2017届高考英语一轮复习学通语法第六讲并列句和状语从句新人教版

第六讲并列句和状语从句单句语法填空1．(2015·广东高考语法填空)Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrasswhenitbegantorainheavily.2．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.3．(2014·辽宁高考语法填空)Unbelievable!Oh...ifyoudon’tmind,I’llstopandtakeadeepbreath.4．(2015·北京高考改编)Heisashyman,butheisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.5．(2014·北京高考改编)Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,soplantscanspreadtonewplaces.6．(2014·山东高考改编)Idon’treallyliketheauthor,although/thoughIhavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.7．(2014·天津高考改编)Onceyoustarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.8．(2014·安徽高考改编)Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimesbeforeitfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”．9．(2013·山东高考改编)MarkneedstolearnChinesesincehiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.10．(2012·四川高考改编)Atschool,somestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.一、并列句(一)并列句的4种种类1．表并列、递进或顺承关系：and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...Theearthisoneofthesun’splanets,andthemoonisoursatellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。2．表转折、对照关系：but,yet,while1①Theproblemwasalittlehard,yetIwasabletoworkitout.这道题有点难，但是我却把它做出来了。②ThewinterinBeijingisverycoldwhilethatofKunmingiswarm.北京的冬季很冷，但是昆明的冬季却很温暖。3．表选择关系：or,otherwise,orelse,either...or...,not...but...Nowyoucaneitherhavearestoryoucangotothecinema.此刻你能够歇息，也能够去看电影。4．表因果关系：so,for(表“因为”，一般不放在句首)Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.因为他视力开始降落，他发现念书愈来愈困难了。(二)并列句的2大句式1．when“就在这时，忽然”，常用以下句式?sb.beabouttodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...某人正要做某事，忽然?sb.bedoingsth.when...某人正在做某事，忽然?sb.haddonesth.when...某人刚做完某事，忽然①OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaywhenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.当我们周五在整理行李要去度周末时，我的女儿忽然听到了呼救声。②Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她刚达成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。2．and与or/otherwise用于并列句?祈使句＋and＋陈说句(and表示顺承关系)?祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈说句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)①Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,andyou’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.想法常常夸奖你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们愿意愿你敞高兴扉。②Hurryup,or/otherwiseyouwillbelateforclass.快点儿，不然你们上课就迟到了。二、状语从句(一)时间状语从句1．when,while和as的用法2连词含义及用法例句“当时候”，可与连续性动词或短Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustwhen暂性动词连用；从句动作能够发生在主presentyourcredentials.当你申请工句动作以前、以后或与主句动作同时发作时，你一定递交你的相关证书。生Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswhile“当时候”，一般只可与连续性动werefinishingtheirmeal.客人们就词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生“一边一边”，常与连续性动as词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生

要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。Ashegrewolder,hebecamelessactive.跟着他渐渐长大，他变得不那么开朗了。—————————————————————————————————————[名师指津]假如主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用连续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when,while与as可交换使用。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.我正沿着大街走时，刚巧碰到了我的一个老朋友。—————————————————————————————————————2．before与since的用法(1)before表示“在以前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用于以下句型：?Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...多久以后才?Itwon’tbelongbefore...不久以后就?Itwas＋一段时间＋before...过了多久才Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.约翰以为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。(2)since的用法since表示“自从”，其指引的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用此刻达成时或此刻达成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。IhavereturnedhometwicesinceIsettleddownintheStates.自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。Theyhavebeenlivingveryhappilysincetheygotmarried.自从成婚后他们向来生活得很幸福。3since指引的从句的谓语假如连续性动词，常理解为某一状态的停止；假如停止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。Hehaswrittentomefrequentlysincehewasill.自从病好以来，他常常给我来信。Hehaswrittentomefrequentlysincehewentabroad.他自出国以来，常常给我写信。③since表示“自从以来”，常用于“Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用此刻达成时。Asisreported,ithasbeen/isover100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded.据报导，清华大学已经成立了100多年了。3．till,until和not...until...的用法(1)until或till表示“某动作向来连续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为一定式。这两个词能够换用，但till不可以够置于句首，而until能够。Haveyouheardthemeetingwillbeputofftill/untilnextTuesday?这个会议将被推延到下周二，你有没有听闻？(2)not...until...表示“直到才”，主句谓语动词一定是非连续性动词。AsfarasIknow,hismotherwon’tgotobeduntilhereturnshomeeveryevening.据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。4．表示“一就，刚就”的常用表达表示“一就”的表达assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstantThemomentIheardthevoice，IknewFatherwascoming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。表示“刚就”的表达nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：nosooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去达成时，而than与when指引的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。别的，当把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.＝Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.他刚达成演讲学生们就开始喝彩起来。(二)条件状语从句1．条件状语从句的常有指引词4if,unless(＝if...not),so/aslongas(只需),onconditionthat(条件是),ifonly(＝if),providedthat(假如),incase(万一，假如),suppose/supposingthat(假定，假如),assumingthat等均可指引条件状语从句。①WewillhaveapicnicintheparkthisSundayunlessitrainsorit’sverycold.除非下雨或天很冷，不然我们将在本周日去公园野餐。②Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.我的父亲母亲不在乎我从事什么工作，只需我快乐就好。2．条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般此刻时表未来含义；此刻达成时表马上达成以后的状况；一般过去时表过去未来的含义。Ifeveryonedoeshispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.假如大家都尽责，这个项目一定会成功。(三)退步状语从句1．although,though,while指引的退步状语从句。Though/Although/Whileregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.只管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好想法。2．as,though指引的退步状语从句需用部分倒装语序。Hotas/thoughthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.在长途跋涉以后，只管夜晚的空气很热，我们仍是因为累睡得很熟。3．“疑问词＋-ever”指引的退步状语从句，意为“不论”。Whereveryouchoosetosettledown,youshouldattempttofitinwiththelocalpeople.不论你选择在哪里定居，你都应当试试做到入乡随俗。4．whether...or...指引的退步状语从句，意为“不论仍是”，表示正反两种状况都不会影响主句的意愿或结果。We’llgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsorwecannot.不论我们可否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。(四)地址状语从句5地址状语从句表示地址、方向，往常由where,wherever指引，可置于句首、句中或句尾。IcannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoisewhereIamsitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大，因此听不清教授在说什么。[名师指津]—————————————————————————————————————where指引的定语从句与状语从句的差别：地址状语从句与定语从句的差别在于从句在句中所作的成分，假如作状语，则是状语从句；假如作定语，则是定语从句。Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainwhereshewasandwaitforhermother.(状语从句，此中remain为不及物动词)→Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainintheplacewhereshewasandwaitforhermother.(定语从句)那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。—————————————————————————————————————(五)原由状语从句原由状语从句可由because,as,since,nowthat,inthat,considering(that)等词指引。1．because译作“因为”，表示直接原由，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairbecausehewantedtositnexttohiswife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着老婆坐。2．as译作“因为”，语气较轻，常表示不言而喻的原由；since(既然),nowthat(既然),inthat(因为)，表示两方都知道的原由，语气较弱。as,since和nowthat指引的从句多位于主句以前。Nowthatyouhavegotajob,youshouldlearntobeindependentofyourparents.既然你找到了一份工作，你应当学会独立不依赖父亲母亲。(六)方式状语从句指引方式状语从句的附属连词有as,asif,asthough等。方式状语从句应放在主句以后。此中asif或asthough指引的从句常用虚构语气，但假如从句中所陈说的状况很可能实现，也可用陈说语气。①Thehousewasgreatlydamagedbythetruck.We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive.6卡车对这座房屋造成了严重的破坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。②Theconstructionindustryisnolongerasdepressedasitwas.建筑业不再像过去那样冷清了。③Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。(七)结果状语从句1．指引结果状语从句的附属连词有：so...that...,such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...,such...that...指引的句子中的that能够省略，注意其结构形式：so＋形容词/副词＋that从句so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句so＋少＋名词＋that从句such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句such＋形容词＋可数名词复数/不行数名词＋that从句①Heissuchalearnedpersonthatweadmirehimverymuch.＝Heissolearnedapersonthatweadmirehimverymuch.他这样有学识，以致于我们特别欣赏他。②Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.天气这样明朗，以致于我们都想去公园。③Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.他挣这么少的钱，以致于养不发迹。2．当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such...asto...。Hewassocleverastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.＝Hewassocleverastudentastobeabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.他是一名这样聪慧的学生，以致于他能够解决全部难题。(八)目的状语从句指引目的状语从句的附属连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(that),lest等。1．inorderthat和sothat指引的目的状语从句两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们指引的状语从句中常用神态动词。Whenhegoesout,heoftenwearssunglassessothat/inorderthatnobody/noonecanrecognizehim.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。72．forfearthat,incase(that)和lest指引的目的状语从句指引目的状语从句时，forfearthat表示“惧怕，担忧某事会发生”；incase(that)/lest表示“以防出现某种状况”。①Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.那个男孩藏在树后边，以防他父亲看到他。②Takeyourraincoatincase/lestitshouldrain.带上雨衣以防下雨。[典题优选][我来更正][常设误点](2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeinthecountryside.Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsare①or→and(1)并列连词的错用green.常有的并列连词有：and(表示顺②(2015·四川高考)AndI②so→but承)，but(表示转折)，or(表示startedtoseethisasa选择)，so(表示因果)。time-wastingactivity!Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Hehad(2)并列连词的缺失adeepvoice,whichsethim在并列句中，一定要有并列连词apartfromothersinoursmall第二个he前加and连结，特别是表示递进和并列关town,hewasstrongand系的and不可以缺乏。powerful.①(2015·浙江高考)IfIwas①If→(3)状语从句连结词的错用onlyachildwhenIstudiedinThough/Although①应搞清是何种状语从句以及thatclassroom,Iwillnever它们的连结词；forgetit.②during→when②不要把介词误用作连结词，例8②(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)In如during和with为介词，不可以fact,heevenscaredmy③unless→until指引状语从句；classmatesawayduringthey③应注意简单混杂的连结词，如cameovertoplayordo④when→sincewhen,while和as；before和homeworkwithme.since；unless和until等；③(2016·洛阳市统考)Shekept④应注意常有的固定句式，如onturningbacktoseeme“It’s＋一段时间＋unlesswecouldn’tseeeachsince...”等。otheranylonger.④(2016·长春市质检)ItisthreeyearswhenIbecameahighschoolstudent.(2013·陕西高考)Assoonaswe(4)并列连词和状语从句连结词的同时使用arrived,sowedroppedthe去掉so前后两个分句不可以同时由并列linesintothewater.连词和附属连词连结。[常考题点对点练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·南昌调研)OnAugust24,1853,acustomerreturnedhisfriedpotatoestothekitchen,becausetheyweren’tcrunchy(脆的)enough.2．(2016·临沂二模)Theycaneitherchoosetoacceptthechallengeordonate100dollars,ordotheboth.3．(2016·海口二模)Therewasawaytohelphimgrowmore,buthisparentsdidnothaveenoughmoneytopayforhismedicalneeds.4．(2016·济宁模拟)ItisnearlyfifteenyearssinceIlastsawher—sheistheownerofalocalrestaurant.5．(2016·石家庄二模)ThatmorningImadesureIhadenoughtodrinkandwenttothetoiletaboutthreetimesbeforeweleft.6．(2016·洛阳高三一模)Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit,forit’stooexpensive.7．(2016·曲阜市三校模拟)Becarefulwithyourmachine,or/otherwiseyou’llbe9hurt.8．(2016·南阳一中二模)Youarefallingsofastthatjustturningyourheadcansendyouoffinadifferentdirection.9．(2016·潍坊三模)Itremainstobeseenwhetherpeoplereallywanttocarrybothasmartphoneandasmartwatch.10．(2016·东北三校模拟)Iwishmyhousewouldbebuiltwherewecanenjoybeautifulscenerywithmountainsandrivers.11．(2016·唐山一中仿真模拟)Gateswasonly21yearsoldwhenhefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1976.12．(2016·潍坊三模)Mr.Zhangfeltverytired,soheneededagoodrest.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2016·石家庄一模短文改错)Now,thisunforgetablelessonstillencouragesmetobeanactivelearnerwhereIgo.where→wherever2．(2016·河南八市检测短文改错)Althoughwedoknowregrettingthepastisofnobenefit,butwestillcan’thelpdoingit.去掉but3．(2016·浙江六校联考短文改错)OneSunday,Iwasreadingmybookwhileitsuddenlyoccurredtomethatitwasmother’sbirthdaythenextday.while→when4．(2016·洛阳统考短文改错)BeforeIleftmyhometowntocometostudyinEngland,Iwaspartlyterrified,andmostlyIwasexcited.and→but5．(2016·贵州七校联考短文改错)Firstly,wecanbroadenourhorizonsorknowmoreabouttheworldbywatchingthelatestnewsandreports.or→and6．(2016·大庆质量检测二短文改错)TinaandIhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.Weoftendidthingstogether,soonedayTinadidn’ttalktomeandjustsatbyherself.so→but7．(2016·邢台模拟短文改错)Althoughshewastoobusytogowithme,shetoldmetoselltheextraticketifpossible.Although→As/Because8．(2016·河北省七校联考短文改错)Workhard,youwillmakemuchprogressandrealizeyourdreams.you前加and[高考题型综合练]Ⅰ.语法填空(2016·山东省实验中学四次诊疗)LastWednesday,about7,400Americanbankerswentbacktoschoolagain.Thistimetheydidnotgotolearn—theywenttoteach.__1__1997,theAmericanBankersAssociationhassponsoredTeachChildrentoSaveDay.EveryApril26,bankersacrosstheUSAteachover1.5millionprimaryand10secondaryschoolstudentshowtohandle__2__money.IntheUSA,children,especiallyteenagers,areoftenbigspenders.In2013,forexample,Americanteenagersspent$175billion.Thisis__3__averageof$104perastheycan.Nearlyallwillcontinuetheir__4__(spend)habitswhentheygrowup.It’snecessarythatchildrenlearnpropermoneymanagement__5__theyarestillyoung.Thebankersshowstudentshowtobudgetandmakesmart__6__(decide)aboutthestudentsunderstandtheirfamily’sshoppingandhouseholdexpensesaswell.Ofcourse,students__7__(teach)howtoinvestandsavemoneytoo.AsBenjaminFranklinsaid,“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”Moreover,money__8__(save)atinterestcanincreasegreatlyinvalueovertime.Children,__9__adults,needtounderstandthevalueofsavingmoney.Thisis__10__TeachChildrentoSaveDayisallabout.错误!1．Since考察附属连词。依据后边句子谓语