外贸基础知识讲座常用术语ABC编辑

外贸基础知识讲座常用术语ABC编辑第1页/共35页术语类型(一)

贸易政策及类型术语

Freetradepolicy自由贸易政策Protectivetradepolicy贸易保护政策Wallstreet虚拟经济

Processingtrade加工贸易Transittrade转口贸易Bartertrade易货贸易General

trade一般贸易Bilateraltrade双边贸易

Favorablebalanceoftrade贸易顺差ISF=ImporterSecurityFiling进口商安全申报（2013年7月9日起

美国海关将会对没有发ISF信息或者是晚发ISF信息的货物除以罚金

USD5000。ISF

信息必须在离港前48-72小时发送）(二)贸易洽谈及合同术语Inquiry

询盘

Offer报价Pre-shipmentsample（PSS）船前样品Paymentinadvance

预付款L/G=letterofguarantee银行保函Salescontract销售合同P/I=proformainvoice形式发票查看更多…查看更多…样张样张第2页/共35页(三)

国际运输及报关术语Shippingadvice装船通知Mate’sreceipt大副收据B/L=billoflading海运提单

AWB=airwaybill航空运单Anti-datedB/L倒签提单AdvancedB/L预借提单CY=containeryard集装箱堆场CFS=containerfreightstation集装箱中转站Exportmanifest出口舱单Importmanifest进口舱单NVOCC=non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier无船承运人Customclearanceofgoods

货物清关Declareofgoods报关Demurrage

滞期Forwardingagent’sreceipt货代收据(四）银行结算术语T/T=telegraphictransfer=wiretransfer电汇Toaccept承兑Drawer出票人O/A=openaccount往来账户(出口的放账贸易)Outwarddocumentarybill出口票据押汇DF=foreignexchangeforwardcontract=国内远期结售汇（远期外汇契约）IrrevocableL/C不可撤销信用证Negotiation议付查看更多…样张样张查看更多…样张样张样张第3页/共35页（五）单证术语CommercialInvoice商业发票CertificateOfOrigin原产地证PackingList装箱单

GSPFormA普惠制FORMA证书CertificateOfWeight重量证书CertificateOfQuality品质证书CollectionDraft银行托收汇票VeterinaryInspectionCertificate兽医检验证书DiscrepancyAndClaimClause不符点索赔条款（六）保险和索赔术语ForceMajeure

不可抗力

Insurance

Policy

保险单ExportCreditInsurance出口信用保险（国家为了推动本国的出口贸易，保障出口企业的收汇安全而制定的一项由国家财政提供保险准备金的非赢利性的政策性保险业务。）（七）税收术语CustomsDuty=tariff关税

StampDuty印花税

DutyFree免税

Vat=valueAddedTax增值税GeneralTariff普通关税PreferentialTariff优惠关税H.S.Code=harmonizedSystemCode=Tariffno.进出口商品税则号查看更多…查看更多…样张样张样张样张第4页/共35页Wallstreet=虚拟经济Mainstreet=实体经济ForeignTrade=对外贸易Worldtrade=世界贸易Transittrade=转口贸易Intermediatetrade=国际贸易Directtrade=直接贸易Indirecttrade=间接贸易Processingtrade=加工贸易Unilateraltrade=单向贸易Bilateraltrade=双边贸易TriangularTrade=三边贸易Multilateraltrade=多边贸易Bartertrade=易货贸易Visibletrade=有形贸易Invisibletrade=无形贸易Compensationtrade=补偿贸易Tradebycash=现汇贸易Tradeonaccount=记账贸易Termsoftrade=贸易条款Favorablebalanceoftrade=顺差Unfavorablebalanceoftrade=逆差Netimport=净进口Netexport=净出口Re-import=复进口Re-export=复出口Freetradepolicy=自由贸易政策Liberalizationoftrade贸易自由化Protectivetradepolicy=贸易保护政策Statemonopolyonforeigntrade国家贸易垄断Tradebarriers=贸易壁垒Tariffbarriers=关税壁垒Non-tariffbarriers=非关税壁垒Importquota=进口配额Customsquota=关税配额Voluntaryrestrictionofexport=主动出口配额Technicalbarriers=技术壁垒Exchangecontrol=外汇管制Advanceddeposit=保证金Importlicense=进口许可证Governmentprocurement=政府采购Exportsubsidies=出口补贴Exportcredit=出口信贷Seller’scredit=卖方信贷Buyer’scredit=买方信贷Exportcreditguaranteebystate=国家担保出口信贷Dumpling=倾销Exchangedumpling=外汇倾销Exportcontrol=出口管制Freeport=免税港Freetradezone=自由贸易区Bondedarea=保税区Exportprocessingzone=出口加工区Consignment=寄售Exclusivesales=包销Generalagency=总代理Sole/Exclusiveagency=独家代理Agency=代理Invitationtotender=招标Submissionoftender=投标Technolocytansfer=技术转让Knowhow=专有技术Co-production=合作生产Commonlicense=普通许可Solelicense=Exclusivelicense=独家许可Crosslicense=相互许可SDR=specialdrawingright=IMF的特别提款权IMF=InternatioalMonetaryFund=国际货币基金组织CISG=UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods=联合国国际货物销售合同(1988年1月1日起生效）INCOTERMS=INternationalCOmmercialTERMS=全称InternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms=国际商会《国际贸易术语解释通则》ICC=InternationalChamberofCommerce=国际商会UCP600=ICCUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits=国际商会《跟单信用证统一惯例600条款》(UCP600,2007年7月1日起生效)URC522=ICCUniformRulesforCollection=国际商会《跟单托收统一规则》第522号(URC522，1996年1月1日生效)WCO=WorldCustomsOrganization=世界关税组织DF=foreignexchangeforwardcontract=国内远期结售汇（远期外汇契约）NDF=nondeliverableforward=无本金交割远期外汇交易GATT–thegeneralagreementontariffsandtrade=关税和贸易总协议CEPA-CloserEconomicPartnershipArrangement=大陆与香港协议《建立更紧密经贸关系协议》ECFA-EconomicCooperationFrameworkAgreement=大陆与台湾协议《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》MERCOSUR-MercadoComúndelSur=南方共同市场-阿根廷、巴西、巴拉圭、乌拉圭CRO–Contractresearchorganization=研发外包业务CCC-ChinaCompulsoryCertification=中国强制性认ISF=ImporterSecurityFiling（2013年7月9日起

美国海关将会对没有发ISF信息或者是晚发ISF信息的货物除以罚金

USD5000。ISF

信息必须在离港前48-72小时发送）WTO=WorldTradeOrganization=世界贸易组织Portcommissioner’soffice=港务局Turn-over=营业额Capitalstock=股本Sharecertificates=股票Preferenceshares=优先股Ordinaryshares=普通股Holdingcompany=控股公司Shareholder=股东Customshouse=海关第5页/共35页Inquiry=询盘Offer=报价Counteroffer=还盘Acceptance=接受Valid=有效期Bindingcontract=有效合同Salescontract=销售合同Purchasecontract=采购合同Confirmationofsales=销售确认书P/O=Purchaseorder=采购订单P/I=proformainvoice=形式发票Buyer=买家Seller=卖家Commodity=商品Qualityandspecification=品质和规格Quantity=数量Unitprice=单价Currency=货币Amount=总价Packingclause=包装条款Moreorlessclause=溢短装条款Pre-shipmentsample(PSS)=船前样品Co-shipmentsample=随船样品Countersample=returnsample=回样Duplicatesample=留样Shippingmark=唛头Neutralpacking=中性包装Trademark=商标Commission=佣金Discount=折扣Termofshipment=装船条款Shipment=装船Delivery=交货Portofloading=启运港Portofdischarge(unloading)=卸货港（目的港）LCL=LessContainerLoad=拼箱FCL=FullContainerLoad=整箱Partialshipment=分批装船Transshipment=转船Dateofshipment=装船日期Termoftrade=贸易条款Termofprice=价格条款FOB=freeonboardCIF=costinsurancefreight=成本保险运费CNF=C&F=CFR=costfreight=成本运费CIP=CostInsurancePaid=CIF=成本保险运费已付CPT=CostPayTo……=CNF=C&F=CFR=成本运费付到…Exwarehouse=仓库交货Termofpayment=付款条款D/P=documentsagainstpayment=付款交单D/A=documentagainstacceptance=承兑交单T/T=telegraphictransfer=电汇L/C=letterofcredit=信用证CAD=cashagainstdocument=交单付款Sight=即期第6页/共35页交易双方经过inquiry询盘offer报价counterOffer还盘等商务洽谈环节双方在报价valid有效期内acceptance接受成交条件签订销售合同SALESCONTACT销售合同第7页/共35页PROFORMAINVOICE形式发票形式发票的法律效力不同于合同，合同才是双方当事人之间权利义务的依据。严格意义上说，形式发票只能够作为当事人之间法律关系的证据之一。当然，在没有正式合同的时候，形式发票也是双方当事人权利义务关系的有效依据之一。

第8页/共35页Shippingadvice=装船通知Shippingorder=装船指令Mate’sreceipt=大副收据B/L=billoflading=海运提单（有货权）AWB=airwaybill=航空运单（无货权）MasterB/L=Masterbilloflading=船公司提单HouseB/L=Housebilloflading=货代提单MasterAWB=Masterairwaybill=航空公司运单HouseAWB=Houseairwaybill=货代运单StraightB/L=计名提单（不能转让，提单收货人B/Lconsignee直接为收货人公司）OrderB/L=指示提单（可以转让，按提单收货人B/Lconsignee的不同分为二类：1、totheorderof收货人公司=记名指示提单；2、toorder=不记名指示提单，提单须要背书endorsed）Billconsignee=提单或运单收货人Invoiceconsignee=发票抬头人Notifyparty=提单或运单通知人ConsignororShipper=发货人、货主Consignee=收货人Carrier=承运人UncleanB/L=不清洁提单SwitchB/L=交换提单StaleB/L=过期提单；失效提单Anti-datedB/L=倒签提单AdvancedB/L=预借提单Palletshipment=托盘运输Container=集装箱TEU=TwentyfootEquivalentUnit=二十英尺普通货柜DDU=DeliveryDutyUnpaid=关税未付交货DDP=DeliveryDutyPaid=关税已付交货CY=ContainerYard=集装箱堆场CFS=ContainerFreightStation=集装箱中转站Onboard=已上船ExportManifest=出口舱单Importmanifest=进口舱单NVOCC=non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier=无船承运人Orderofshipper=发货人指令Orderofconsignee=收货人指令Endorsementinblank=空白背书Endorsementinfull=记名背书Letterofindemnity=担保书Baseports=基本港Non-baseports=非基本港Transhipmentsurcharge=转船附加费Freightprepaid=运费已付Freighttocollect=运费到付Containertransport=集装箱运输Internationalmultimodaltransport=国际多式运输GCR=generalcargorate=一般货物运价SCR=specialcommodityrate=特别货物运价CCR=classcommodityrate=等级货物运价Cleanonboardfreightprepaidoceanbilloflading=清洁已装船运费已付海运提单Cargoreceipt=货物收据Parcelpostreceipt=邮包收据Forwardingagent’sreceipt=货代收据Totakedeliveryofgoods=提货、收货（Booking）Shippingspace=（订舱）、舱位CustomClearanceofgoods=清关Declareofgoods=报关Unloadingordischargeofgoods=卸货Charteredship=租船Linervessel=班轮Demurrage=滞期第9页/共35页BILLOFLADING海运提单海运提单属物权凭证根据Billconsignee提单收货人可分为：（1）StraightB/L记名提单不可转让，提单显示具体收货人名称（2）OrderB/L指示提单可转让，分为提单收货人显示为Toorder不记名指示需Shipper发货人Endorsed背书和Totheorderof…需指定收货人背书两种特别提示：客户一般不接受显示HouseB/L货代提单字样的提单（货代出具的提单≠货代提单）第10页/共35页AirWaybill空运运单空运运单不属于物权凭证MasterAWB=Masterairwaybill航空公司运单HouseAWB=Houseairwaybill货代运单第11页/共35页报关单及报关委托书第12页/共35页M/T=mailtransfer=信汇T/T=telegraphictransfer=wiretransfer=电汇D/D=demanddraft=票汇SWIFT=SocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication=环球同业银行金融电讯协会，1973年成立，总部在布鲁塞尔，是银行间的国际合作组织。Collection=托收T/R=trustrecept=信托收据O/A=openaccount=往来账户（出口的放账贸易）IrrevocableL/C=不可撤销信用证RevocableL/C=可撤销信用证SightL/C=即期信用证UsanceL/C=远期信用证ConfirmedL/C=保兑信用证TransferableL/C=可转让信用证RevolvingL/C=循环信用证StandbyL/C=备用信用证AcceptanceL/C=承兑信用证DocumantaryL/C=跟单信用证ReciprocalL/C=对开信用证DivisibleL/C=可分割信用证Todrawdrafts=出具汇票Toendorse=背书Topresent=提交Toaccept=承兑Toretireshippingdocuments=付款赎单Drawer=出票人Drawee=受票人=付款人Paytotheorderof……=汇票收款人。。。。。。Paytobearer=付款给持票人Withoutrecourse=无追索权Paymentinadvance=预付货款Cashpayment=现金付款Cleancollection=光票托收Documentarycollection=跟单托收Negotiation=议付Amendmentadvice=修改通知ApplicationforL/C=信用证申请Negotiatedamount=已议付额Toclaimreimbursement=索汇Toreimburse=偿付Issuingbank=开证银行Advisingbank=通知银行Confirmingbank=保兑银行Negotiatingbank=议付银行Payingbank=付款银行Reimbursingbank=偿付银行L/G=letterofguarantee=银行保函Duty-paidproof=关税已付凭据Interest=利息Creditinterest=贷方利息Debitinterest=借方利息Interestrate=利率Bankrate=银行利率Marketrate=市场利率Discountrate=贴现率Finerate=优惠利率Freeofinterest=浮动利率Compoundinterest=复合利息Simpleinterest=单一利息Overdraftinterest=透支利息Commissioncharges=服务费LIBOR–LondonInter-BankOfferedRate=伦敦银行同业拆放利率Inwarddocumentarybill=进口票据押汇Outwarddocumentarybill=出口票据押汇Credit=贷方Debit=借方Creditor=债权人Debtor=债务人Auditor=审计员第13页/共35页银行结汇水单SWIFT=societyforworldwideinterbankfinancialtelecommunication环球同业银行金融电讯协会1973年成立，总部位于布鲁塞尔，是银行间的国际合作组织。第14页/共35页Letterofcredit信用证IrrevocableL/C不可撤销信用证RevocableL/C可撤销信用证SightL/C即期信用证UsanceL/C远期信用证ConfirmedL/C保兑信用证TransferableL/C可转让信用证RevolvingL/C循环信用证StandbyL/C备用信用证AcceptanceL/C承兑信用证DocumantaryL/C跟单信用证ReciprocalL/C对开信用证DivisibleL/C可分割信用证Todrawdrafts出具汇票第15页/共35页Commercialinvoice=商业发票Customsinvoice=海关发票Consularinvoice=领事发票Inspectioncertificate=检验证书Certificateofquality=品质证书Certificateofweight=重量证书Certificateofquantities=数量证书VeterinaryInspectioncertificate=兽医检验证书SanitaryInspectioncertificate=卫生检验证书Plantquarantinecertificate=植物检验证书Certificateoforigin=原产地证Inspectioncertificateondamagedcargo=残损货物检验证书CertificateofAnalysis=COA=分析证书Packinglist=装箱单GSP-generalizedsystemofpreference=普遍优惠制GSPFormA=普惠制FORMA证书Discrepancyandclaimclause=不符点索赔条款Collectiondraft=银行托收汇票第16页/共35页COMMERCIALINVOICE商业发票PACKINGLIST装箱单第17页/共35页根据与不同国家及地区签署互惠协定，提供相应格式的原产地证。产地证类型:贸促会原产地证、FORMA、亚太、中-巴、中-东盟、中-秘、中-智等根据协定格式办理。CERTIFICATEOFORIGIN原产地证第18页/共35页汇票Drawer出票人

Drawee受票人（付款人）Paytotheorderof…汇票收款人…Withoutrecourse无追索权即期与远期收汇区别：远期收汇显示自提单日起具体天数第19页/共35页Lodgeaclaim=索赔Settlementofclaim=理赔Insuranceagency=保险代理Insurancebroker=保险经纪人T.P.N.T=theft,pilferage&non-delivery=偷窃提货不着险Withparticularaverage=水渍险Particularaverage=单独海损险Generalaverage=共同海损险Allrisks=一切险Warrisk=战争险InstitutecargoclauseA=伦敦保险学会条款A（一切险）InstitutecargoclauseC=伦敦保险学会条款C（平安险）Institutewarclause=伦敦保险学会条款战争险Institutestrikesclause=伦敦保险学会条款罢工险Exportcreditinsurance=出口信用保险Insurancepolicy=保险单Insurancecertificate=保险凭证Insurancepremium=保险费Forcemajeure=不可抗力S.R.C.C.=strikes,riotsandcivilcommotionrisks=暴动、罢工、民变险第20页/共35页INSURANCEPOLICY保险单ICC（A）伦敦保险学会条款A（一切险）

ICC（B）伦敦保险学会条款B(水渍险）ICC（C）伦敦保险学会条款（平安险）第21页/共35页国际贸易术语共13种《国际贸易术语解释通则》（简称Incoterms）的宗旨是为国际贸易中最普遍使用的贸易术语提供一套解释的国际规则，以避免因各国不同解释而出现的不确定性，或至少在相当程度上减少这种不确定性。(1)工厂交货(EXW)(2)货交承运人(FCA)(3)船边交货(FAS)(4)船上交货(FOB)(5)成本加运费(CFR或C&F)(6)成本、保险费加运费(CIF)(7)运费付至(CPT)(8)运费及保险费付至(CIP)(9)边境交货(DAF)(10)目的港船上交货(DES)(11)目的港码头交货(DEQ)(12)未完税交货(DDU)(13)完税后交货(DDP)第22页/共35页Tel:电话No.合同号Fax:传真P/ONo.订单号码E-Mail:邮箱Date:签订日期ThisContractismadeby卖方

(hereinaftercalledtheSellers)and买方

(hereinaftercalledtheBuyers)wherebytheSellersagreetosellandtheBuyersagreetobuytheundermentionedcommodity(ies)accordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:ZHEJIANGCHEMICALSIMPORT&EXPORTCORPORATIONSALESCONTRACT销售合同《委托函》的填制依据是《销售合同》了解销售合同各条款分布可快速理解相应委托内容第23页/共35页1.NameofCommoditySpecification&PackingQuantityUnitPriceTotalValue商品名称

规格及包装数量单价总价商品名称可能只显示型号，需与委托方确认商品类型或商品通用名称

规格为非必填项

包装可参考Packingclause包装条款进行核对Termofprice价格条款一般由国际贸易术语构成常用国际贸易术语如下（可参阅Incoterms2010理解具体含义）：FOB=freeonboard

离岸价CIF=costinsurancefreight

到岸价（成本+保险+运费）CIP=CIF=costinsurancepaid与CIF的区别仅在于适用范围，CIF只适用海上或内河运输，CIP适合多式联运因此各类运输方式通用CNF=C&F=CFR=costfreight成本加运费CPT=CNF=costpayto…运费付至指定目的地TotalAmount:总金额总价与总金额的区别在于：总金额是根据商品总价及其他费用或折扣约定计算出来最终实际支付的总金额。第24页/共35页2.ShippingMark:

运输标志（唛头）运输标志中可能出现商标及图形、制造商、制造国别等信息，需进行核对以免出现侵权、假冒商品甚至违反原产地规则行为Madein…制造国别

Manufacturer制造商3.Insurance:保险

常用险种：

Allrisks一切险Warrisks战争险

Withparticularaverage=水渍险Institutewarclause=伦敦保险学会条款战争险Institutestrikesclause=伦敦保险学会条款罢工险S.R.C.C.=strikes,riotsandcivilcommotionrisks=暴动、罢工、民变险

T.P.N.T=theft,pilferage&non-delivery=偷窃提货不着险

常用保险用语

Lodgeaclaim=索赔

Settlementofclaim=理赔

Insuranceagency=保险代理

Insurancebroker=保险经纪人第25页/共35页PortofShipment:起运地（装运港）PortofDestination:目的港TimeofShipment:装运期4.TermsofShipment:运输条款与委托函（明细单）中的装运信息核对：1）装运日期是否超出合同约定的装运期限2）是否符合合同规定的起运地及目的地3）确认是否允许分批装运或转运常用运输术语：ETD=estimatedtimeofdeparture预计开船时间

ETA=estimatedtimeofarrival预计到达时间第26页/共35页5.TermsofPayment:

支付条款常用支付方式：汇付、托收和信用证。汇付和托收为商业信用，信用证为银行信用D/P付款交单

D/A承兑交单

L/C信用证T/T

电汇CAD

交单付现6.Inspection:质检常用检验机构：SGS

通用公证行BV

法国国际检验局CIQ中国检验检疫7.ForceMajeure:不可抗力TheSellersshallnotbeheldresponsibleforlatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoodsowingtothegenerallyrecognized“ForceMajeure”causes.However,insuchcase,theSellersshallimmediatelyfaxtheBuyersdetailsabouttheaccident.IfitisrequestedbyBuyers,acertificateoftheaccidentissuedbythecompetentgovernmentauthoritiesorthechamberofcommerceshallbepresented.第27页/共35页8.Discrepany(ies)andClaims争议及索赔IncasetheSellersfailtoshipthewholelotorpartofthegoodswithinthetimestipulatedinthisContract,theBuyersshallhavetherighttocancelthewholeorpartoftheContractwhichhasnotbeenperformed30daysfollowingtheexpiryofthestipulatedtimeofshipment,unlessthereexistsa“ForceMajeure”causeortheContractstipulationhasbeenmodifiedwiththeBuyers’consent.IncasediscrepancyonthequalityofthegoodsisfoundbytheBuyersafterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,theBuyersmay,within30daysafterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,lodgewiththeSellersaclaimwhichshouldbesupportedbyInspectionCertificateissuedbyapublicsurveyorapprovedbytheSellers.TheSellersshall,onthemeritsoftheclaim,eithermakegoodthelosssustainedbytheBuyersorrejecttheirclaim,itbeingagreedthattheSellersshallnotbeheldresponsibleforanylossorlossesduetonaturalcauseorcausefallingwithintheresponsibilityofShip-ownersortheunderwriters.Regardingletterofcredit,incaseL/CdoesnotreachtheSellerswithinthetimestipulatedintheContract,oriftheL/CopenedbyBuyersdoesnotcorrespondtotheContracttermsandthattheBuyersfailtoamendthereafteritstermsintimeafterreceiptofnotificationbytheSellers,theSellersshallhavetherighttocanceltheContractortodelaythedeliveryofthegoodsandshallhavealsotherighttoclaim,forcompensationoflossesagainsttheBuyers.第28页/共35页9.Arbitration:仲裁AnydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththisContractortheexecutionthereofshallbeamicablysettledthroughnegotiation.Incasenosettlementcanbereachedbetweenthetwoparties,thecaseunderdisputeshallbesub