2016年职称英语卫生类A级考试试卷及答案

2016年职称英语卫生类A级考试试卷及答案

【试题一】

Chineseiswrittenincharacters,howmanycharactersarethere?

an51personcanprobablyrecognizemorethan6,000characters

whilethemostcommoncomputerencodingsystemintaiwanand

hongkongincludes5213,000characters,andthe53systeminch

inaincludesabout6,500characters.however,54Chinesewords

aregenerallycomposedoftwocharacters,onlyafewthousandchar

acterscanbeusedtounderstandmanytensor55hundredsof

thousandsofwords.56knowledgeof2or3thousandisgoodenough

foruseofcommunicationinchinese.chinesecharactersareoften

57forbeingoverlycomplexrelativetoother58systems.onereason

fortheaddedcomplexityisthedifferentinformationcontentofthe

characters.romanlettergiverelativelypreciseinformationonpron

unciation,but59informationonmeaning.in60,Chinesecharacters

givelessprecise（andsometimesno）pronunciationinformation,

but61giveinformationonmeaning,however,Iearningchinese

charactersisnotasdifficultasonewould62firstly,becausethe

majorityofchinesecharactersarephonetic（语音）complexes,

learningto63themisnotsodifficult.secondly,becauseallchara

ctersarederived64acouplehundredsimplepictographs（象形文

字）andideographs（表意文字）inwaysthatareusuallyquite65and

easytoremember,Iearningtorecognizeandwritethemisnotthat

hardeither.

51.catedc.advancedd.analyzed

52.a.aboveb.aboutc.abroadd.aboard

53.a.correctionb.symbolc.criteriad.standard

54.a.thoughb.althoughc.sinced.even

55.a.evenb.onlyc.ratherd.also

56.a.moreoverb.howeverc.andd.thus

57.a.praisedb.acknowledgedc.criticizedd.appreciated

58.a.spokenb.writingc.writtend.oral

59.a.muchb.morec.lessd.lots

60.a.contrastb.additionc.returnd.abstract

61.a.notb.didc.thend.do

62.a.thinkb.tellc.considerd.see

63.nounceb.soundc.utterd.say

64.a.amongb.fromc.ofd.between

65.a.reasonableb.avaliablec.logicald.sensible

参考答案：

51.b52.b53.d54.c55.a56.d57.c58.b59.c60.a61.d62.

a63.a64.b65.c

【试题二】

HaveYouevergonetoaconcertandrealizedthatyourseatswer

erightnexttotheboomingspeakers?Areyouguilty

(1).turningupthevolumeonyourportablecassetteorCDplayer

todrownoutthewhining(哭哭啼啼)ofyourlittIebrother?Sometimes

it'sdifficulttoavoidloudmusicornoises,buttheycanbebadnews

becauseloudnoisescan(2)temporaryorpermanent

hearingloss.

Extremelyloudmusicandnoisesthatgoonforlongperiodsof

(3)arecommoncausesofdeafness.lfanoiseissoloud

thatyouhavetoshouttomakeyourself(4),thereisa

(5)thatthemechanisminsideyourearcanbeinjured

Temporaryhearinglosscanhappenafteryou'vebeen(

6)toloudnoiseforonly1minutes.Ifyouhavetemporaryhearing

loss.youwon'tbeabletohearas(7)asyounormallycan,

andyoumayhavetinnitus(耳鸣)，whichisafaneywordforringingi

ntheears.Yourearscallfeel“full"，too(8)thesethings

usuallygoawayandyourhearingsoonreturnstonormal.

Permanenthearinglosscanhappenwhen,someoneisexposed

toIoudnoise(9)andover.Constructionworkersand

peopIewhoworkinfactoriesmust10)earprotectors

beeausetheequipmenttheyusecanbeextremelyloud.Butevens

omelawnmowers(害!I草机)andpowertoolscanpermanently

_(11)aperson'sabilitytohearhigh-pitchednoisesandcanalsogi

vehimpermanenttinnitus.ListeningtoextremelyIoudmusicover

andovercallaIsohavethesameeffeetonaperson's

(12).AndusingheadphonesonaportablecassetteorCDplayercan

bedangerous(13)ifthevolumeistoohighandthehe

adphonesareusedalot,thenoisecandamagetheears.

Thebestwaytoavoidhearinglossistoweareatprotectors

whenworkingwithmachineryandearplugswhengoingto

a(14).HeadphonesareOKtowearwhenyou'relistening

tomusiejustbesurethevolumeisn'ttoohigh,andgivethemarest

(15)onceinawhile.

练习：

1AofBforCatDon

2AhaveBtakeCcauseDtap

3AcourseBlengthCstateDtime

4AheardBappreciatedCtrackedDwelcomed

5AluckBpointCchanceDsense

6AexposedBexpressedCcarriedDreflected

7AgoodBwellCregularlyDstable

8AUnfortunatelyBAccordinglyCLuckilyDUnexpectedly

9AoverBoneeCagainDaway

10AhearBbearCwearDtear

11AaffectBeffectCenforceDpresent

12AscopeBattitudeCsurveyDhearing

13AwhereasBalthoughCbecauseDunless

14AconcertBfactoryCmetingDmall

15AeachBeveryCallDfor

参考答案：1A2c3D4A5C6A7B8C

9A10C11A12D13C14A15B

2016年职称英语卫生类A级试题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1〜15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定

1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Withimmenserelief,Istoppedrunning.

AsomeBenormousClittieDextensive

2.Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.

AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate

3.Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.

AhitBpassedCreachedDled

4.Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.

ApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise

5.ThereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzIe.

AfactBmysteryCstatementDgame

6.Thatguyisreallywitty.

AsmartBuglyChonorableDpopular

7.Theworldchampionsufferedasensationaldefeat.

AreasonableBdramaticChumiliatingDhorrifying

8.ItseemsthatonlyMaryiseligibleforthejob.

ApreparedBtrainedCqualifiedDguided

9.ThispoemdepictsthebeautifulsceneryofatownintheSouth.

ApraisesBwritesCimitatesDdescribes

1O.ThemeaningisstiIIobscure.

AvagueBtransparentCalienDsignificant

11.Dumpedwastemightcontaminatewatersupplies.

AdestroyBdecreaseCdelayDpollute

12.OnetheorypostulatesthattheancientFilipinoscamefrom

IndiaandPersia.

AassumesBexpectsCpredictsDconsiders

13.ltisverydifficultforachildtoadheretorules.

ArememberBfollowCunderstandDlearn

14.1hopethatIdidn'tdoanythingabsurdlastnight.

AawkwardBstrangeCstupidDawful

15.ThereshouIdbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.

AforbidBadvocateCinheritDwithdraw

参考答案：1B2A3B4D5B6A7B8c9D10A11D12A13

B14C15A

第2部分：阅读判断（第16〜22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择

B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

SleepProblemsPIaguethe0IderSet

OlderAmericansoftenhavedifficultygettingagoodnight's

rest.It'sahugequality-of-lifeproblem,expertssay,beeausecontr

arytopopularbelief,seniorsrequireaboutthesameamountof

sleepasyoungeradults.,lSIeepproblemsandsleepdisordersare

notaninherent（固有的）partofaging,“saidDr.HarrisonG.Bloom,

anassociateclinicalprofessorofgeriatrics（老年病学）andmedicine

attheMountSinaiSchooIofMedicineinNewYorkCity.**It'sp

rettymuchofamyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyounger

people.,,

Yet,inastudypublishedrecentlyinTheAmericanJournalof

Medicine,researchersfoundthatmorethanhalfofolderAmericans

haveproblemsgettingthesleeptheyneed.

Olderpeopletendtohave"sleepfragmentation,“meaningthey

wakeupmoreoftenduringthenight,saidstudyauthorDr.Julie

Gammack,anassistantprofessorofmedicineintheDivisionof

GeriatricMedicineatSt.LouisUniversity.

Theyalsoseemtogetless"REM"sleep,thetypeofsleepduring

whichrapideyemovementoccurs,Bloomadded.

It'sunclearwhatroIethesenaturallyoccurringchangesin

sleeppatternshaveonaperson'squalityoflife,Bloomsaid."Whati

simportant,though,isthatoIderpeopleoftenhaveactualsleep

disordersandproblemswithsleep,“hesaid.

And,expertssay,thereisusuallymorethanonecause.*'SIeep

troubleinolderadultsistypicallyassociatedwithacuteandchronic

illnesses,includingspecificsleepdisorderslikesleepapnea（呼吸暂

停）andrestlesslegsyndromethatappearwithgreaterfrequencyin

olderpopulations,"saidMichaelV.VitielIo,aprofessorofp

sychiatryandbehavioralsciencesandassociatedirectorofthe

UniversityofWashington'sNorthwestGeriatricEducationCenter.Ta

kingmultipiemedications,asmanyolderpeopledo,canalsoleadto

fatigueand"hypersomnia,"orbeingtiredallthetime,Bloom

added.

Anotherbigproblem,henoted,isdepressionandanxiety."Those

areverycommonlyassociatedwithsieepproblems."Despitethe

prevalence（流行）ofsleepdifficultiesinolderadults,manypatients

aren'tgettingthehelptheyneed.Asaresult,problemslikeinso

mnia（失眠），restlessIegsyndromeandsleepapneaareunderdia

gnosedandundertreated,Bloomsaid.

16Sleepproblemscanseriouslyaffectone,squalityoflife.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Itistruethatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyounger

people.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18YoungerpeopIeinAmericaseldomcomplainofsleepd

isorders.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19ThenumberofolderAmericanswithsleepproblemsisnot

small.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20"Sleepfragmentation,,referstoamarkedIackofUREM"sleep.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21ThecausesofsleepproblemsinoIderpeopleremainu

nidentified.

ARightBWrongCNotmeritioned

22ActionswiIIsoonbetakeninAmericatobetterheIppeople

withsleepproblems.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

答案及解析：

16A短文的第一段第二句说，睡眠问题是一个重大的生活质量问题。显

然，睡不好觉，会严重影响一个人的生活质量。

17B短文的第一段第二句又说，老年人所需要的睡眠时间与年轻成年者

没有什么区另晨

18C短文通篇谈的是老年人的睡眠问题，没有提及年轻人是否抱怨有睡

眠障碍。

19A短文的第三段说，研究者发现有超过半数的美国老年人有睡眠问题。

20B短文的第四段对sleepfragmentation进行了解释，它与REMsi

eep无关，指的是夜间经常醒来。

21年人睡眠问题的起因进行了分析，主要与各种急、慢性病相关。

22C短文没有提及美国是否很快会采取行动帮助老年人解决睡眠问题。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23〜30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项

中为第1〜4段，每段选择1个最佳标题;（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个

选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

DepressionandtheElderly

1Weallfeelsadattimes.However,clinicaldepressionisas

eriousmatter.Clinicaldepression,sometimescalledmajord

epression,isabiologicallybasedbraindisorderthataffectsone'st

houghts,feelings,behavior,andphysicaIhealth.Whenpeople

complainthattheyfeelterrible,theyhavenointerestortakenop

leasureinthings,havetroublesleepingJackenergy,havepoor

appetite,orcannotconcentrate,depressionisadefinitepossibility.

2Depressioninitsmanyformsaffectsmorethan6.5millionof

the35miIlionAmerScanswhoare65yearsorolder.Mostolder

peoplewithdepressionhavebeensufferingfromepisodes（发作）of

theillnessduringmuchoftheirlives.Forothers,depressionhasafir

stonset（起病）inlatelife_evenforthoseintheir80sand90s.

DepressioninoIderpersonsiscloselyassociatedwithdependency

anddisabilityandcausesgreatsufferingfortheindividuaIandthe

family.

3Manyolderpeopleandtheirfamiliesdon'trecognizethesy

mptomsofdepression,aren'tawarethatitisamedicalillness,and

don'tknowhowitistreated.0thersmaymistakethesymptomsof

depressionassignsofdementia（痴呆）・Also,manyolderpeople

thinkthatdepressionisacharacterflaw（缺陷）andareworriedab

outbeingstigmatized（给带来耻辱），sotheyblamethemselvesfor

theirillnessandaretooashamed（羞耻的）togethelp.Othersworry

thattreatmentwouldbetoocostly.

4Olderpersonswithdepressionrarelyseektreatmentforthe

illness.Unrecognizedanduntreateddepressionhasfatalconsequen

cesintermsofbothsuicideandnon-suicidemortality（死亡率）.The

highestrateofsuicideintheUSisamongoIderwhitemen.

Depressionisthesinglemostsignificantriskfactorforsuicide

inthatpopulation.Tragically,manyofthosepeoplewhogoontoco

mmitsuicidehavereachedoutforhelp—20%seeadoctortheday

theydie,40%theweektheydie,and70%inthemonththeydie.Y

etdepressionisfrequentlymissed.

23.Paragraph1

24.Paragraph2

25.Paragraph3

26.Paragraph4

AHowcommonisdepressioninlaterlife?

BWhatisdepression?

CWhatrelievesdepressioninolderpeople?

DWhydoesdepressioninolderpeopleoftengountreated?

ECandepressioninolderpeopiebetreated?

FWhataretheconsequencesofuntreateddepressioninolder

people?

27.Clinicaldepressionisdifferentfrom.

28.Depressioninolderpeopleisstronglylinkedwith.

29.Depressionisregardedbymanyolderpeopleas.

30.ManyoIderpeoplecommitsuicideasaresultof.Aach

aracterflaw

Bnormalsadnessandgrief

Cadefinitepossibility

Ddependencyanddisability

Easignificantriskfactor

Funrecognizedanduntreateddepression

答案及解析：

B短文的第一段主要是对depression—词从临床的角度进行了定义，称

其为一种生理学上的大脑疾病，会影响人的思想、感情、行为以及身体健康。

A短文的第二段主要讲老年人患各种形式的depression的比例。

D短文的第三段主要讲的是：人们或出于无知，或出于羞耻感，或出于

经济原因等而对depression不予以治疗。

F短文的第四段主要讲的是：depression若不能得到及时的治疗，会造成自

杀或者是非自杀性死亡的后果。

B第一段的头两句讲到，expression不同于一般的悲痛。

D第二段的最后一句说到，老年人是否患expression,其实与他们的依

赖性和残疾有很大关系。

A第三段的第三句讲到，许多老年人将depression视为性格缺陷。

F第四段的第二句说到，不少老年人由于不知道自己得了depression

这种病或者是由于患了这种病却没有得到治疗而自杀。

第4部分：阅读理解（第SI〜45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定

1个最佳选项。

第一篇IQ-gene

IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegen

esthatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfrom

experiences,oneIittlefactgetsoverlooked：noonehasidentified

anygenes(otherthanthosethatcauseretardation)thataffeetintel

ligence.

SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominofLondon'sInstituteof

Psychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Theyfiguredthatifyouwant

tofinda"smartgene,,'youshouldlookinsmartkids.Theyth

ereforeexaminedtheDNAofstudentslikethosewhoaresobright

thattheytakecollegeentranceexamsfouryearsearly_andstiII

scoreatPrinceton-caliberlevels.Thescientistsfoundwhattheyso

ught."Wehave,,,saysPlomin,"thefirstspecificgeneever

associatedwithgeneralintelligence."

Plomin'scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51children

each,aII6to15yearsoldandlivinginsixcountiesaroundCleve

land.Inonegroup,theaverageIQis103.Allthechildrenarewhite.

Isolatingthebloodcells,theresearchersthenexaminedeach

child'schromosome6.Ofthe37landmarksonchromosome6that

theresearcherslookedfor,onejumpedout：aformofgenecalled

IGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninthehigh-IQgroupasin

theaveragegroup_32percentversus16percent.Thestudy,inthe

MayissueofthejournalPsychologicalScience,concludesthatitis

thisformoftheIGF2Rgenethatcontributestointelligence.

SomegeneticistsseemajorproblemswiththeIQ-genestudy.

OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin'sgroupfellfor"chopsticksfallacy".

Geneticistsmightthinkthey'vefoundageneforchopsticksflexibility,

butalIthey'vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsiansthan,

say,Africans.Similarly,Piomin'sIQgenemightsimplybeonethati

smorecommoningroupsthatemphasizeacademicachievement.

“Whatisthegenethatthey'vefoundreflectsethnicity?"asks

geneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Thatalone

mightexplaintheIinktointelligence,sinceIQtestsareknownfor

beingculturallysensitiveandaffectedbyachild'senvironment.”

AndNeilRischofStandfordUniversitypointsoutthatifyoulook

for37genesonachromosome,astheresearchersdid,andfindth

atoneismorecommoninsmarterkids,thatmightreflectpure

chanceratherthanacausallinkbetweenthegeneandintelligence.

WarnsFeinberg："Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxof

salt."

31.Inthebeginningofparagraphonewearetoldthats

cientistscannotagree

AhowmuchofIQcomesfromintelligence.

Bhowmanychildreninheritgenesfromparents.

ChowmuchofIQcomesfromgenes.

Dhowmanychildrenlearnbyexperience.

32.Whatdoes"someninthesecondsentenceofparagraphone

standsfor?

AParents.BChildren.

CExperiences.DGenes.

33.Ageneforchopsticksflexibilityisfoundtobe

Aunrelatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks.

Brelatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks.

Cunrelatedtotheabilitytouseforks.

Drelatedtotheabilitytouseforks.

34.Piomin'sIQ-genestudyissimilartothechopsticksgene

findinginthat

AtheremaynotbeacausalIinkbetweengeneandintelligenee.

Bthereisaclosecorrelationbetweengeneandintelligence.

Ctheremaybeacloserelationbetweenchopsticksflexibilityand

children'sacademicscore.

Dthereisnotacloserelationbetweenchopsticksflexibilityand

children'sacademicscore.

35.WhatdoesFeinbergmeanbysaying“Iwouldtakethese

findingswithawholeboxofsalt"?

AHewouIdconsiderthemwhiIeeatinghismeals.

BHedefinitelybelievesthefindings.

CHewouIdconsiderthemwhiIeshoppingforsalt.

DHedoubtsthefindingsverymuch.

第二篇MentalRetardation（智力迟纯）

Mentalretardationisaconditioninwhichpeoplehavelower

thannormalintelligenceandareunabletofunctionatthelevelexp

ectedfortheirage.Peoplewithmentalretardationareusuallyborn

withit,oritdevelopsearlyintheirlife.Theymayalsohavesome

difficultywithdailyIivingskilIssuchaslearningtoreadandwrite

andcaringforthemselves.

Doctorsandotherprofessionalsdeterminethatapersonhasmental

retardationbasedontheirintelligenceandhowwelltheycando

everydayactivities.IntelligenceistheabilitytoIeamandun

derstand.Levelsofintelligencearemeasuredbyspecialtestscalled

intelligencetests.Thescoreapersongetsononeofthesetestsgives

anumerical（数字的）measureofaperson'sintelligenee.Thisiscalled

anintelligencequotient（智商）orIQ.

AnaveragescoreonanIQtestisabout90to110.Apersonwith

mentalretardationwillusuallyscorebelow75onanIQtest.

TheIQtestalonedoesnotdeterminewhethersomeoneis

mentallyretarded.Apersonmustalsohavetroublewitheveryday

activitiessuehasgettingdressed,eating,washing,orlearningbasic

reading,writing,andarithmeticskills.Mentalretardationisnota

diseaseitself.Itcannotbecuredandit'snotcontagious（传染的）■

Thisconditioncanbecausedbyseveralthingsthatinjurethebrain

ordon'tallowthebraintodevelopnormally.Manytimeswedon't

knowwhyapersonhasmentairetardation.

Sometimesitmaybecausedbygenes.Genesarechemical

unitsfoundineverycell.Theycarrytheinstractionstellingcells

whattodo.Sometimes,childrenreceiveabnormalgenesfromtheir

parents.

Adefectivegenemayalsodevelopspontaneously.Neither

parentwouldhavepassedonthegene,butthegenechangesbeforet

hebabydevelops.

Someotherproblemsthatcancausementalretardationalsoha

ppenbeforeachildisborn.Itisimportantforthebraintodevelop

properlyifachildistohavenormalintelligence."Planningapregnan

cyisthemostimportantdecisionmostofuswillmakeinour

lifetime.Ahealthylifestyleandgoodmedicalcareshouldbeginbefore

awomanbecomespregnantandcontinuethroughoutthepregnancy,"

saysJodiRucquoi,ageneticcounselorfrom

Connecticut.IfawomanabusesalcohoIordrugsordoesn'teat

well,thereisarisktothedevelopingbaby.Also,aprematurebirth

orproblemsduringchildbirthcansometimesharmthebaby'sdeve

lopingbrain.Whileprematurebabiesaregenerallyfine,thereisagr

eaterchancethattheymayhavementalretardation.

Insomecases,ayoungchildcandevelopmentalretardation

afterbeingsickwithaseriousinfectionorotherillness,orafter

sufferingabadheadinjury.

36.Achildcanbetakenasmentallyretardedifheorshe

Awasbornprematurely.

Bhaslowerthannormalintelligence.

Chaslowintelligenceandlowdailylivingskills.

Dhasnormalintelligencebutdifficultiesinlearning.

37.ApersonofhighintelligencewilIprobablyscore

Aabove110onanIQtest.B110onanIQtest.

C90onanIQtest.Dbelow75onanIQtest.

38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofmentaIretardation?

AItisnotcurable.

BItsvictimsareusuallybornwithit.

CItscausesarenotfullyidentifiedyet.

DItcanspreadamongfamilymembers.

39.WhichisNOTapossiblecauseofmentalretardation?

AAlcoholordrugabuse.

BAbnormalgenesfromtheparents.

CAweH-plannedpregnancy.

DProblemsduringchiIdbirth.

40.Theword,,While"inLine4fromthebottomcanbestbere

placedby

AUnless.BBecause.

CSince.DAlthough.

第三篇ManyOlderDoctorsPIantoPhaseoutTheirPractice

TheresuItsofanewsurveyindicatethat48percentofph

ysiciansbetween50and65yearsofageareplanningtoreduceor

endtheirclinicalpracticeinthenext1to3years.

Thefindingsalsosuggestthatmanyolderphysiciansbelieve

thattheiryoungercounterpartsdonothavetheworkethictheydo.T

hesurvey,whichwasconductedbyMerrittHawkinses,aTexas-based

physiciansearchandconsultingfirm,suggeststhatmanyolder

physiciansaresimplyunhappywiththechangesthathavetaken

placeinmedicineovertheyears.,lWhenBabyBoomdoctorsentered

medicinetheyhadcontroloverhowtheypracticedandthefeethey

charged.Buttheruleschangedontheminmid-streamandnow

manyarelookingforaticketout,"MarkSmith,executivevicep

residentofMerrittssociates,saidinastatement."Ourstudyistheo

nlyoneIamawareofthatexaminesthecareerplansofphysicians

inthe50-to-65agegroup."Thisagegrouprepresentsmorethan

one-thirdofallphysiciansintheU.S.Iftheystopworkinginthe

comingyears,itwiIIhavea"significantimpacfontheoverallsupp

lyofphysicians,SmithtoldReutersHeaIth.

Theresultsofthesurvey,whichiincluded1,170respondents（调

查对象），showthat24percentofolderphysiciansareplanningto

leaveclinicalpracticealltogetherinthenext1to3years.Specifi

cally,14percentsaidtheywereplanningonretiring,7percent

saidtheywerelookingforamedicaIjobinanon-patientcarese

tting,and3percentsaidtheywereseekingajobinanon-medicalfie

Id.ForthosephysiciansnotIeavingclinicalpractice,manysaidthey

wouldmakechangestoreducethenumberofpatientstheytreat.

Forinstance,12percentsaidtheywouldbeginworkingpart-time,8

percentsaidtheyplannedtostoptakingnewpatientsormarkedlyre

ducetheirpatientIoad,and4percentexpressedadesiretoworkon

atemporarybasis.Whenaskedabouttheworkethicofphysicians

enteringpracticetoday,68percentoftherespondentssaidthatthe

seyoungerdoctorsarenotasdedicatedorashardworkingas

physicianswhoenteredpractice20to30yearsago.Fifty-seven

percentofolderphysicianssaidtheywouldnotrecommendmedici

neasacareertotheirownchildren.Similarly,44percentsaidthey

wouldnotselectmedicineasacareeriftheywerestarlingouttoday.

"Themostominous（不祥的）findingisthataboutonehalfofphy

sicianssurveyedplantoeitherabandonpatientcareinthenext1to

3years,orsignificantlyreducethenumberofpatientstheysee,"

Smithsaid."TheU.S.alreadyisfacingawidespreadshortageof

physicians.Shouldolder,lworkhorse'physicianschoosetooptoutof

patientcare,accesstomedicalserviceswillbefurtherrestricted."

31WhichisNOTtrueofphysiciansinthe50-to-65agegroupinthe

u.s.?

A