路由器的路由配置

静态路由配置动态路由协议简介RIP和OSPF介绍课程目标学习完本课程，您应该能够：静态路由配置动态路由协议简介RIP和OSPF介绍目录静态路由由网络管理员在路由器上手工添加路由信息来实现路由动态路由根据网络结构或流量的变化，路由协议会自动调整路由信息来实现路由静态路由和动态路由静态路由配置注意：只有下一跳所属的的接口是点对点（PPP、HDLC）的接口时，才可以填写<interface-name>，否则必须填写<nexthop-address>。[H3C]iproute-staticip-address{mask|masklen}{interface-typeinterface-name|nexthop-address}[preferencevalue][reject|blackhole]静态路由的配置命令:例如：

iproute-static129.1.0.01610.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.0255.255.0.010.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.016Serial0/0静态路由配置示例在路由器H3CA上配置：

iproute-static129.1.0.0255.255.0.010.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.01610.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.016s0/0129.1.0.0/16E0/0H3CBS0/010.0.0.2H3CA10.0.0.1S0/0缺省路由配置示例在路由器H3CA上配置：iproute-static0.0.0.00.0.0.010.0.0.2Internet上大约99.99%的路由器上都存在一条缺省路由!缺省路由并不一定都是手工配置的静态路由，有时也可以由动态路由协议产生。H3CA10.0.0.1S0/010.0.0.2S0/0H3CBNetworkNPublic

Network路由自环在路由器H3CA上配置：iproute-static20.0.0.0810.0.0.2“路由自环”对网络的危害极大，应尽量避免。在路由器H3CB上配置：iproute-static20.0.0.0810.0.0.1H3CA10.0.0.1S0/010.0.0.2S0/0H3CBNetworkNPublic

Network静态路由配置动态路由协议简介RIP和OSPF介绍目录动态路由协议BNetworkN1NetworkN2ACD

距离矢量路由协议原理S1/1S0/0S0/0整个路由表路由器B路由器A路由器BS1/1整个路由表路由器A链路状态路由协议算法LSDBLSA的RTALSA的RTBLSA的RTCLSA的RTD（二）每台路由器的链路状态数据库(一）网络的拓扑结构CABD123CABD123CABD123CABD123（四）每台路由器分别以自己为根节点计算最小生成树（三）由链路状态数据库得到的带权有向图CABD1235RTCRTD3215RTBRTA距离矢量协议拓扑变化拓扑变化引起路由表的更新更新路由表向路由器A传送更新的路由表更新路由表AB自治系统由同一机构管理，使用同一组选路策略的路由器的集合自治系统AS外部路由协议EGP100BGP内部路由协议IGPRIP，IGRP，OSPF自治系统AS200直连路由S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/102.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C路由表更新过程（一）S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/102.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/11路由表更新过程（二）S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/102.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02路由环路S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down距离矢量环路现象S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S0/02.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/113S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/14S0/022方法一：定义最大路由权值S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S0/02.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/1116S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/116S0/0216方法二：水平分割S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down方法三：毒性逆转S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.02.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02无限大S0/0方法四：抑制时间抑制时间后更新抑制时间后更新S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down方法五：触发更新S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.0不可达3.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down1.0.0.0不可达1.0.0.0不可达静态路由配置动态路由协议简介RIP和OSPF介绍目录RIP协议概述（一）RIP最多支持以跳数为衡量标准，最多15跳。RIP协议适用于中小型网络，有RIP-1和RIP-2。

主机B2M56K2M2M主机ARIP协议概述(二)TCPUDPIPPPPEtherRIPRIP协议配置命令启动RIP协议，进入RIP协议配置视图[H3C]rip在指定的网络上使能RIP[H3C-rip-1]network{network-number}RIP协议配置命令(续)配置报文的定点传送（不支持广播时）[H3C-rip-1]peerip-address指定接口版本（接口视图下）ripversion1ripversion2[broadcast|multicast]指定接口的工作状态（接口视图下）ripinputripoutput配置RIP-2路由聚合summaryRIP配置举例E1/0:11.1.1.1/24S0/0:1.1.1.1/24S0/0:1.1.1.2/24S0/1:2.1.1.2/24S0/0:2.1.1.1/24E1/0:13.1.1.1/24E1/0:12.1.1.1/24PPPFRRTARTCRTBRIP配置举例---配置命令（一）RTA:[RTA]rip[RTA-rip-1]network1.1.1.0[RTA-rip-1]network11.1.1.0[RTA-Ethernet1/0]ipaddress11.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTA-Ethernet1/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTA-Serial0/0]link-protocolppp[RTA-Serial0/0]ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTA-Serial0/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTA-Serial0/0]ripauthentication-modemd5

rfc2453

H3CRIP配置举例---配置命令（二）RTB:[RTB]rip[RTB-rip-1]network1.1.1.0[RTB-rip-1]network11.1.1.0[RTB-rip-1]network2.1.1.0[RTB-rip-1]peer2.1.1.1[RTB-Ethernet1/0]ipaddress12.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTB-Ethernet1/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTB-Serial0/0]link-protocolppp[RTB-Serial0/0]ipaddress1.1.1.2255.255.255.0[RTB-Serial0/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTB-Serial0/0]ripauthentication-modemd5

rfc2453

H3C

[RTB-Serial0/1]link-protocolfr[RTB-Serial0/1]ipaddress2.1.1.2255.255.255.0[RTB-Serial0/1]ripversion2broadcastRIP配置举例---配置命令（三）RTC:[RTC]rip[RTC-rip-1]network13.1.1.0[RTC-rip-1]network2.1.1.0[RTC-rip-1]peer2.1.1.2[RTC-Ethernet1/0]ipaddress13.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTC-Ethernet1/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTC-Serial0/0]link-protocolfr[RTC-Serial0/0]frinterface-typeDCE[RTC-Serial0/0]frdlci20[RTC-Serial0/0]ipaddress2.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTC-Serial0/0]ripversion2broadcast显示RIP配置信息[H3C]displayripPublicVPN-instancename:RIPprocess:1RIPversion:1Preference:100Checkzero:EnabledDefault-cost:1Summary:EnabledHostroutes:EnabledMaximumnumberofbalancedpaths:8Updatetime:30sec(s)Timeouttime:180sec(s)Suppresstime:120sec(s)Garbage-collecttime:120sec(s)updateoutputdelay:20(ms)outputcount:3TRIPretransmittime:5sec(s)TRIPresponsepacketsretransmitcount:36Silentinterfaces:NoneDefaultroutes:DisabledVerify-source:EnabledNetworks:11.0.0.0Configuredpeers:NoneTriggeredupdatessent:0Numberofrouteschanges:0Numberofrepliestoqueries:0第一步：打开终端显示调试信息功能<H3C>terminalmonitor<H3C>terminaldebugging第二步：打开RIP的调试开关<H3C>debuggingripprocess-idpacket实际显示的RIP信息RIP:receiveResponsefrom120.0.0.2packet:vers1,cmdResponse,length24dest110.0.0.0,Cost1RIP:send20.0.0.1to255.255.255.255packet:vers1,cmdResponse,length44dest110.0.0.0,Cost2dest120.0.0.0,Cost1RIP的debug信息OSPF协议概述可适应大规模网络路由变化收敛速度快无路由自环支持变长子网掩码VLSM支持等值路由支持区域划分提供路由分级管理支持验证支持以组播地址发送协议报文OSPF协议的一些基本概念RouterID一个32bit的无符号整数，是一台路由器的唯一标识，在整个自治系统内唯一。协议号OSPF的协议号是89。IPHeader（Protocol#89）OSPFPacketOSPF的五种协议报文HELLO报文

用来发现及维持邻居关系，选举DR、BDR。DD报文

用来描述本地LSDB的情况。LSR报文向对端请求本端没有的或者对端更新的LSA。LSU报文向对端路由器发送所需的LSA。LSAck报文收到LSU之后，进行确认。OSPF划分区域区域2区域0区域1OSPF协议的基本配置配置路由器的RouterID[H3C]routeridrouter-id

启动OSPF协议[H3C]ospf[process-id]配置OSPF区域[H3C-ospf-1]areaarea-id在指定网段使能ospf[H3C-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]networkip-add