专四模拟试题附参考答案 （1）4

专四模拟试题附参考答案(1)4“WhitehostilitytowardAfricanAmericans,andtheresultingdiscrimination,havebeenfueledbyasenseofthreat.Duringslavery,manyworking-classwhites,encouragedbyslaveholders,fearedthereleaseoflargenumbersofblacksintothelabormarketandsocietyingeneral.WhennorthernindustriesusedAfricanAmericansasstrikebreakersinthefirstdecadesofthiscentury,whiteworkersfearedthelossoftheirjobs.Today,manywhiteAmericansfear“blackviolence”.Moreover,specificfearsaboutthe“costs”ofwelfareaswellasthe"taking"ofjobsthroughaffirmativeactionhaveaddedtothefearofblackviolence.ThesefearshavetranslatedintonegativestereotypesofAfricanAmericansasapeoplewhoarepronetocrimeandviolence,unwillingtowork,andadrainonthewhitetaxpayerthroughtheirwelfaredependency.Inturn,thesestereotypeshavebeenusedtojustifyinformaldiscrimination,topreventthehelptotheurbanpoor,tobenegligentinenforcinglawsorpoliciesprohibitingdiscriminatorypracticesagainstblackworkers,andmostimportant,tohesitateinmakingaseriouseffortatjobcreationforAfricanAmericans.TheresultisthatAfricanAmericans’shareofvaluedresourceshasnotincreasedmuchoverthelasttwodecades,evenasformaldiscriminationhasbeengreatlylessened.ThisfactisusedtofurtherthenegativebeliefthatAfricanAmericanshave"nottakenadvantageoftheirequalopportunities."90.Accordingtothepassage,howdidthenorthernindustriesmakeuseofAfricanAmericansin1900s?A.Sentthemtoaskthestrikerstogobacktowork.B.Madethemworkveryhard.C.Employedthemtothreatenthewhitestrikers.D.Releasedthemintothelabormarket.91.Whatistheillinfluenceofthesenegativestereotypes?A.Givinghelptothepoorblack.B.Justifyinginformaldiscrimination.C.Enforcinglawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypracticesagainstblackworkers.D.Creatingopportunitiesofemploymentfortheblack.92.Whatcanbeinferredfrom"adrainonthewhitetaxpayer"abouttheAfricanAmericans?A.Theyareunwillingtowork.B.Theyneverpaytax.C.Theylacksecurity.D.Theirwelfaredependsonthewhite'stax.93.Theauthorwrotethepassagetotellus__________.A.AfricanAmericansposeathreattothewhitesinemploymentB.AfricanAmericansaredependentonthetaxpaidbythewhitesC.AfricanAmericansarediscriminatedagainstbecausetheyareoftenonstrikeD.thesenseofthreatintensifiesthewhite'shospitalityanddiscriminationagainsttheAfricanAmericansTEXTD“Peoplethoughtofthemselvesashavingrightsfromcompanies,”saidHoshuaFreeman,alaborhistorianatColumbiaUniversity.ThatsenseofentitlementgrewevenstrongerintheearlydecadesafterWorldWarIIandcollectivebargainingbecamethearenaforarguingoutwages,pensions,healthinsurance,vacations,hoursandjobsecurity.Thatsystemisdisappearingtoday.Career-longattachmentstooneemployer,anotionborninthe1920's,arenolongerthe.norm.Thenewclass-consciousnessmakeslessdistinctionbetweenworkersandmanagers.Rightsarerelative,atbest.Anincreasinglyconservativeelectoratehasreducedgovernment'sroleinregulatingtheeconomy.Unionshavelostinfluenceandmembership.Whatpeopledoistrytocope,bythemselves,saidMs.Skelly,ofDYG.Self-employmentisonesolution,DYG'spollsshow,andthatisarisingtrend."Theytry,onthejob,tohideanyweaknessintheirperformance,"shesaid.“Theyworklongerhoursandtakeworkhome,withoutlettingthebossknow,togivetheimpressionthattheycandodifficulttasksquickly.Thereisnothinglike,‘weareallinthistogether.’Thereistoomuchcompetition.Peopletalkoftheirweaknesstofriendsandspouses,butnottocoworkers.”AndmanyAmericansfeelintheirheartsthattheunemploymentmightbejustified.“Thereisasenseamongpeoplethatweareinefficientandbloated,”Ms.Skellysaid.“Anduntiltheyfeelthatisnolongertrue,theyarereluctanttocriticizetheforcesthatarecuttingoutthefatandtheinefficiencies.”94.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat___________.A.peopledonotenjoytheirrightsnowadaysB.peoplearemorelikelytochangetheirjobsthantheywereinthe1920'sC.workersandmanagerssharethesamerightstodayD.nowadays,peoplerefusetotakepartintheUnion95.AccordingtoMsSkelly,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Peopleliketoworkovertime.B.Peoplewanttoworkathome.C.Peoplewanttoimpressthebosswiththeircapabilityandefficiency.D.Peopleneedhelpfromtheirfamilies,fortheycannotcopewithdifficultproblemsthemselves.96.Peoplehidetheirweaknessfrom___________.A.theirparentsB.theirwivesorhusbandsC.theirfrie