一点从她的举止可以清楚地看出。3.Hemissedtheshow,whichwasreallyagreatpity.他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。当前26页，总共92页。4.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。当前27页，总共92页。Conclusion1.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,as和which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。当前28页，总共92页。2.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。另外,as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。当前29页，总共92页。

PracticeAlicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_____cameasasurprise.2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.3.__isexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Aswhichwhich当前30页，总共92页。4.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.5.__wecansee,thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin.

whichAs当前31页，总共92页。II.all/some/of+whom/which引导非限制性定语从句Example:Hehastoldusmanystories,allofwhich

areaboutthefamousLongMatch.2.ThestudentsofClass1,someofwhom

camefromJapan,wentcampingyesterday.当前32页，总共92页。Conclusion

在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any等可与of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。当前33页，总共92页。1.Manystudentsinthisschool,someofwhicharenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.2.Thereare54studentsinmyclassandtenofwhomcomefromUS.whomCorrection:them当前34页，总共92页。3.Halfamillionpairsofshoesareproducedbytheworkershereeveryyear,80%ofwhomaresoldabroad.4.Ihavemanyfriendsinthistown,someofwhicharebusinessman.5.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofthemarequitehelpfultomyhealth.whichwhich或all前加andwhom当前35页，总共92页。Practicetime当前36页，总共92页。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.that C.whatD.which当前37页，总共92页。2.TheEnglishplay,____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’sparty,wasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhich D.onwhich当前38页，总共92页。3.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers____shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that4.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,____itwassopoorlyequipped.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that当前39页，总共92页。5.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_____isoftenthecaseinothercountries..A.itB.thatC.asD.so当前40页，总共92页。6.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose当前41页，总共92页。7.Mr.SmithwillmoveintohisnewhousenextSunday,___itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bythetimeB.onthattimeC.onwhichD.bywhichtime8.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,___leadingactorisworld-famous?A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which当前42页，总共92页。9.─Isthereadepartmentstorearound___Icangetabirthdaypresentformydaughter?─Yes,justacrossthestreet.A.hereBwhichC.whereD.it10.JiuzhaigouValleyisamostfamous placeofinterest,____Iwillnever forgetinmylife. A.itB.thatC.oneD.what当前43页，总共92页。1.①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms___shownlastweek.②Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms___shownlastweek.

A.whichwasB.thatwas

C.whichwereD.thatwereBDComparison当前44页，总共92页。2.①Hehastwosons,__arecollegestudents.②Hehastwosons,and__arecollegestudents.

A.bothofwhichB.bothofwhom

C.bothofthemD.bothofitCB当前45页，总共92页。

3.①Hestilllivesintheroom__windowfacestotheeast.②Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow__facestotheeast.③Hestilllivesintheroom__isinthenorthofthecity.④Hestilllivesintheroom__thereisabeautifultable.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhichCADB当前46页，总共92页。4.①___weallknow,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.②___iswell-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.③___iswell-known,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.A.WhichB.AsC.ItD.ThatBCB当前47页，总共92页。5.①Isthismuseum___hevisitedlastmonth?②Theteachertellsusthat___cleanstheblackboardistobepraised.A.thatB.theoneC.whichD.theonewhoBD当前48页，总共92页。

1.Goovertherestrictiveandnon-restrictiveattributiveclauses.2.FinishtheexercisesofPartAandBonp48-49inyourtextbook.3.FinishPartC1onP96inyourworkbook.Homework

当前49页，总共92页。Questiontags当前50页，总共92页。Doyouoftensay“Iloveyou”toyourparents?Howdoyousaythat?当前51页，总共92页。Sometimesyoumayaskthem:Youloveme,don’tyou?当前52页，总共92页。1.Whatarequestiontags?Questiontagsareshortquestionsthatcomeattheendofstatements.

Discussion当前53页，总共92页。2.Lookatthefollowingexamplesandtell

inwhatdifferentsituations

thequestiontagsareused.Example1:It’salovelyday,isn’t

it?Situation1:tostartaconversationExample2:Neitherofyouhasheardthenews,have

you?

Situation2:torequestinformationinamorepoliteway.当前54页，总共92页。Example

3:Passtheknifeonthetabletome,will

you?

Situation3:tosoftenanorderorarequestforsomeonetodosomething.当前55页，总共92页。Situation4:1.toaskforagreement,usingafallingtone.(Thespeakerissureaboutwhatissaid.)2.toaskforconfirmation,usingarisingtone.(Thespeakerisnotsureaboutwhatissaid.)Example4:1.You’reahighschoolstudent,aren’tyou?

2.You’reahighschoolstudent,aren’tyou?当前56页，总共92页。TrytofindthequestiontagsintheReadingsectionon43andtellthesituationsandtones.Practice:当前57页，总共92页。1.Lookinggoodisimportanttowomen,isn’tit?Iwaslucky,wasn’tI?Weshouldn’tbeashamedofthewaywelook,shouldwe?Examples当前58页，总共92页。Allthequestiontagsaboveareusedtoaskforagreementbythewriterandtheyshouldbereadinafallingtone.Conclusion:当前59页，总共92页。DiscussionPairwork1.Whatarethetwokindsofquestiontags?Positivequestiontagsandnegativequestiontags.2.Howarequestiontagsformed?

Usuallyanegativequestiontagisusedattheendofapositivestatement;apositivequestiontagisusedattheendofanegativestatement.当前60页，总共92页。Formationofquestiontags:Neither

ofyou

will

havecoffee,

willyou?Noone

has

foundmyCD,

havethey?Nobody

understood

hisspeech,

didthey?Hissister

seldom

argueswithpeople,doesshe?Example1当前61页，总共92页。Whenthemainclauseusesnegativewordslike

neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little,never,hardlyorseldom,itisfollowedbyapositivequestiontag.Conclusion1当前62页，总共92页。e.g.Thereareagroupoflittlechildreninthemuseum,

__________

?aren’tthereWhatdoestheword“little”meanhere?“Smalloryoung”ratherthan“almostno”.AttentionQuestion当前63页，总共92页。I’mlate,aren’tI?Peteroftenhelpstheoldman,doesn’the?Everyonehasadvisedyounottogoonadiet,haven’tthey?Weuseapersonalpronounlike

I,we,you,he,she,itorthey

inaquestiontag.Example2Conclusion2当前64页，总共92页。Example3Conclusion3Youliketraveling,don’t

you?Youcan’tspeakItalian,

can

you?Thereissomethingwrong,

isn’t

there?Weusean

auxiliaryverb,modelverborbe

inaquestiontag.当前65页，总共92页。Example4Conclusion4Postaletterforme,

willyou?Let’shaveabreak,

shallwe?Letusgohomenow,

willyou?Afteranimperativeclause,weuse

willyou.AfterLet’s,weuse

shallwe.当前66页，总共92页。Example5Ithinkeveryonewillbeinterestedinthesebooks,won’tthey?Iguesstheyhaven’theardabouttheplan,havethey?Idon’tsupposeTomwentbackhomeyesterday,didhe?当前67页，总共92页。Conclusion5Whenthemainclauseofthesentencebeginswith

Ithink/suppose/guess/believe/imagine…

andisfollowedbyanobjectclauseintroducedbythat,thequestiontagsareformedaccordingtotheobjectclause.当前68页，总共92页。1.Itoldhimthatyouhadfinishedthework,_______?2.YouthinkhecomesfromJapan,_________?3.Hedoesn’tguessyouareright,______?4.Wedon’timaginethathehasliedtous,_____?dowedoeshedon’tyoudidn’tIPractice当前69页，总共92页。Example6Conclusion6He’saverygoodteacher,isn’the?You’dwatchthefootballmatchratherthangototheparty,wouldn’tyou?Remember’s=isorhas,and’d=hadorwould当前70页，总共92页。Tipsaboutusingquestiontags:Takenoteof:thekindofverb(auxiliary/modalverb/otherverbs)thetenseoftheverb/verbagreement当前71页，总共92页。1.─Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?─Thereisnooneelseshecanturnto,__?A.isthereB.isitC.cansheD.doesshe2.Therewasaloudscreamfromthebackstageimmediatelyaftertheconcertended,_____?A.wasn’tthereB.wasthereC.didn’titD.diditPractice当前72页，总共92页。3.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,__?A.didn’ttheyB.don’ttheyC.mustn’ttheyD.haven’tthey4.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,______?A.isn’titB.isitC.isn’theD.ishe当前73页，总共92页。Languagepoints当前74页，总共92页。1.considerNowheisconsideringtakingsomepills,whichhethinkswillmakehimbecomestronger.(Page49,line7)释义：a.thinkabout

考虑,思考b.beoftheopinion,regardas

认为,以为c.takeintoaccount

顾虑,体谅当前75页，总共92页。

consider(doing)sthconsidersbas/tobeconsiderit+adj./n+forsb.todoconsider的常见用法considersbthatclause/wh-clause当前76页，总共92页。我们已经考虑了今天下午去科技馆。Wehave__________________________________thisafternoon.2.我认为你不该为之受责备。Iconsider__________________________.

consideredgoingtothesciencemuseum

thatyouarenottoblameforit完成下列句子的英文翻译：当前77页，总共92页。3.他们认为你很热心。Theyconsider______________________.4.我们认为这件事不重要。Weconsider

________________________.

thismatter(as)unimportant

youtobewarm-hearted当前78页，总共92页。5.这个科学家被认为发明了一种新型电话。Thisscientist_______________________________________________.6.我们认为他这样做是自私的。Weconsider_____________________.

isconsideredtohaveinventedanewtypeoftelephone

itselfishforhimtodoso当前79页，总共92页。affecteffecteffortofferresult,impressionholdout,putforwardtryinghardhaveaninfluenceon2.affect/effect/effort/offer当前80页，总共92页。1.Allthepeopletherewere_______totears.2.Katewasmuch_______bythesadnews.3.Thebookhadagreat_____onhisfuture.

affectedaffectedeffectaffect/effect/effort/offerPractice当前81页，总共92页。4.Heusedto____meblackbreadforlunch.5.Jimwillmakemore_____tolearnEnglishwell.offerefforts当前82页，总共92页。3.recognize/realize释义：know,identifyagain;

认识,认出bewillingtoaccept...asinthepast;

承认,认可

bepreparedtoadmit;自认,知道

acknowledge;

公认,赏识常见用法:recognizesb/sth. recognize…as/tobe… recognizethat…recognize当前83页，总共92页。释义:

befullyconsciousof,understand完全认识,了解

convert…intoafact使(计划、希望等)实现

exchange…formoney变卖(财产、股票等)obtainasapriceorprofit

卖得、获得常见用法:realizesb./sth.realizethat…