2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartB,andPartC.Remember,whileyoushouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhavefiveminutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbookletto

ANSWERSHEET1.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestion1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArt.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)BostonMuseumofFineArtsFounded(year)1870Openedtothepublic(year)1876Question1Movedtothecurrentlocation(year)1909Thewestwingcompleted(year)1981Question2Numberofdepartments9ThemostremarkabledepartmenttextilesQuestion3ExhibitionSpace(m2)19,137Question4Approximatenumberofvisitors/year800,000ProgramsprovidedclasseslecturesconcertsQuestion5PartBDirections:ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaninterviewwithanexpertonmarriageproblems.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)Whatshouldbetheprimarysourceofhelpforatroubledcouple?.Question6Writingdownalistofproblemsinthemarriagemayhelpatroubledcouplediscussthem.Question7Whoshouldacoupleconsiderseriouslyturningtoiftheycan’ttalkwitheachother?.Question8Priestsareusuallyunsuccessfulincounselingtroubledcouplesdespitetheir.Question9Accordingtotheoldnotion,whatwillmakeheartsgrowfonder?.Question10PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswersyouwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping,younowhave15secondstoreadquestions11-13.11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey________.[A]sleepinthreedistinctparts[B]havemanyfive-minutenaps[C]sleepinonelongblock（D）[D]takeoneortwonapsdaily12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby________.[A]itsgenes[B]itshabit[C]itsmentalstate（A）[D]itsphysicalcondition13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould________.[A]takesomerefreshment[B]gotobedearly[C]havealongrest（D）[D]giveintosleepQuestions14-16arebasedonthefollowinginterviewwithShermanAlexie,anAmericanIndianpoet.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.14.WhydidShermanAlexieonlytakedayjobs?[A]Hecouldbringunfinishedworkhome.[B]Hemighthavetimetopursuehisinterests.[C]Hemightdosomeeveningteaching.（B）[D]Hecouldinvestmoreemotioninhisfamily.15.Whatwashisoriginalgoalatcollege?[A]toteachinhighschool[B]towritehisownbooks[C]tobeamedicaldoctor（C）[D]tobeamathematician16.Whydidhetakethepoetry-writingclass?[A]Tofollowhisfather.[B]Foraneasygrade.[C]Tochangehisspecialty.（B）[D]Forknowledgeofpoetry.Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutpublicspeaking.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.17.Whatisthemostimportantthinginpublicspeaking?[A]Confidence.[B]Preparation.[C]Informativeness.（B）[D]Organization.18.Whatdoesthespeakeradviseustodotocapturetheaudience’sattention?[A]Gatherabundantdata.[B]Organizetheidealogically.[C]Developagreatopening.（C）[D]Selectappropriatematerials.19.Ifyoudon’tstartworkingforthepresentationuntilthedaybefore,youwillfeel________.[A]uneasy[B]uncertain[C]frustrated（A）[D]depressed20.Whoisthisspeechmostprobablymeantfor?[A]Thoseinterestedinthepowerofpersuasion.[B]Thosetryingtoimprovetheirpublicimages.[C]Thoseplanningtotakeupsomepublicwork.（D）[D]Thoseeagertobecomeeffectivespeakers.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbookletto

ANSWERSHEET1.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserioustohowtheycanbestsuchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsarebyothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbetoplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovideopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessfuldynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedtheofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadultvisibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshaveattentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganizedparticipantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontoelsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.,theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentbyforrolesthatarewithintheirandtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.21.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion（A）[D]advice22.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate（B）[D]enhance23.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise（C）[D]leisure24.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas（D）[D]Because25.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence（C）[D]tolerance26.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored（B）[D]surpassed27.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair（D）[D]wise28.[A]ineffect[B]asaresult[C]forexample（C）[D]inasense29.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating（A）[D]exchanging30.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus（D）[D]multiple31.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel（A）[D]corporation32.[A]consent[B]insurance[C]admission（D）[D]security33.[A]particularly[B]barely[C]definitely（B）[D]rarely34.[A]similar[B]long[C]different（D）[D]short35.[A]ifonly[B]nowthat[C]sothat（C）[D]evenif36.[A]everything[B]anything[C]nothing（D）[D]something37.[A]off[B]down[C]out（B）[D]alone38.[A]Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage[C]Onthewhole（A）[D]Ontheotherhand39.[A]making[B]standing[C]planning（C）[D]taking40.[A]capabilities[B]responsibilities[C]proficiency（A）[D]efficiencySectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET1

(40points)Text1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage--spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“open-sourceintelligence,”andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineat

.StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.41.TheemergenceoftheNethas________.[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices[C]restoredmanycommonpastimes（B）[D]revivedspyingasaprofession42.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto________.[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[B]showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar（A）[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA43.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans________.[A]causingthebiggesttrouble[B]exertingthegreatesteffort[C]achievingthegreatestsuccess（C）[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity44.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that________.[A]Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue[B]Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation[C]Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability（D）[D]Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation45.Straitfordismostproudofits________.[A]officialstatus[B]nonconformistimage[C]efficientstaff（B）[D]militarybackgroundText2Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway--inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.46.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto________.[A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions[B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch（A）[D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement47.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis________.[A]cruelbutnatural[B]inhumanandunacceptable[C]inevitablebutvicious（B）[D]pointlessandwasteful48.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s________.[A]discontentwithanimalresearch[B]ignoranceaboutmedicalscience[C]indifferencetoepidemics（B）[D]anxietyaboutanimalrights49.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould________.[A]communicatemorewiththepublic[B]employhi-techmeansinresearch[C]feelnoshamefortheircause（A）[D]strivetodevelopnewcures50.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis________.[A]awell-knownhumanist[B]amedicalpractitioner[C]anenthusiastinanimalrights（D）[D]asupporterofanimalresearchText3Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,time-consuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers.Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause________.[A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition[B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist（C）[D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat52.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?[A]Indifferent.[B]Supportive.[C]Indignant.（D）[D]Apprehensive.53.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that________.[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief（C）[D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness54.Theword“arbiters”(Line7,Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose________.[A]whoworkascoordinators[B]whofunctionasjudges[C]whosupervisetransactions（B）[D]whodeterminetheprice55.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby________.[A]thecontinuingacquisition[B]thegrowingtraffic[C]thecheeringWallStreet（A）[D]theshrinkingmarketText4ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath--andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians--frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient--toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage--say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway,”sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.56.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?[A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.[B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.[C]Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.（C）[D]Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.57.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat________.[A]medicalresourcesareoftenwasted[B]doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases[C]sometreatmentsaretooaggressive（A）[D]medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable58.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof________.[A]strongdisapproval[B]reservedconsent[C]slightcontempt（B）[D]enthusiasticsupport59.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare________.[A]moreflexibly[B]moreextravagantly[C]morecautiously（D）[D]morereasonably60.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat________.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving[C]deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife（C）[D]excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcarePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon

ANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.61)

Furthermore,humans