2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)4606

2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Vocabulary2.ReadingComprehension3.Writing7.ClozeTextVocabulary1．Eventhoughhewasguilty,the______judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.A．mercifulB．impartialC．conscientiousD．conspicuous正确答案：A解析：本题考查形容词辨析。让步状语从句中的guilty(有罪的思(法官没有把他送进监狱)表明，该法官是一个故merciful(仁慈)为答案。impartial意为“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意为勤勤恳恳的”；conspicuous意为“显眼的，明显的”，均与让步状语)和主句的意“仁慈的”人，的，宽厚的“认真的，从句的意思不符，故均排除。2．Theeducation______forthecomingyearisabout$4billion,whichismuchmorethanwhatpeopleexpected.A．allowanceB．reservationC．budgetD．finance正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词辨析。根据句意“来年的教育______约为40亿美元，这远远超出人们的预期”可知，横线处应填和“钱”有关的词，可首先排除reservation(预订；保留)。allowance意为“(定期发给的)津贴，补助”，不符合$4billion(40亿美元)的语故排除。根据后空的thecomingyear(来年)可确为budget(预算，预算拨款)。finance(财政，金融)是指管理货币、债务、信贷和投资的商业或政府活动，也与语义，定，本题答案义不符，故排除。3．Theyhadfierce______astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationshipwhichwasbrokenyearsago.A．debateB．clashC．disagreementD．context正确答案：A解析：本题考查名词辨析。根据句意“他们就是否应该恢复公司数年前被破

坏了的贸易关系进行了一场激烈的______”可知，横线处应填含有的名词，故首先排除context(背景，环境；上下文，语境)。debate意为“(各自发)辩论，争论”，侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩，故为答案。clash(争论；冲突)侧重“冲突”一致；异议；争论)侧重“分歧”，“争论”意义表不同观点的符合空后语义，；disagreement(意见不二者均与语义不符，故均排除。4．Theytossedyourthoughtsbackandforthforoveranhour,butstillcouldnotmake______ofthem.A．impressionB．comprehensionC．meaningD．sense正确答案：D解析：本题考查名词辨析。根据空前的make和of可知，横线处所填词应与make和pf构成固定搭配，只有sense符合要求，故答案为[D]项。makesenseof。impression(印象)，comprehension(理解(力)，了解)和meaning(意义，意思)均无法满足搭配及语义要求，故均排除。句意为：他们把你的想法反意为“理解，弄懂”反复复考虑了一个多小时，但仍没能弄清你的意思。5．Thepoliticiansayshewill______thewelfareofthepeople.A．preyonB．takeonC．getatD．seeto正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。结合politician(政治家，政客)和welfareofthepeople(人民的福利)推测，横线处食，掠夺”；takeon意为“承担，接受任务”和getat意为“弄清楚，发现”，这三项均与语义不符，故均排除。seeto意为“负责，处句意为：该政治家称他会为人民谋福利。所填词应含有“负责”的含义。preyon意为“捕理”，符合语义，故为答案。6．Ifyou______thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.A．takeoffB．keepoffC．getoffD．setoff正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。句意为“如果你______烟酒，你将健康得多”。takeoff意为“脱下(衣服)；匆匆离开”。keepoff意为“远离，(使)不接近”。getoff“下(车、马等)；离开”。setoff意为“出发；动身；引起”。相比较，四个选项中只有[B]项符合语义，故为答案。

7．Hewas______tostealthemoneywhenhesawitlyingonthetable.A．draggedB．temptedC．elicitedD．attracted正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词辨析。句意为“当他看到在桌子上放着的钱时，他______bedraggedtodosth．意为“勉强做某事”，与空后的stealmoney在语去偷钱”。义上不符，故排除[A]项。betemptedtodosth．意为“被诱惑做某事”，符合空后的语境，故答案为[B]项。elicit意为“引出，探出”；beattractedtodosth．意为“被吸引做某事”。8．Beingsomewhatshort-sighted,shehadthehabitof______atpeople.A．glancingB．peeringC．gazingD．scanning正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词辨析。四个选项均含“看”的意思，glance(瞥，迅速地看一眼)强调时间的长短；peer(<通常因难以看清而>盯着看，凝视)；gaze(凝视，注视)强调聚精会神地看；scan(非常迅速地看，粗略地看)强调时间的长短，而且scan后面不接at，根据short-sighted(近视眼的)可知，peer符合文意，故为答案。句意为：因为眼睛有些近视，她养成了盯着人看的习惯。9．Ofthethousandsofknownvolcanoesintheworld,the______majorityareinactive.A．tremendousB．demandingC．intensiveD．overwhelming正确答案：D解析：本题考查形容词辨析。根据空后的majority(大多数)可知，所填词修饰majority，故overwhelming为答案。overwhelmingmajority为惯用法，意为“绝大多数”。tremendous意为”(体积、数量、程度等)巨大的，惊人的”；demanding“要求很高的，苛刻的”；intensive意为“加强的，集中的，密集的”。应意为10．Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe______concernofstategovernments.A．extinctB．excluding

C．excessiveD．exclusive正确答案：D解析：本题考查单词词义辨析。结合空前的matterswhichlieentirelywithinstateborders(纯属州内事物exclusive(独有的，独享的excluding意为“除……之外；不包括”；excessive意为的”。)和concernofstategovernments(州政府关心的事)可确)。extinct意为绝种的”；过分的，过度定，本题答案为“灭绝的，“过多的，11．Thefoodwasrather______andneededgingeringup.A．slipperyB．inscribeC．invisibleD．insipid正确答案：D解析：本题考查单词词义辨析。根据空后的neededgingeringup(需要加点作应是“不好吃或无味的”。slippery意为“狡猾的；滑溜的；不可靠的”。inscribe意为献”。invisible意为的；无形的”。insipid意为“(食物或饮料)淡而无味的，味道的”，符合料)提示，食物“雕，刻；题写，题“看不见的；隐形没有语义，故为答案。12．Idon’t______expertknowledgeofthissubject.A．professB．confessC．confirmD．confront正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词辨析。根据句意“我不是______这一问题的专家”可知，答案为profess(自称；妄称)为答案。confess意为供认”。confirm批准；证实”。confront意为“承认；坦白，意为“确认，“面临；面对；对抗”。13．Hehadno______abouthistalentsasasinger.A．illuminationsB．illustrationsC．allusionsD．illusions正确答案：D解析：本题考查名词辨析。havenoillusionsabout…为固定搭配，意为“对……不抱希望”，故答案为[D]项。illumination意为“照明；阐明，解释清楚”。illustration“插图；例证”。allusion意为“暗指，间接提到；影射”。意为

14．Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;soI’lltellyouaboutit______.A．indetailB．inbriefC．inshortD．inall正确答案：B解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。notmuchtimeleft(剩下的时间不多诉事情”应是“简短地说，节省时间地说”，故inbrief(简言之，简单地说)为答inshort意为“总之，inall意为“总共，)提示，“告案。indetail意为“详细地”。论述内容进行简明扼要的总结。简言之”，用于对前面所详细合计”，这均不符合语义，故均排除。15．Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully______.A．admittedB．acknowledgedC．absorbedD．considered正确答案：D解析：本题考查动词辨析。suggestions…wait…before提示，本空应填considered，故答案为[D]项。admit意为“承认”；absorb意为“吸收”和acknowledge意为“承认，认可，公认”，这些均与语义不符，故均排除。16．Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,______asuddenloudnoise.A．beingthereB．shouldtherebeC．therewasD．therehavingbeen正确答案：B解析：本题考查虚拟语气和倒装。本题是省略了if的虚拟语气句，且与将来相反，从句的谓语动词可以使用“should+动词原形”。句意为：如果突然有一个很大的声音，这些动物真的有可能被吓到。17．Bytheyear2050,scientistsprobably______acureforcancer.A．willbediscoveringB．arediscoveringC．willhavediscoveredD．havediscovered

正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词时态。“by(thetime／theendof)+表示将来时间的短语或句子”为将来完成时的标志。句意为：到2050年，科学家们将可能已经找到治愈癌症的方法了。18．Jimisn’t______,buthedidbadlyinthefinalexamslastsemester.A．gloomyB．dullC．awkwardD．tedious正确答案：B解析：本题考查形容词辨析。由but可知，鲍勃虽然考得不好，但并不表示他“迟钝的，笨的”，故答案为dull(愚蠢的，笨的)。gloomy意为“令人沮丧的”；tedious意为“乏味的，单调的”；awkward指做事“不灵活的，不灵巧的”，三者均与语义不符，故均排除。19．Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents’______.A．commandB．convictionC．consentD．compromise正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词辨析。根据句意“男孩溜出了房间，没有父母的______就前往游泳池”可确定答案为consent(准许，同意，赞成)。command意为“命令，指示”，不符合常理，故排除。conviction意为“深信，确信”；compromise意为“妥协，折中”，这两项均不符合语义，故也排除。20．Hehad______onthesubject.A．aratherstrongopinionB．ratherstrongopinionC．ratherthestrongopinionD．theratherstrongopinion正确答案：A解析：本题考查修饰语顺序。rather为程度副词，故应放在形容词前，相当于very；同时opinion为可数名词，前面应该有冠词，此处明显为泛指，故使用不定冠词a，答案ReadingComprehensionMoralresponsibilityisallverywell,butwhataboutmilitaryorders?Isit为[A]项。句意为：他对这个话题的观点相当强硬。

notthesoldier’sfirstdutytogiveinstantobediencetoordersgivenbyhismilitarysuperiors?Andapartfromduty,willnotthesoldiersufferseverepunishment,evendeath,ifherefusestodowhatheisorderedtodo?If,then,asoldieristoldbyhissuperiortoburnthishouseortoshootthatprisoner,howcanhebeheldcriminallyaccountableonthegroundthattheburningorshootingwasaviolationofthelawsofwar?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatareraisedbytheconceptcommonlycalled“superiororders”,anditsuseasadefenseinwarcrimestrials.Itisanissuethatmustbeasoldasthelawsofwarthemselves,anditemergedinlegalguiseoverthreecenturiesagowhen,aftertheStuartrestorationin1660,thecommanderoftheguardsatthetrialandexecutionofCharlesIwasputontrialfortreasonandmurder.Theofficerdefendedhimselfontheground“thatallhedidwasasasoldier,bythecommandofhissuperiorofficerwhomhemustobeyordie,”butthecourtgavehimshortshrift,sayingthat“whenthecommandistraitorous,thentheobediencetothatcommandisalsotraitorous.”Thoughnotpreciselyarticulated,therulethatisnecessarilyimpliedbythisdecisionisthatitisthesoldier’sdutytoobeylawfulorders,butthathemaydisobey—andindeedmust,undersomecircumstances—unlawfulorders.SuchhasbeenthelawoftheUnitedStatessincethebirthofthenation.In1804,ChiefJusticeJohnMarshalldeclaredthatsuperiororderswilljustifyasubordinate’sconductonly“ifnottoperformaprohibitedact”,andtherearemanyotherearlydecisionstothesameeffect.AstrikinglyillustrativecaseoccurredinthewakeofthatconflictofwhichmostEnglishmenhaveneverheard(althoughtheirtroopsburnedtheWhiteHouse)andwhichwecalltheWarof1812.Ourcountrywasbadlysplitbythatwartooand,atatimewhentheUnitedStatesNavywasnotespeciallypopularinNewEngland,theship-in-the-lineIndependencewaslyinginBostonHarbor.Apass-bydirectedabusivelanguageatamarinestandingguardontheship,andthemarine,Bevansbyname,ranhisbayonetthroughtheman.Chargedwithmurder,BevansproducedevidencethatthemarinesontheIndependencehadbeenorderedtobayonetanyoneshowingthemdisrespect.ThecasewastriedbeforeJusticeJosephStory,nexttoMarshall,theleadingjudicialfigureofthoseyears,whochargedthatanysuchorderasBevanshadinvoked“wouldbeillegalandvoid”,and,ifgivenandputintopractice,boththesuperiorandthesubordinatewouldbeguiltyofmurder.Inconsequence,Bevanswasconvicted.TheorderallegedlygiventoBevanswasprettydrastic,andBostonHarborwasnotabattlefield;perhapsitwasnottoomuchtoexpectthemarinetorealizethatliteralcompliancemightleadtobadtrouble.Butitisonlytooeasytoconceiveofcircumstanceswherethemattermightnotbeatallclear.Doesthesubordinateobeyatperilthattheordermaylaterberuledillegal,orisprotectedunlesshehasagoodreasontodoubtitsvalidity?21．ItcanbeinferredfromPara.1thatifasoldierobeyshissuperior’sordertoburnahouseortokillaprisoner,______.A．heisrightaccordingtomoralstandardsB．heshouldnotreceiveanypunishmentC．heshouldcertainlybeliableforhisaction

D．hewillbeconvictedaccordingtothelawofwar正确答案：B解析：推理判断题。第一段最后一句提到，如果一个士兵被上级命令烧掉这座房屋或者枪杀那个罪犯，他怎么能以烧杀违反战争法的理由被定罪呢?结合作者的反问语气，推测作者认为士兵是执行上级命令，不应受到惩罚，故答案为[B]项。22．Whatwastheruleimpliedbythetrailofthecommanderoftheguards?A．Asoldiermustobeylawfulorders,beherightorwrong.B．Evenifanorderisunlawful,thesoldiermuststillobeyit.C．Asoldiermayormustdisobeyunlawfulordersorhemustdie.D．Itisthesoldier’sdutytoobeysuperiororderswhatevertheyare.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。文章第二段列举了thecommanderoftheguards的例子，他自己因处决查理一世而被送上法庭，法庭驳回他“只是服从上级命令”的辩解，宣布“当命令是叛国的，那么服从命令也是叛国的”。接着第三段第一句提到，这个判决隐含的规则是：士兵的职责是服从合法的命令，但可以——事实上在某些情况下必须——不服从非法的命令。由此可知，答案为[C]项。文中没有提到士兵必须不分对错地服从合法的命令，故排除[A]项，[B]项和[D]项与文意相悖。23．Thephrase“tothesameeffect”(Line5,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans“which”______.A．areofthesimilarmeaningB．havethesamepurposeC．mustbeputintoeffectD．leadtothesameresult正确答案：A解析：词义理解题。第三段先是提出“士兵的职责是服从合法的命令，可以或必须不服从非法的命令”是美国自建国以来就有的法则，接着以首席法官马歇尔的话重申了这个法则，并提到其他早期的判决。由此推测，其他早期的判决也是体现了同样的法则，即都表示相同的意思，故答案为[A]项。24．Accordingtothefourthparagraph,Bevanswasfoundguiltybecausehe______.A．obeyillegalordersB．wasaccusedofmurderC．disobeyedthesuperiorordersD．offendedagainstthelawofwar正确答案：A解析：事实细节题。第四段提到，贝文斯说独立号上的所有海军陆战队士兵

被命令用刺刀刺死任何对他们不敬的人，而大法官约瑟夫．斯托里表示贝文斯援引的上级命令是“不合法且无效的”，如果下了这样的命令且被落实了，那么上下级都犯了谋杀罪。由此可知，贝文斯被判有罪是因为他服从了不合法的命令，故答案为[A]项。25．Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraphthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsBevanswas______.A．bewilderingB．indignantC．approvingD．notquitesympathetic正确答案：D解析：观点态度题。最后一段第一句中作者提到，这项贝文斯申诉的所给予他的命令相当极端，而且波士顿港不是战场，或许期望这名海军陆战队士兵意识到刻板地服从命令会酿成大祸不并过分不应刻板地服从不合法的命令，由此推测作者认为贝文斯不值得同情[D]项。作者用语较为平和，故排除[B]项。[A]项和[C]项都不符合文义。。换句话说，作者认为贝文斯应该意识到，故答案为Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.““Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—going

toschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”26．WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?A．Thehabitofthinkingindependently.B．Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.C．Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.D．Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。第一段第三句提到，甚至连我们的学校都是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的，而不是追求知识本身的。由此可知，美国家长期望孩子在学校里获得的是实用技能，四个选项中只有[C]项符合文义。27．WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof______.A．undervaluingintellectB．favoringintellectualismC．supportingschoolreformD．suppressingnativeintelligence正确答案：A解析：事实细节题。第四段中研究反智主义的历史学家霍夫斯塔特说，智力遭到厌恶，被认为是势力和特权的一种形式。自美国历史之初，我们对民主和平民主义的渴望就驱使我们抵制任何带有精英主义味道的东西。由此可知，美国从历史上就是看轻智力的，故答案为[A]项。[B]项文与义相悖，故排除；[C]项在文中没有提及，故排除；第四段最后一句提到，实用性、常识和天赋被看得比任何从书中学到的知识都要高贵，由此可排除[D]项。28．TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare______.A．identicalB．similarC．complementaryD．opposite正确答案：D解析：观点态度题。根据题干中的Ravitch和Emerson将本题出处定位于文

章第二段和第五段。第二段中提到拉维奇的观点：学校始终处于重实用性而轻知识的社会中。学校本可以是一种平衡因素，但美国的学校绝对没有抵消美国人对追求知识的厌恶。可见拉维奇支持学校追求知识。第五段第一句提到爱默生和其他先验论者认为学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性，他说：“我们在中小学和大学的教室里一关就是十年或十五年，最后出来满肚子墨水，却一无所知。”可见爱默生反对学校追求知识。因此拉维奇和爱默生的观点是相反的，答案为[D]项。29．Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably______.A．apioneerofeducationreformB．anopponentofintellectualismC．ascholarinfavorofintellectD．anadvocateofregularschooling正确答案：B解析：推理判断题。第五段中提到了爱默生的观点：学校教育和严格的书本学习限制了孩子们的天性，由此可知，他是反对知性主义的，四个选项中只有[B]项符合文义。30．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?A．Itissecondtointelligence.B．Itevolvesfromcommonsense.C．Itistobepursued.D．Itunderliespower.正确答案：C解析：观点态度题。第厌恶。鼓励孩子们排斥精神生活使他们易被利用和不能捍卫自己的思想和理解他人的思想，他们就不能充分地参与我们的民主。并引用厄尔．绍利斯的话，说长此以往，“国家将沦为二流国家”。由此可知，作者是支持学校追求知识的，四个选项中只有[C]项符合作者的观点。三段中作者提到，学校应该抵消美国人对追求知识的控制。如果不能批判地思考、Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies,televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:“Atthistime,wellover1,000

studies...pointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededout“themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression”,only28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread“aggressive”or“non-aggressive”wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.31．Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies,TVandvideogames?A．Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.B．Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday’ssociety.C．Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.D．Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的movies，TVandvideogame将本题出处定位于文章第一段第二句。该句提到，电影、电视和电子游戏中充满枪战和杀戮，人们有理由询问把家庭暴力的录像当成娱乐来播放的社会到底是怎么了，由此可知，电影、电视和电子游戏中表现那么多暴力场面，是因为当今社会把暴力看成一种娱乐，故答案为[D]项。第三段提到看暴力影像会导致现实暴力，[A]项颠倒了因果关系，故排除；[B]项是对“展示暴力被认为具有娱乐性”这一社会现象的评价，并非媒体上充斥暴力的原因，故排除；[C]项文中未提及，故排除。32．Whatistheskeptics’(Line3,Paragraph3)viewofmediaviolence?A．Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.B．Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.C．Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.D．Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.

正确答案：B解析：推理判断题。第三段提到，观看极其大量暴力内容的电视和录像可能导致某些人的暴力行为。问题来自于研究人员低估了研究中的不确定性或夸大其中的因果关系。怀疑论者早在多年前美国医学会等社会团体发表联合声明时就感到灰心了，声明说超过一千项研究指出对儿童而言媒体暴力和攻击行为之间存在极强的因果关系。由此推测，怀疑论者的观点认为这些研究夸大了媒体暴力与暴力行为之间的因果关系，换句话说夸大了媒体暴力对观看者的影响，四个选项中只有[B]项符合这个观点。33．Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1,Paragraph5)torefertothosewho______.A．usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolenceB．initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonrealityC．assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehaviorD．useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。第五段第二句提到，危言耸听证明了媒体暴力导致攻击行为，[C]项是对原文saytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression的同义转述，故为答案。者(alarmists)说他们已经34．Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging______.A．thesourceandamountoftheirdataB．thetargetsoftheirobservationC．theirsystemofmeasurementD．theirdefinitionofviolence正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。第五段第二句提到了危言耸听者的观点，第三句中作者“暴力”还是“非说他们言论背后的假设值得验证。接着提出了关于如何判断游戏暴力”的质疑。由此可知，作者首先通过质疑暴力的定义来进行论证，故答案为[D]项。35．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?A．Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.B．ItshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettledC．Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.D．Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.正确答案：A解析：观点态度题。最后一段提到，另一个恰当的手段是缓和对媒体暴力的

抨击直到我们了解了更多。一些研究人员在谈及和证明媒体暴力的威胁时，总是将之看作板上钉钉的事。由此推测，作者认为不应轻易下结论，应该进行更多的研究，故答案为[A]项。Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem:Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams—selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2%～4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.36．Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A．Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.

B．Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C．Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D．Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。题干中的parentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionsways出现在第一段第一句，后文解释了这个现象的原因：家长逼迫孩子们拿高分、上SAT预备课程、做简历，以便能进人家长首选的大学。由此可知，作者说家长是大学录取战争中真正的战士，是因为在申请大学的过程中，对于大学的选择和要做的准备，家长比他们的孩子更关心。四个选项中只有[D]项符合文义。文中仅提到家长心中有首选的大学，并未提到选哪所大学的最手里，故排除[A]项；[B]项和[C]项文中终决定权在家长未提及，故排除。37．Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever?A．Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B．Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C．Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D．Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto.正确答案：A解析：事实细节题。第二段第二句提到了题干中所述的现象：担心的家长们逼迫孩子们申请更多的学校。下一句提到，这种歇斯底里之下隐藏的是对名校学历必定很有价值的信赖。由此可知，家长让孩子们让他们进名校，为[A]项。其他三个选项在文中没有提及，申请更多的学校是为了故答案故排除。38．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Kidscountmorethantheircollege”(Line1,Paragraph4)?A．Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess.B．Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C．Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgrounds.D．Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.正确答案：C解析：推理判断题。该句后文提到，名校文凭不是唯一的指标，而且它的价值还在降低。进大学不是人生中唯一的竞赛。下一场竞赛是就业或考研，结果可能会变化。据此推断，该句的意思是：能体现孩子们能力的不仅是获得哪所大学凭。四个选项中只有[C]项符合文的文义。39．WhatdoesKrueger’sstudytellus?A．GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettinginto

college.B．Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C．GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D．Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.正确答案：B解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的Krueger将本题句。据他研究，要申请一个顶尖的博士项目，起作用的是GRE成绩而不是名校为[B]项。文中仅提到名校生并不能保证申请到博士项目，并未比较申请大学和申请博士项目的难易程度，故排除[A]项；[C]项文中未提及，故排，[D]项与文义相悖，故排除。出处定位于第四段最后两文凭，故答案除；第四段倒数第三句提到，校友关系网正在瓦解40．Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______.A．theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB．theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC．theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD．theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplications正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。文章末尾提到一项研究发现，在其他条