2021专升本阅读理解练习及答案详解

2021专升本阅读理解练习及答案详解ReadingComprehension(January,2021)Passage1Packagingisanimportantformofadvertising.Apackagecansometimesmotivatesomeonetobuyaproduct.Forexample,asmallchildmayaskforabreakfastfoodthatcomesinaboxwithapictureofaTVcharacter.Thechildismoreinterestedinthepicturethaninbreakfastfood.Picturesforchildrentocolorortocutout,gamesprintedonapackageorsmallgiftsinsideaboxalsomotivatemanychildrentobuyproducts,ortoasktheirparentstobuyforthem.Somepackagessuggestthatabuyerwillgetsomethingfornothing.Foodproductssoldinreusablecontainerareexamplesofthis.Althoughasimilarproductinaplaincontainermaycostless,peopleoftenprefertobuytheproductinareusableglassordish,becausetheybelievethecontainerisfree.However,thecostofthecontainerisaddedtothecostoftheproduct.Thesizeofthepackagealsomotivatesabuyer.Maybethepackagehas“EconomySize”or“FamilySize”paintedonit.Thissuggeststhatthelargesizehasthemostproductsfortheleastmoney.Butthatisnotalwaystrue.Tofindout,abuyerhastoknowhowtheproductissoldandthepriceofthebasicunit.Theinformationonthepackageshouldprovidesomeanswers.Buttheimportantthingforanybuyertorememberisthatapackageisoftenanadvertisement.Thewordsandpicturesdonottellthewholestory.Onlytheproductinsidecandothat.1.Asusedinthepassage,theword“motivate”mostprobablymeans______.A)makingonedeepinthoughtB)supplyingathoughtorfeelingthatmakesoneactC)providingastorythatmakesonemoveD)makingonebelievewhathedoesisjustright2.Abuyerwillgetsomethingfornothingmostprobablymeansthat______.A)abuyerwillgetsomethingusefulfreeofchargeB)abuyerwillgetwhathepaysforC)abuyerwillgainmorethanhelosesD)abuyerwillnotgetwhathewants3.Peoplearelikelytobuytheproductsoldinaglassordishbecause______.A)theybelievethecostofthecontainerisincludedinthecostoftheproductB)thecontaineristooattractiveC)theythinktheycangetthecontainerforfreeD)theyhavenootherchoice4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?______.A)PackageisoftenasuccessfuladvertisementB)ChildrenareoftenencouragedtobuyaproductbyitspackagewithattractivepicturesC)AbuyerisalsoattractedbythesizeofthecontainerD)Onseeingawell-designedcontainer,abuyeroftenneglectswhatisinit5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinthepassage?______.A)ThequalityofthecontainerhasnothingtodowiththequalityoftheproductB)Don’tbuytheproductwhichissoldinaglassordishC)AbuyershouldgetwhatheneedsmostD)ThebestchoiceforabuyeristogetaproductinaplainpackagePassage2Chinaispushingforwardanationwidetrialonfortified(强化的)food,inabidtoimprovethehealthofitscitizens.About30,000peoplefromthecountry’swesternregionhaveusedfortifiedflourfortwoyears.Theirdietshadbeenimproved.Thisexperiencewillbepromotedthroughoutthecountryandfortifiedoilandricehavealsobeenintroducedacrossthecountry.Fortifiedfoodreferstofoodwithnutrients(营养)added,suchasvitamins,calciumandiron.Thenutritionprogramisexpectedtobeincludedinthekeyprojectsforthecountry’s11thFive-YearPlan(2021-2021).Aseriesofrulesandregulations,suchasnutritionrulesandproductionstandardsforfortifiedflour,willcomeintoeffect.Theintakeofsomenutrients,suchasfat,proteinandcaloriesisoftenexcessive,butsomeothernutrients,suchasvitamins,arelackinginsomediets,accordingtosomeexperts.Atthemomenttherearethreewaystoimprovepublicnutrition----abalanceddiet,foodfortificationandnutritionalsupplements(补充).However,duetoChina’smassivepopulationanditsunbalancedeconomicdevelopment,foodfortificationisthoughttobethebestwayofimprovingpublicnutritioninashortperiodoftime.Chinastartedfortifyingfoodin2002,whiledevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStateshavemorethan50yearsofsuchexperience.“Fortifiedfoodsdonotsellwell,asthepublicstillknowslittleaboutit.”Someexpertspointedout.1.WhatisthepurposeforChinatopushforwardtheplanonfortifiedfood?.A)ToimprovethehealthofitscitizensB)ToadviseitscitizenstousefortifiedflourC)Tointroducefortifiedoilandrice1D)Tointroduce3waystoimprovepublicnutrition2.Whatareaddedtofortifiedfood?______.A)VitaminsB)CalciumandironC)Fat,proteinandcaloriesD)BothAandB3.Whereisthenutritionprogramexpectedtobeincluded?______.A)InaseriesofrulesandregulationsB)InnutritionrulesC)Inthekeyprojectsforthecountry’s11thFive-YearPlanD)Inproductionstandards4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?______.A)SomenutrientsarelackinginsomedietsB)ChinastartedfortifyingfoodnearlyaroundyearsearlierthanU.S.C)FoodfortificationisthoughttobethebestwayofimprovingpublicnutritionnowD)Thereare3waystoimprovepublicnutritionatthemoment5.Whydon’tthefortifiedfoodssellwell?______.A)BecausethepublicknowlittleaboutthemB)BecausethepricesarehigherC)Becausefortifiedfoodsdon’ttastegoodD)Becausefat,proteinandcaloriesinfortifiedfoodsareoftenexcessivePassage3Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistsmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandthe“needle”thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.Nowit’struethathumanbodyhasdevelopedmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves----andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves----wewouldn’tknowwhat’shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianFakirwhositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardsit.Ifthedentistsays,“This2willhurtalittle”,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.1.Thepurposeofthispassageismainlytotellus______.A)thatpainisgoodforusB)tostoptakingthe“needle”atthedentist’sC)howtohandlepainD)howtoavoidtorture2.Thesenseofpaincan______.A)letusknowwhat’sgoingoninanypartofourbodyB)makeusopentotortureC)makeuspayforoursensitivityD)helpusgetmoresensations3.Thebestwaytoeasepainisto______.A)dowhattheIndianFakirsdoB)welcomeitC)knowaboutitinadvanceD)treatitasaninterestingsensation4.Inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraphtheword“withstanding”probablymeans______.A)acceptingB)avoidingC)handlingD)curing5.“Wepayforoursensitivity”(paragraph2)means______.A)itwasfortunateforhumanstohavedevelopedthissensitivityB)wesufferbecauseofthissensitivityC)weknowverywellhowtocopewithsensationsofpainD)wehavetopaythedentistforhistreatmentofourteethPassage4Governmentsatalllevelsfaceatoughtaskinbettermanagingandservingmigrantpopulations.ThemunicipalgovernmentofShanghaicarriedoutaresidencecertificatesystemin2002,grantingmigrantlaborerssometreatmentsenjoyedbytheirurbancounterparts.InShenzhen,theresidencecertificatehasincludedhealthcare,educationandmanyothercontents.ThegovernmentofBeijingisalsoworkingonalocalregulationaboutmigrantpopulationmanagementthathasarousedmuchattention.Itisnotonlyaspecificissueofmigrantpopulationmanagementandservicebutalsoanissueconcerningsocialwelfare,publicproducts,managementmechanismsandhumanrights.Formorethanhalfacentury,permanentresidenceregistrationhasbeenthesolecriterion（标准）foronetoenjoyurbanpublicproductssuchashealthcare,education,employmentandsocialsecurity.Migrantworkers,thoughcontributingtothelocaleconomy,can’tenjoysuchproductsequally.Sometimestheyareevenguardedordiscriminated（歧视）against.Migrantpopulationscannothaveasenseofbelongingtothecitytheylivein,whichisnogoodforsocialorderandstabilityandwillbringnegativeimpactstothemanagement.Scientific,rational（合理的）andjustsocialpoliciesandlawswillbuildoursocietyinapositiveway.Migrantlaborers,especiallythosewhohaverealizedstableemploymentinthecity,shouldbegrantedtreatmentequaltotheirurbancounterparts.1.Howlonghasthepermanentresidenceregistrationbeenthesolecriterion?______.A)Formorethan20yearsB)Formorethan40yearsC)Formorethan50yearsD)Formorethan100years2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?______.A)Itisin2002thatthemunicipalgovernmentofShanghaicarriedoutaresidencecertificatesystemB)ItisinShenzhenthattheresidencecertificatehasincludedhealthcare,educationandmanyothercontentsC)ItisthecompulsoryeducationofmigrantchildrenthatallmunicipalgovernmentsshouldpayattentiontoD)ItisinBeijingthatthegovernmentisworkingonalocalregulationaboutmigrantpopulationmanagement3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A)MigrantpopulationswanttosettleincitiesB)MigrantworkersplayanimportantroleinlocaleconomyC)Migrantworkersarealltrouble-makersD)Migrantworkerswillmoveoutofcitiessoonerorlater4.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?______.A)Toarguefortheimportanceofequalrightsforallcitizens.B)Toexplaintheimportanceofmigrantworkers.C)Toshowtheimportanceofsocialstability.D)Toindicatetheimportanceofmunicipalgovernmentsofallcities.5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.A)EqualrightsformigrantsB)SocialorderandstabilityC)MigrantpopulationmanagementD)MigrantpopulationservicePassage5Althoughonemightnotthinksofromsomeofthecriticismofit,advertisingisessentialtothekindofsocietyinwhichpeopleintheUnitedKingdom,andaveryconsiderableproportionoftheworldatlarge,live.Advertisingisindispensableasameansofcommunicatingwithothers,oftellingthemaboutthegoodsandservicesthatareprovided,andofwhichmostofthemwouldnevergettohearatallifitwerenotforadvertising.Andadvertisingisextremelyhelpfultopromotearisingstandardofliving.Intalkingaboutadvertising,oneshouldnotthinkonlyintermsofacommercialontelevision,oranadvertisementinthenewspapersorperiodicals.Initswidestsense,advertisingincludesahostofotheractivitiessuchaspackaging,shopdisplaysand----inthesenseofcommunication----eventhespokenwordofthesalesman.Afterall,theresourcesofadvertisingaretobefoundinthemarketplace.Formanyyearsitwasconsideredthatitwasenoughtoproducegoodsandsupplyservices.Itisonlymorerecentlythatithasbecomeincreasinglyunderstoodthatthemanufactureofgoodsisawasteofresourcesunlessthosegoodscanbesoldatafairpricewithinareasonabletimespan.Inthecompetitivesocietyinwhichwelive,itisimportantthatwegooutandsellwhatwehave,andadvertisingplaysanimportantroleinthisaspect,whethersellingathomeorinexportmarkets.AbouttwopercentoftheUKgrossnationalproductisreliedonadvertising.Butitmustnotbethoughtthatthisadvertisingtriestosellgoodstoconsumerswhodonotwantthem.Certainly,advertisingdoestrytoattracttheinterestofthepotentialconsumer,butifthearticlewhenpurchaseddoesnotmatchuptothestandardsthattheadvertisingsuggeststhatitwill,itisobviouslyexceedinglyunlikelythatthearticlewillsellwell.1.Accordingtothetext,advertisingisimportantto______.A)everypotentialconsumerintheworldB)largecountriesintheworldC)peoplewithahighstandardoflivingD)alargenumberofpeopleintheworld2.Advertisinghasitsoriginsin______.A)shopwindowdisplaysandthewrappingofgoodsB)facetofacecontactbetweensellersandbuyersC)thecommunicativeabilitiesofatrainedsalespersonD)articlesinnewspapersandmagazines3.Peoplehaverealizedthatresourcesarewastedifgoods______.A)arenotoflastingvalueB)arenotsoldatahighpriceC)remainunsoldforalongtimeD)remainedunsoldinexportmarkets34.Thetextmakesapointthatgoodswillsellwellif______.A)advertisementsshowthetruevalueofthemB)enoughmoneyisspentonadvertisingC)advertisementsarewelldesignedD)theyareofhighquality5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe______.A)BenefitsofAdvertisingB)ABriefHistoryofAdvertisingintheUKC)LimitationsofAdvertisingD)ProductionandAdvertisingPassage6Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespoken,notwritten.IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRome,testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.IntheEuropeanuniversitiesoftheMiddleAges,studentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor’sdegree.Generally,however,modernexaminationsarewritten.Twotypesoftestsarecommonlyusedinmodernschools.Thefirsttypeissometimescalledan“objective”test.Itisintendedtodealwithfacts,notpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestiontheteacherwritesthecorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikeanswerstostudentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperly.Thestudenthasjustonetask:hemustrecognizethecorrectanswerandcopyitsletter(ornumber)onhisexaminationpaper.Fortestingastudent’smemoryoffactsanddetails,theobjectivetesthasadvantages.Itcanbescoredveryquicklybytheteacherorevenbyamachine.Inashorttimetheteachercanfindoutagreatdealaboutthestudent’srangeofknowledge.Fortestingsomekindsoflearning,however,suchatestisnotverysatisfactory.Aluckystudentmayguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerial.1.Thispassageismainlyabout______.A)examinationsinancienttimesB)modernexaminationsC)howtodowellinanexamination4D)howtosetquestionsforanexamination2.Togetadoctor’sdegree,onehasto______.A)saypoetryaloudB)givespeechesC)discussquestionsinhisfieldwithexpertsD)bothAandB3.Theobjectivetestisnotverysatisfactorybecause______.A)itiseasyandquicktoscoreB)theteachercanfindoutagreatdealaboutthestudent’srangeofknowledgeinashorttimeC)itshowshowdeeplythestudenthasthoughtaboutthesubjectD)itcontainselementofluck4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheobjectivetestisNOTtrue?______.A)Studentswhohavenotlearnedthematerialproperlymayfailtorecognizethecorrectanswer.B)Eachquestionhasmorethanonecorrectanswer.C)Aluckystudentmayguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerial.D)Theobjectivetesthasadvantagesfortestingastudent’smemoryoffactsanddetails.5.Thenextparagraphwillprobablydealwith______.A)theothertypeofexaminationB)theadvantagesoftheobjectivetestC)howstudentsguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerialD)examinationsintheancienttimesPassage7InBritainarrangementsforinvitingandentertainingguestsataweddingareusuallytheresponsibilityofthebride’sfamily.Inmostcasesitismainlyfriendsandrelationsofbothfamilieswhoareinvitedbutwhenthebride’sfatherisabusinessmanofsomekind,theweddingreceptionmayprovideausefuloccasionforestablishingsocialconnectionswithclientsor,customersandotherpeoplewhosegoodwillmaybeofadvantagetohim.Itis,however,thebride’smotherwhohasthejobofsendingouttheformalprintedinvitationcards.Inthecaseofachurchwedding,thevicar(priest)ofeachparish(教区)inwhichtheceremonybrideandbridegroomliveisnormallyinformedaboutamonthinadvanceoftheceremonysothatanannouncementofthecomingweddingcanbemadeinchurchoneachofthreeSundaysbeforeittakesplace.Anyonewhomayknowofanexistingmarriageofeitherpartnerisorderedtogiveinformationaboutit,thoughthismeansofavoidingbigamy(重婚罪)musthavebeenmoreeffectiveinthedayswhenpeoplemovedabouttheworldlessthantheydotoday.Oftenuptoahundredormorepeopleattendthereligiousserviceandthebrideusuallywearsthetraditionallongwhitedressandveil,whileherbride-maids,whoareoftenchildren,wearlongdressinattractivecolors.Thismayalsohappeninthecaseofacivilweddinginaregisterofficebutisprobablylessusual.Thereceptionwhichfollowsmaybeheldinarestaurant,alocalhallor,whentherearefewguests,inthebride’sownhome.Refreshments(茶点)areprovided,aspecialicedwedding-cakeiscut(usuallytotheaccompanimentofspeeches)anddistributedtotheguests,toastsaredrunkanddancingmayfollow.Atsomepointinthecelebrations,thebridegoestochangeintoeverydayclothesandthenleavesthepartywithherhusbandtogoontheirhoneymoon,thejourneytheywillmaketogether,ofteninromanticsurroundingsabroad.1.Accordingtothepassagesomeguestsmaybeinvitedbecause______.A)theyarelikelytobeannoyediftheyarenotB)theymaygivevaluablepresentsC)theirpresencecouldprovidefuturebenefitsD)theymayhelpwiththeexpensesofthewedding2.Whatpossibledifferenceissuggestedbetweenachurchandacivilwedding?______.A)CivilweddingsarelesscommonlyfollowedbyareceptionB)ItislessusualforgueststoattendthecivilweddingceremoniesC)GuestsatcivilweddingsarelessformallydressedD)Lessattentioncouldbepaidatthelattertoconventionandcharmingeffect3.Whyarethearrangementsforachurchweddingusuallymadesometimebefore?______.A)ToallowthenecessarylengthoftimeforpublishingtheweddingB)ToprovidetimefororganizingthereceptionC)TomakesurethattheguestscanarrangetobefreeonthedayD)Toensureathoroughinvestigationofthecouple’sexistingmaritalstatus4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedintheweddingreception?______.A)SpeechesmaybegivenintheweddingreceptionB)Theweddingreceptionmaybeheldinthebride’shomeC)GuestsareaskedtodressformallytoattendtheweddingreceptionD)Guestsmaydanceintheweddingreception5.Thecoupleleavefortheirhoneymoon______.A)afterthechurchorregisterofficeceremonyB)immediatelyafterthecakehasbeencutandthespeechesmadeC)attheendofthereceptionD)asso