历年英语六级听力文本

2011年12月SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.M:Idon'tknowwhattodo.IhavetodrivetoChicagonextFridayformycousin'wedding,butIhavegotaPsychologytesttopreparefor.W:Whydon'tyourecordyournotessoyoucanstudyontheway?Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?12.M:ProfessorWright,youmayhavetofindanotherstudenttoplaythisrole,thelinesaresoIongandIsimplycan'itememberthemall.W:Look,Tony.Itisstillalongtimebeforethefirstshow.Idon'texpectyoutoknowallthelinesyet.Justkeeppracticing.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?13.M:Hello,thisisDr.MartinfromtheEmergencyDepartment.Ihaveamalepatientwithafracturedankle.W:Oh,wehaveonebedavailableinward3,sendhimhereandIwilltakecareofhim.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?14.W:SineeSimonwillgraduatethisMay,theschoolpaperneedsaneweditor.Soifyouareinterested,Iwillbehappytonominateyou.M:Thanksforeonsideringme.Butthebaseballteamisstartingupanewseason.AndI'nafraidIhavealotonmyhands.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?W:HaveyouheardthenewsthatJameSmeilhasresignedhispostasprimeminister?M:Well,Igotitfromtheheadlinesthismorning.It'reportedthathemadepublicatthisdeeisionatthelastcabinetmeeting.Q:whatdowelearnaboutJameSmeil?W:Themorningpapersaysthespaceshuttleistakingoffat10a.m.tomorrow.M:Yeah,it'justanotheroneofthisyear'Boutinemissions.Thefirstmissionwasundertakenadecadeagoandbroadcastlivethenworldwide.Q:whatcanweinferfromthisconversation?M:Wedoalotofcampinginthemountains.Whatwouldyourecommendfortwopeople?W:You'dprobablybebetteroffwiththefourrealdrivevehicle.Wehaveseveraloff-roadtrucksinstock,bothnewandused.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

W:Ihearyoudidsomeseriousshoppingthispastweekend.M:Yeah,thespeakersofmyoldstereofinallygaveoutandtherewasnowaytorepairthem.Q:Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?ConversationOneW:Now,couldyoutellmewheretheideaforthebusinessfirstcamefrom?M:Well,theoriginalshopwasopenedbyaretiredprinterbythenameofGruby.MrGrubybeingleft-handedhimself,thoughtoftheideatotrytopromoteafewproductsforleft-handers.W:Andhowdidhethengoaboutactuallysettingupthebusiness?M:Well,helookedforanyleft-handedproductsthatmightalreadybeonthemarketwhichwereveryfew.Andthencontactedthemanufactureswiththeideaofhavingproductsproducedforhim,mainlyinthescissorsrangetostartwith.W:Right.Soyoudocommissionsomepartofyourstock.M:Yes,verymuchso.About75percentofourstockisspeciallymadeforus.W:Andtherestofit?M:Hmm,therestofitnow,some25,30yearsafterMr.Gruby'sinitialefforts,therearemoreleft-handedproductactuallyonthemarket.Manufacturesarenowbeginningtoseethatthereisamarketforleft-handedproducts.W:Andwhat'stherangeofyourstock?M:Therangeconsistsofavarietyofscissorsfromchildrenscissorstoscissorsfortailors,hairdressersetc.Wealsohavealargerangeofkitchenware.W:Wha'sthecompetitionlike?Doyouhavequitealotofcompetition?M:Thereareotherpeopleinthebusinessnowinspecialists,butonlyasmail-orderoutlets.ButwehaveashophereincentralLondonplusamail-orderoutlet.Andwearewithoutanydoubtthelargestsupplieroftheleft-handeditems.Q19:Whatkindofbusinessdoesthemanengagedin?Q20:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisstockofproducts?Q21:Whatdoesthemansayaboutotherpeopleinhislineofbusiness?ConversationTwoM:Canwemakeyouanoffer?Wewouldliketorunthecampaignforfourextraweeks.W:well,canwesummarizetheproblemfrommypointofview?Firstofall,thecampaignwaslate.Itmissedtwoimportanttradeaffairs.Theadsalsodidnotappearintokeymagazines.Asaresult,thecampaignfailed.Doyouacceptthatsummaryofwhathappened?M:well,thedelaywasn'tentirelyourfault.Youdidinfactmakelatechangestothespecificationsoftheadvertisements.W:Uh,actually,youwerelatewiththeinitialproposalssoyouhaveverylittletimeandinfact,weonlyaskedforsmallchanges.M:Wellwhatever,canwerepeatouroffertorunthecampaignfor4extraweeks?W:That'notreallythepoint.Thecampaignmissedtwokeytradeaffairs.Becauseofthis,weareaskingyoueithertorepeatthecampaignnextyearforfree,orweonlypay50%ofthefeeforthisyear.M:Couldwesuggesta20%reductiontothefeetogetherwiththefourweeksustentiontothecampaign.W:Wearenothappy.Welostbusiness.M:Ithinkwebothmademistakes.Theresponsibilityisonbothsides.W:Ok,let'suggestanewsolution.Howabouta40%cutinfee,orafreerepeatcampaign?M:Well,let'takeabreak,we'renotgettingveryfar.Perhapsweshouldthinkaboutthis.22:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanscompany?23:Whywasthecampaigndelayedaccordingtotheman?24:Whatdoesthewomanproposeasasolutiontotheproblem?25:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydoattheendoftheconversation?SectionBPassageOneTheUniversityofTennessee'WaltersLifeSciencesbuilding,isamodelanimalfacility,spotlesslyclean,carefulinobtainingpriorapprovalforexperimentsfromananimalcarecommittee.Ofthe15,000micehousethereinatypicalyear,mostgivetheirlivesforhumanity.Thesearegoodmiceandassuchwontheprotectionoftheanimalcarecommittee.Atanygiventimehoweversomemiceescapeandrunfree.Thesemicearepests.Theycandisruptexperimentswiththebacteriaorganismstheycarry.Theyarebadmiceandmustbecapturedanddestroyed.Usually,thisisaccomplishedbymeansofstickytraps,akindofflypaperonwhichtheybecomeincreasinglystuck.Buttherealpointofthecautionarytale,saysanimalbehavioristHerzau,isthatthelabelsweputonthingscanaffectourmoralresponsestothem.Usingsticktrapsorthemoredeadlysnaptrapswouldbedeemedunacceptableforgoodmice.Yetthekillingofbadmicerequiresnopriorapproval.Oncetheresearchanimalhitsthefloorandbecomesanescapee,saysHerza,itsmoralstandardisinstantlydiminished.InHerzau'ownhome,therewasmoreironicexamplewhenhisyoungson'petmouseWillydiedrecently,itwasaccordedatearfulceremonialburialingarden.YetevenastheymournedWilly,saysHerzau,heandhiswifeweresettingsnaptrapstokillthepestmiceintheirkitchenwiththebarechangeinlabelsfrompettopest,thekitchenmiceobtainedtotallydifferentmoralstandardsQuestions:Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmostofthemiceusedforexperiments?Whydidtheso-calledbadmicehavetobecapturedanddestroyed?Whenaremicekilledwithoutpriorapproval?WhydoesthespeakersaywhattheHerzau'sdidathomeisironical?PassageTwoThereareroughlythreeNewYorks.Thereis,first,theNewYorkofthemanorwomanwhowasbornhere,whotakesthecityforgrantedandacceptsitssizeanditsturbulenceasnaturalandinevitable.Second,thereistheNewYorkofthecommuter—thecitythatisswallowedupbylocustseachdayandspatouteachnight.Third,thereistheNewYorkofthepersonwhowasbornsomewhereelseandcametoNewYorkinquestofsomething.Ofthesethreetremblingcitiesthegreatestisthelast,thecityoffinaldestination,thecitythathasagoal.ItisthisthirdcitythataccountsforNewYork'shigh-strungdisposition,itspoeticaldeportment,itsdedicationtothearts,anditsincomparableachievements.Commutersgivethecityitstidalrestlessness;nativesgiveitsolidityandcontinuity;butthesettlersgiveitpassion.AndwhetheritisafarmerarrivingfromItalytosetupasmallgrocerystoreinaslum,orayounggirlarrivingfromasmalltowninMississippitoescapetheindignityofbeingobservedbyherneighbors,oraboyarrivingfromtheCornBeltwithamanuscriptinhissuitcaseandapaininhisheart,itmakesnodifference:eachembracesNewYorkwiththeintenseexcitementoffirstlove,eachabsorbsNewYorkwiththefresheyesofanadventurer,eachgeneratesheatandlighttodwarftheConsolidatedEdisonCompany.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthenativesofNewYork?WhatdoesthespeakersaycommutersgivetoNewYork?WhatdowelearnaboutthesettlersofNewYork?PassageThree“Ifyouaskedmetelevisionisunhealthy”，saidtomyroommateWalter,asIwalkedintothelivingroom.“While/ouaresittingpassivelyinfrontoftheTVset,yourmusclesareturningtofat,yourcomplexionisfading,andyoureyesightisbeingruined.”“Shh~‘Walteputhisfingertohislips,“Thisisanintriguingmurdermystery.”“Really?Ireplied.“Btiyouknow,thebrainisdestroyedbyTVviewing.Creativityiskilledbythatbox.Andpeoplearekeptfromcommunicatingwithoneanother.Frommypointofview,TVisthecauseofthedeclininginterestinschoolandthefailureofourentireeducationasystem.”“Ahha,Ican'tseeyourpoint.'Waltersaidsoftly.“Butsee?Thewomanonthewitnessstandinthisstoryisbeingquestionedaboutthemurderthatwascommittedonehundredyearsago.”Ignoringhisenthusiasticdescriptionoftheplot,Iwentonwithmyargument.“AsIseeit,”1explained,“notonlyaremostTVprogramsbadlywrittenandproduced,butviewersarealsomanipulatedbythemassmedia.AsfarasIamconcerned,TVwatchersarecutofffromrealityfromnature,fromtheotherpeople,fromlifeitself!Iwasconfidentinmyabilitytopersuade.Afterashortsilenee,myroommatesaid,“Anyway,I'vdDeenplanningtowatchthefootballgame.Iamgoingtochangethechannel.”“Dontbuchthatdial!”shouted,“Iwantedtofindouthowthemysteryturnsout!”IamnotsureIgotmypointtocross.Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Asthespeakerwalkedintothelivingroom,whatwasbeingshownonTV?Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwatchingtelevision?Whatcanwesayaboutthespeaker?SectionCCompoundDictationInthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytoworkonamicroscale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinsidethehumanbodytodetecthealthproblemsortoperformdelicatesurgery.Repaircrewsdidnothaveawayofidentifyingbrokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-riseapartmentbuilding.However,that'abouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshavestartedamicrominiaturerevolutionthatallowsscientiststoenvisionandinsomecasesactuallybuildmicroscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromisetodramaticallychangethewayweliveandwork.Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityinCleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700tinyprimitivemotors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshaveperfectedtheworld'firstmicroscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthroughaperson'bloodvessels,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveoftheheartitself.Althoughsimpleversionsofminiaturedeviceshavehadanimpact,advaneedversionsarestillseveralyearsaway.Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevicesthatcansensewhentoreleaseanairbagandhowtokeepenginesandbreaksoperatingefficiently.Somefuturistsenvisionnanotechnol

ogyalsobeingusedtoexplorethedeepseainsmallsubmarine,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiatureinstruments.“Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications,So,whenscientistsnowthinkaboutfuturemachinesdoinglargeandcomplextasks,they'relinkingsmallerthaneverbefore.2011年06月大学英语六级真题听力11M:lleft20pagesheretocopy,here'sthereceiptW:I'msorry,sir,butwearealittlebehind,couldyoucomebackinafewminutes?Q:whatdoesthewomanmean?12W:Ihopeyouarenottoputoutwithmeforthedelay,lhadtostopfortheFred'shomebookonmywayhereM:well,that'snotabigdeal,butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyouwillkeepsomeonewaitingQ:whatdowelearnaboutthewomen?13W:Markisthebestcandidateforchairmanofthestudent'sunion,isn'the?M:well,thatguywon'tbeabletowintheelectionuniesshegotthemajorityvotefromwomenstudents,andIamnotsureaboutit?Q:whatdoesthemanmean?14M:sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting,Madam,I'velocatedyourluggage,itwasleftbehindinParisanwon'tarriveuntillaterthiseveningW:oh,Ican'tbelievethis,haveitbeentodeliveredtomyhotelthen,IguessQ:whathappenedtothewoman'sluggage?15W：Idon'tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation.Butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Thatdoesn'tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.M:Yeah,atthispoint,we'llhavetomakedowUhewlaetgot.Q:whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?16M:I'mtakingthisgreatcoursepsychologyofIanguage.It'sreallyinteresting.Sinceyoumajor,youshouldsignupforit.W:Actually,Itriedtodothat.ButtheytoldmeIhavetotakeIanguagestudiesfirst.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?17W:CanyoubelievethewayLarrywastalkingtohisroommate?Nowondertheydon'tgetalongM:Well,maybeLarrywasjustreactingtosomethinghisroommatesaid.Therearetwosidestoeverystoryyouknow.Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutLarryandhisroommate?18M:Wedon'thavetheresourcestostopthosepeoplefrombuyingusout.Uniessamiraclehappens,thismaybetheendofus.W:Istillhavehopewecangethelpfromthebank.Afterall,wedon'tneedthatmuchmoney.

Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakersfromtheconversation?长对话原文ConversationOneQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.W:Youknow「veoftenwonderedwhypeoplelaughatthepictureofabigbellybusinessmanslippingonabananaskinandfallingonhisbottom.Wearetofeelsorryforthem.M:Actually,Laura,Ithinkwelaughbecausewearegladitdidn'thappentous.Butofcoursethereisalsoakindofhumoroussatisfactioninseeingsomebodyself-importantmakingafoolofthemselves.W:Yes,andtherearealotofjokesaboutpeoplewhoaretoofatorphysicallyhandicapped,youknow,deaf,orshort-sightedthingslikethat.Afterall,it'snotreallyfunnytobelikethat.M:Oh,Ithinkthat'sbecausewe'reembarrassed.Wedon'tknowhowtocopewiththesituation.Perhapsweareevenabitfrightenedwemaygetlikethat,sowelaugh.M:Whataboutthecustardpieroutine?W:Whatdoyoumean'custardpieroutine'?M:Youknow,allthoseoldfilmswheresomeonegetssooutragedwithhisboss,Hepicksupacustardpieandplastersitallovertheotherperson'sface.W:Thatnevermakesmelaughmuch,becauseyoucanguesswhat'sgoingtohappen.Butalotofpeoplestillfinditlaughable.Itmustbecauseofthesortofthethingwe'dalllovetodoonceinawhileandneverquiethavethecourageto.M:Ihadanoldauntwhousedtothrowcupsofteaatpeoplewhenshewasparticularlyirritated.Shesaiditrelievedherfeelings.W:Itmusthavecomeabitexpensive.M:Notreally.Shetookcarenevertothrowherbestchina.Whydoesthemansaywelaughedwhenweseesomeself-importantpeoplemakingfoolofthemselves?Whydosomepeoplejokeaboutthosewhoarefatorhandicappedaccordingtotheman?Whydomanypeoplefinditfunnytoseesomeonethrowingacustardpieontheirboss'sface?Whydothemansayshewoulddropcupsofteaatpeopleoccasionally?ConversationTwoW：YournameSanjayKumaristhatcorrect?M:Yes,madam.W：YouclaimyouaretravelingonascholarshipfromDelhiUniversity.M:That'sright.W：Nowitseemsthatahandgunwasfoundinyourluggage.Doyouadmitthat?M:Yes,but…W：Accordingtothestatementyoumade,youhadneverseenthehandgunbeforeitwasfoundinyourbag.Doyoustillmaintainthat?M:Butit'strue.Iswearit.W：Mmm,youdorealizeMr.KumarthattobringahandgunintoHongKongwithoutproperauthorizationisaseriousoffense.M:ButIdidn'tbringit.I・TmeanIdidn'tknowanythingaboutit.Itwasn'ttherewhenIleftDelhi.Mbagsweresearched.Itwaspartoftheairportsecuritycheck.W：Maybeso,butsomeonemanagedtogetthathandgunontotheaircraftoritcouldn'thavebeenthere.M:Someonebutnotme.W：Tellme,wherewasyourpersonalbagduringtheflight?M:Ihaditdownbymyfeetbetweenmeandthemaninthenextseat.M:HewastheonlypersonwhocouldhaveopenedmybagwhileIwasasleep.Itmusthavebeenhim.W:Isee.Haveyouanyideawhothismanwas?M:Hetoldmehisname,AlfredFoster.Hewasveryfriendly,afterIwokeupthatis.Hehadn'tspokenbefore.W:AlfredFoster,wecancheckthatonthepassengerlist.M:Hesaidhehadacarcomingtomeethim.Heofferedmealift.W:Oh,Whyshouldhedothat?M:Sohecangethishandgunback,that'swhy.Pleasefindhim,Madam.PassageOneEveryoneislookingforagoodinvestmentthesedays.Andwithstocks,currenciesandcompaniesallcrashing,somearefindingthattakingthetripofalifetimeisactuallyasmartmoverightnow.Pricesaregood,crowdsarefewerandthedividendslikeexpandedworldview,lifelongmemories,thesatisfactionofboostingtheglobaleconomy—can'tbeeasilysnatchedaway.SylviaandPaulCusterson,aretiredcouplefromCambridge,England,recentlytooka16-dayvacationtoNamibia,wheretheywentonbird-watchingexcursions.Laterthisyear,theyareplanningatriptoPatagonia."We'reusingourcapitalnow,"saysSylvia,"Andwhynot?We'renotgettinganyinterestinthebank.Ifit'saplacewereallywanttogo,thenwewillgo.Wemayaswelltravelwhilewe'refitandhealthy."Sometravelagentsarethrivinginspiteoftheeconomy."We'vehadmorepeoplebookinginthefirstquarterofthisyearthanlast,"saysHubertMoineau,founderofTselanaTravel,whichisplanningtointroduceanewprogramofIongeradventuretrips,includingpolarexpeditionsandcruisesintheGalhearingthingslike,'Wedon'tknowwhatthesituationwillbeinsixmonthssolet'stravelnow'",AshleyToft,managingdirectoroftheU.K.touroperatorExplorehasbeensurprisedtoseeanincreaseinlast-minutebookingsofhigh-pricedtripstosuchplacesasIndia,BhutanandNepal."Itseemspeoplewouldrathergiveupsomethingelsethanthebigtrip,"hesays.Travelhasbecomeanecessity.It'sjusthowwetravelthatischanging.PassageTwoSomehowtheoldmaleandfemalestereotypesnoIongerfit.Menandwomeninthiscountryhavenbeenfulfillingtheirtraditionalrolesforsometimenow.Andthereseemtobefewerandfewerdifferencesbetweenthesexes.Forinstanee,eventhoughmorewomenthanmenarestillhomemakerswithoutpayingjobs,womenhavebeentakingovermoreresponsibilityinthebusinessworld,earninghighersalariesthaneverbeforeandenteringfieldsofworkthatusedtobeexclusivelymaleareas.Atofficemeetingsandingroupdiscussions,theymightspeakupmoreoften,expressstrongopinionsandcomeupwithmorecreativeandpracticalideasthantheirmalecolleagues.Severaldaysago,my23-year-olddaughtercametomewithsomeimportantnews.Notonlyhadshefoundthehighestpayingjobofhercareer,butshe'dalsoacceptedadatewiththemostcharmingmenshe'devermet.“Really?”,Iresponded,”tellmeaboutthem.”“Receptionistinanattorney'sofficeandawelderataconstructionsite.”Staffactweredway.Theinterestingthingismydaughter'sdateisthereceptionistandmydaughteristhewelder.Theoldstereotypesofmen'sandwomen'sworkhavebeenchangingmorequicklythaneverbefore,exceptperhamyownmarriage.“Who'sgoingtomowthelawn?”dInaslkeusbandthismorning.“Oh,Iwill,”heansweredpolitely.”That'smen'swork.”“What?'Irritated,Iraisedmyvoice.“That'saridiculousstereotype.I'llshowyouwhocandotheonthelawn.”Theworktook3hoursandIdiditallmyself.PassageThreeFloreneeHayesisajournalistfortheGreenVilleJournal,thedailynewspaperintown.SpecificallyshecoverscrimeintheGreenVillearea.Thisresponsibilitytakeshertomanydifferentplaceseveryweek—thepolicestation,thecourtandthehospital.Mostofthecrimesthatshewritesaboutfallintotwogroups:violentcrimesandcrimesagainstproperty.Thereisn'tmuchviolentcrimeinasmalltownlikeGreenVille,oinotasmuchasinthelargeurbanareas.ButassaultsoftenoccuronFridayandSaturdaynights,nearthebarsdowntown.There'realsooneortworapesoncampuseverysemester.Floreneeisveryinterestedinthistypeofcrimeandtriestowritealongarticleabouteachone.SheexpectsthatthiswillmakewomenmorecarefulwhentheywalkaroundGreenVillealoneatnightFortunately,therewereusuallynomurdersinGreenVille.CrimesagainstpropertymakeupmostofMissHeyes'reporting.Theyrangefromminorcasesofdeliberatedamagingoftgsntomuchmoreseriousoffenses,suchascaraccidentsinvolvingdrunkdriversorbankrobberiesbutFloreneehastoreportalloftheseviolationsfromthethiefwhotooktypewritersfromeveryuniockroominthedormitorytothethiefwhostoleonemilliondollarsworthofartworkfromtheuniversitymuseum.MissHayesenjoysworkingforanewspaperbutshesometimesgetsunhappyaboutallthecrimeshehastoreport.Shewouldprefertostartwritingaboutsomethingmoreinterestingandlessunpleasantsuchaslocalnewsorpolitics,maybenextyearFloreneeHayesSectionCCompoundDictationInAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit'spickingorthirty-oneicecreamflavors,ordecidingwhetherandwhentogetmarried.Thatsoundslikeagreatthing,butasarecentstudyhasshown,toomanychoicescanmakeusconfused,unhappy,evenparalyzedwithindecision.‘That'sparticularlytruewhenitcomestotheworkplace',saysBarryScl1b0akz,aarDauthorofshumanbehavior.Studentsaregraduatingwithavarietyofskillsandinterests,butoftenfindthemselvesoverwhelmedwhenitcomestochoosinganultimatecareergoal.Inastudy,Schwartzobserveddecision-makingamongcollegestudentsduringtheirsenioryear.Basedonanswerstoquestionsregardingtheirjobhuntingstrategiesandcareerdecisions,hedividedthestudentsintotwogroupsmaximizers,whoconsidereverypossibleoption,andsatisficers,wholookuntiltheyfindanoptionthatisgoodenough.Youmightexpectthatthestudentwhohadundertakenthemostexhaustedsearchwouldbethemostsatisfiedwiththeirfinaldecision,butitturnsoutthat'snottrue.Schwartzfoundthatwhilemaximizersebetter-payingjobsthansatisficersonaverage,theyweren'tashappywiththeirdecision.Thereasonwpeoplefeellesssatisfiedisthataworldofpossibilitiesmayalsobeaworldofmissedopportunities.Whenyoulookateverypossibleoption,youtendtofocusmoreonwhatwasgivenupthanwhatwasgained.Aftersurveyingeveryoption,apersonismoreacutelyawareoftheopportunitiestheyhadtoturndowntopursuejustonecareer.2010年12月大学英语六级真题听力Q11.W:Thisisoneofourbestandleastexpensivetwd&edroomlistings.It'slocatedinaquietbuildingandisclosetobuslines.M:Thatmaybetrue,butlookatit,it'sawful.Thepainthaspeeledoffandthecarpetiswornandstoveisancient.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?Q12.M:ThepictureswetookattheBotanicalGardenshouldbereadytomorrow.W:Ican'twaittoseethem.I'mwonderingiftheshotsItookisasgoodasIthought.Q:Whatisthewomaneagertoknow?Q13.W:Thehandleofthebookcaseisbroken.CanyouhaveitfixedbynextTuesday?M:Letmesee.Ineedtofindahandlethatmatches,butthatshouldn'ttaketoolong.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Q14.M:ThistrucklookslikewhatIneedbutI'mworriedaboutolnaint<^nwlineeaVetooperateforlongperiodsoftimeinverycoldtemperatures.W:Wehaveseveralmodelsthatespeciallyadaptedforextremeconditions.Wouldyouliketoseethem?Q:What'stheman'sdemandfromtheconversation?Q15.M:Ithinkyourbosswillbeveryupsetwhenhegetsyourletterofresignation.W:Thatmaybeso.Butintheletter,IjusttoldhimfranklyIcouldnoIongerlivewithhispoormanagementandstupiddecisions.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?Q16.W:I'dlikeeochangetheshirt.I'velearnedthepersonIboughtitforisallergictowool.M:maybewecanfindsomethingincottonorsilk.Pleasecomethisway.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?Q17.M:ExcusemeMiss,didanyonehappentoturninanewhandbg?Youknowit'sabirthdaygiftformywife.W:Letmesee.Oh,we'vegotquitealotofwomen'sbagshere.Canyougivememoredetailedisuchasitscolor,thesizeandthetrademark?:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?Q18.W:What'reyougoingtodowiththeoldhouseyouinheritedfromyourgrandfather?M:Ionceintendedtosellit.ButnowI'mthinkingofturningitintoaguesthouse,becauseitstructure.W:thereisanelementthereaboutthecompetitioner,isn'tthere?BecauseBritishrailwaysareanationalize(industry,thereisn'tanyonerailwaysysteminthecountry.Ifyoudon'tlikeaparticularkincangoonbyanother;butifyoudon'tliketheparticularrailway,youcan'tgoonusingaM:somepeoplewhowritetomesaythis.Theysaythatifyoudidnothaveamonopoly,youwouldnotbeabletodothethingsyoudo.Well,Idon'tthinkwedoanythingdeliberatelytoupsetourcustomers,wehavparticularproblems.Sinee1946,whentheTransportActcamein,wewerenationalized.W:Doyouthinkthatisagoodthing?Hasitbeenagoodthingfortherailways,doyouthink,tobenationalized?M:Oh,Ithinkso,yes,becauseingeneral,mostsofthetransportareallaround.Let'sfacethefact,thecararrivedthecarsareheretostay.ThereisnoquestionaboutthatW:Sowhat'syoursayingthen?Isitiftherailwayshaven'tbeennationalized,theywouldsimplydisappeared?M:Oh,Ithinktheywouldhave.TheyaredisappearingfastinAmerica.TheFrenchrailwayslose1billionpoundsayear,theGermanrailways,2billionayear.ButyouseethosegovernmentsarepreparingtopourthemoneyintothetransportsystemtokeepitgoingW:So,Inasense,youcallbetweentwoextremes.Ontheonehand,theyaretryingnottolosetoomuchmoney,andontheotherhand,you'vegottoprovidethebestservice.M:Yes,youarerightPassage1Amongglobalwarming'smostfrighteningthreadtlsepredictionthatthepolaricecapswillmelt,raisingsealevelsomuch,thatcoastalcitiesfromNewYork,toLosAngeles,toShanghaiwillbeflooded.ScientistsagreethattheykeyplayerinthisscenarioistheWestAntarcticicesheet.ABrazilsizemassfrozenwaterthatasmuchas7,000feetthick,uniikefloatingiceshelveswhichhavelittleimpactonsealevelwhentheybreakup,theicesheetisanchoredtobedrockwillblowtheseasurface.Surroundedbyanopenocean,itisalsovulnerable.ButAntarcticexpertsdisagreestronglyonjusthowunstableitis.NownewevideneerevealsthatallaremostoftheWestAntarcticicesheetcollapsedatleastonceduringthepast1.3millionyears--aperiodwhenglobaltemperaturesprobablywillnotsignificantlyhigherthantheyaretoday.Andtheicesheetwasassumedtohavebeenstable.Ingeologictime,amillionyearsisrecenthistory.TheproofwhichwaspublishedlastweekinScieneecomesfromateamofscientistsfromUppsalaUniversityinSwedenandCalifornianInstituteofTechnologywhodrilldeepholesneartheedgeoftheicesheet.Withinsamplescollectedfromthesolidsubstaneelyingbeneaththeice,theyfoundfossilsofmicroscopemarineplantswhichsuggeststheregionwasonceanopenocean,notsolidice.AsHermanAnkleherd,aco-authorfromCalifornianInstituteofTechnologysays,“TheWestAntarcticicesheetdisappearedonceandcandisappearagain.”Passage2It'salwaysfuntowriteaboutreserchyoucanactuallytrypaurself.Trythis.TakeaphotoanduploadittoFacebook,thenafteradayorso,knowwhatURLlinktothepictureisandthendeleteit.Comebackamonthlaterandseeifthelinkworks.Chancesare,itwill.Facebookisn'tOCommbhiidgeResearchesaUniversityhavefoundoutnearlyhalfofthesocialnetwworkingsitesdon'tdeletepicturesimuserrequesttheyberemoved.Ingeneral,photo-centricwebsiteslikePhlicawerefoundtobebetteratquicklyremovingdeletedphotosuponrequest.Whydiddeletedphotosdeckaroundsolong?Theproblemrelatestothewaydatarestoredonlargewebsites.Whileyourpersonalcomputeronlykeepsonecopyofafile.,large-scaleservices,likeFacebook,relyonwhatarecalledContentDeliveryNetworkstomanagedataanddistribution.It'sacomplexsystemwherewerenderdatarttermriidiadevicesusuallytospeedupaccesstofileswhenmillionsofpeoplearetryingtoaccesstheserviceatthesametime.Butbecausechangesaren'reflectedacrossContentDeliveryNetworksimmediately,ghostcopiesoffilestendtolingerfordaysorweeks.InthecaseofFacebook,thecompanysaysdatamayhangarounduntiltheURLlinkquestionedisreused,whichisusuallyafterashortperiodoftime,thoughobviouslythattimevaryconsiderably.Passage3Enjoyanicedcoffee,betterskipdinnerorhitthegymafterwards.WiththeCancerCharitywarningthatsomeicedcoffeescontainasmanycaloriesasahotdinner,theWorldCancerResearchFund(WCRF)conductedasurveyoficedcoffeesoldbysomepopularchainsinBritainincludingStarbucks,CafeNeroandCostaCoffeetogivethecaloriesasstudiesincreasinglylinkobesitywithcancer.Theworstoffender,acoffeefromStarbuckshad561calories,othericedcoffeescontainedmorethan450calories,andthemajorityhadanexcessof200.Healthexpertsadvisethattheaveragewomenshouldconsumeabout2000caloriesadayandamanabout2500caloriestomaintainahealthyweight.Dietersinfor1000to1500caloriesaday.Thefactthatthereisanicedcoffeeonthemarketwithoveraquarterofawoman'sdailycaloriesallowaneeisalaDoctorRachelThompson,scieneeprogrammermanageratLondon-basedWCRF,saidinawidelyreportedstatement,thisistheamountofcaloriesyoumightexpecttohaveinaneveningmeal,notinadrink.TheWCRFhasestimatedthat19thousandcancersayearinBritaincouldbepreventedifpeoplelosttheirexcessweight,withgrowingevideneethatexcessbodyfatincreasesvariouscancers.Ifyouarehavingthesetypesofcoffeeregularly.Thentheywillincreasechancesofyoubecomingoverweight,withinturnincreasesyourriskofdevelopingcanceraswellasotherdiseasessuchasheartdisease,sheadded.复合式听写：Psychologistsarefindingthathopeplaysasurprisinglyvitalroleingivingpeopleameasurableadvantageinzonesofdiverseasacademicachievement,bearingupintoughjobsandcopingwithtragicillness.Andbycontrast,thelossofhopeisturningouttobeastrongersignthatapersonmaycommitsuicidethanotherfactorslongthoughttobemorelikelyrisks.Hope'sprovedapowerfulpredictorofoutcomeineveiwe'vedonesofar.”saidDoctorCharlesRSnider.Apsychologistwhohasdevisedascaletoassesshowmhopeapersonhas.Forexample,inresearchwith3920collegestudents,DoctorSniderandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthelevelofhopeamongfreshmenatthebeginningoftheirfirstsemesterwasamoreaccuratepredictoroftheircollegegradesthanweretheirSATscoresortheirgradepointaveragesinhighschool-thetwomeasuresmostcommonlyusedtopredictcollege