高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式知识点

高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法精讲不定式1．作主语不定式作主语常见的是it作形式主语，放在句首，将真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子后面。It’seasytobewiseaftertheevent.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.2．作宾语Ifinditinterestingtostudyhistory.1.直接作宾语句型：动词（vt）+todo解读：直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。这时句子有以下两个特点：第一：句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。第二：这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度；不定式动作则说明行为。经典例句：1)Nobodywantstobelaughedat.2)Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.经典例题：1.Idon'twant____likeI'mspeakingiiiofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.(2005天津卷)A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京卷)A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop3.Asayoungman,Ihate______________inpublic.A.laughedatB.tobelaughedatC.tolaughatD.laughingat2.句型：某些及物动词+连词+todo解读：在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what,who,which）或连接副词（how,when,where）及连词whether后面接一个带to的动词不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：ask,decide,explain,forget,findout,guess,imagine,know,wonder.经典例句：1)Iwonderwhotoinvite.2)Showuswhattodo.3)Idon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.考点解读：①不定式的语态：必须用主动形式，此时易误选为被动形式。②当连接词为代词时，不定式为及物动词，且其后不加宾语。经典例题：1.There’ssomuchdeliciousfood!Ican’tdecided________.A.whattoeatB.whentoeatC.howtoeatD.wheretoeat2.Canyoutellme________ontheInternet?A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.wherecanIsearchD.whencanIsearch3.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2009四川卷)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had3．不定式作宾语后置：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，构成句型“动词+it+宾补（名词或形容词）+宾语todo”。经典例句：Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我觉得很难一下子回答这个问题。Hefeelsitchallengingtobeamarketingsupervisor.经典例题：1.Usingmanysymbolsmakes______toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.A.possibleB.itispossibleC.itpossibleD.thatpossible2.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005全国卷1)A.thatB.itC.thisD.him3.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade______herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.(2006湖南卷)A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it4.I’dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006山东卷)A.thatB.itC.thisD.you5.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010辽宁卷33)A.soB.muchC.thatD.it6.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfind______difficulttotellonefromtheother.（2011山东卷）A.itB.themC.herD.that7.Newtechnologieshavemade____possibletoturnoutnewproductsfasterandatalowercost.【2012四川】A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it3．作宾语补足语Heaskedmetoworkwithhim.4．作定语作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place，way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Haveyouanythingtosend？(不定式tosend的动作执行者是“你”)Haveyouanythingtobesent？(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)5．作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件Hehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(结果)句型1：形容词+todo（语言山表述为：形容词后面的动词不定式）解读1：该形容词为表示动作特点的形容词时，一般做两种成分：表语和宾补★当该形容词作表语时，句子主语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。★当该形容词作宾补时，句子宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。经典例句：1)Sheisverynicetotalkto.2)Maryiseasytogetonwith.3)IfindEnglishdifficulttospeak.4)IfindFootballveryinterestingtowatch.★此句型三大考点①不定式动词一般不用被动形式：（最容易出错）②不定式后不能再加宾语：③不定式动词所带的介词不能省略：经典例题：1.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.（2011安徽卷）A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak2.Thismachineisveryeasy______.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.【2012辽宁】A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperated解读2：在本句型中，如果形容词是表示人的性格特征（如：brave,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,generous,kind,等）或情绪感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的词。句子主语或宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的主谓关系.经典例句：1)Hewaskindtohelpus.2)Theboywascarelesstobreakthewindow.3)Wethinktheboycarelesstobreakthewindow.经典例题：1.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon.【2012全国卷II】A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched2.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed3.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁卷)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound4.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.（2011福建卷）A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold句型2：不定式作目的状语，可构成句型：Todo/Inordertodosth,主语+谓语或主语+谓语+todo/inordertodo/soastodo.经典例句：1.Hatingpeopleislikeburningdownyourownhousetogetredofarat.]2.Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy;buttoacquirewisdom,onemustobserve.3.Wehadbetterstartearlytocatchthetrain.4.Wehadbetterstartearlysoastocatchthetrain.5.Iwenttothepostofficeinordertomailaletter.经典解读：1.soasto一般不用在句首。但todo或inordertodo可提到句首。2.目的状语放在句首时，和句子之间要有“，”间隔；当目的状语位于句末时，和句子之间不可以有“，”间隔。3.不定式的语态：看与句子主语的关系：主动——todo；被动——tobedone。经典例题：1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthereforaspaceflight.(2007江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained2.thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.(2007上海春)A.ToensureB.EnsuringC.Havingensured.D.Tohaveensured3.,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(2009辽宁卷)A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner句型3作结果状语，可构成句型：主+谓（，）onlytodo。指意想不到或不愉快的结果，结果状语必须放在句末。经典例句：1)Wehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthetrainhadjustleft.2)Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚注意：分词作结果状语，一般表示意料之中的结果。如：1)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.2)Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.经典例题：1..Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas.(2005辽宁卷)A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(2006陕西卷)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told3.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.【2012山东】A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told4.Hecomeshomelateeveryevening,____________hiswifeveryangry.A.makeB.onlytomakeC.makingD.made句型4:sbseem/appear/pretend…+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone解读：本句型中关键是判断不定式的时态。Tobedoing正在做；tohavedone已经做了；todo要去做。经典例句：1)Heseemstohavefinishedhiswork.2)Whentheteachercamein,allthestudentspretendedtobestudying.3)Theoldmanappearedtobeasleep.经典例题：1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen__________,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard2.LookattheprideonTom’sface.He_______tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming3.Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.(2011上海卷)A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost句型5sthbesaid/reported/believed/thought/considered+todo/tobedoing/tohavedone解读：1)在此结构中主语必须是sth或sb，不能是形式主语it，动词后必须用不定式，不能用that从句。2)此结构中关键是判断不定式的时态和语态：语态判断与句子主语的关系；时态：Tobedoing正在做；tohavedone已经做了；todo要去做。经典例句:1)Manyofhisbooksaresaidtohavebeentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.2)ZhanghuaissaidtogotoAmericatomorrow,whichmadehisparentsveryproud.经典例题：1.—IsBobstillperforming?(2005江苏卷)—I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficialA.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft2.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported___theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.(07辽宁)A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break3.Itisreportedthat