(精修版)2015年高考全国卷II(新课标)英语试题及答案解析

PAGEPAGE42015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（课标卷II）第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AMycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldn’tfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseven-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididn’tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic(静电)noise.Forsomereason,whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial,aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradully,thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow,andtogetridofit,Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork,andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles(肌肉)shakingmyset.Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesetisworkingwellnow,butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.1.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B.Hecouldn’treturnitwhenitwasbroken.C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase”signedoff”inParagraph1?A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannelsC.changedtocommercialsD.showedall-nightmovies3.HowdidtheauthorfinallygethisTVsetworkingagain?A.Byshakingandhittingit.B.Byturningitonandoff.C.Byswitchingchannels.D.Byhavingitrepaired.4.Howdoestheanthorsoundwhentellingthestory?A.CuriousB.AnxiousC.CautiousD.HumorousBYourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious（难为情）whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces-andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclock-ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.Downsizethedishs.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.5.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout_______.A.theirhomecomfortsB.theirbodyshapeC.housebuyingD.healthydiets6.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople_________.A.digestfoodbetterB.reducefoodintakeC.burnmorecaloriesD.regaintheirappetites7.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?A.Eatquickly.B.Playfastmusic.C.Usesmallerspoons.D.Turndownthelights.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetest?A.IsYourHourseMakingYouFat?B.WaysofServingDinnerC.EffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessD.IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?CMorestudentthaneverceforearetakingagap-year(间隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobecalledthe“yearoff”betweenschoolanduniversity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.C.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall___21__placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant___22__somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe____23__ofseeingthisfirsthandona___24___Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidverywellthisseasonandso__25___atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome__26___experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams__27___trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her__28___didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I__29___seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,__30___stilldefeated.Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe__31__betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey__32__fortheirSundaygame,theywere__33__different.Theyhadbeguntointegrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad__34__thedaybeforeintotheir__35__.Theyplayedaggressivelyand__36__scoredagoal.It__37__methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat__38__momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.__39__isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe__40__whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,butarecertainlymorepersonalandmeaningful,becausetheyhadtoworkthemoutontheirown.21.A.publicB.traditionalC.officialD.special22.A.passesB.worksC.liesD.ends23.A.dreamB.ideaC.habitD.chance24.A.tripB.holidayC.weekendD.square25.A.wonB.enteredC.organizedD.watched26.A.painfulB.strangeC.commonD.practical27.A.lessB.poorlyC.newlyD.better28.A.fansB.tutorsC.classD.team29.A.imaginedB.hatedC.avoidedD.missed30.A.ifB.orC.butD.as31.A.girlsB.parentsC.coachesD.viewers32.A.dressedB.showedupC.madeupD.planned33.A.slightlyB.hardlyC.basicallyD.completely34.A.seenB.knownC.heardD.read35.A.stylesB.trainingC.gameD.rules36.A.evenB.stillC.seldomD.again37.A.confusedB.struckC.remindedD.warned38.A.touchingB.thinkingC.encouragingD.learning39.A.ExperienceB.IndependenceC.CuriosityD.Interest40.A.harmfultoB.mixedwithC.differentfromD.appliedto第II卷第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房）___41___(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven___42___mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__43___(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout___44__（use）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__45___（slow）duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__46_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:__47__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__48__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__49__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__50__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.Itwasverycrowded.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsideashop.Fiveminuteslater.Tonysawparents.Momsaid,”Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”Tonypromisedherthatthiswouldneverhappenagain.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院（nursinghome）陪老人们过重阳节（theDoubleNinthFestival）。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：1.出发及返回时间；2.活动：包饺子、表演节目等。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.结语已为你写好。答案解析一、阅读理解A篇（故事类）1.C参考解析：根据第一段第四行“whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.”当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故正确答案选C。2.A参考解析：根据后一句，幸运的是，我不用整晚上看电影了，否则我不能睡觉了，故正确答案选A。3.D参考解析：根据文章最后一段，可知作者修电视机花费了62美元，故正确答案选D。4.D参考解析：推理判断题。根据开头说：没有电视节目就可以睡觉，中间还说晃动电视来锻炼肌肉，可知作者语调幽默。故正确答案选D。B篇（科普类）5.B.参考解析：根据全文第一段内容：房子对身体特征有影响，房子的设计一定程度上决定了你是长肉还是减肉，所以这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎外形的人有帮助。6.B.参考解析：根据第三段第二句话inonestudy,可知答案是reducefoodintake.减少食物的摄入。7.C.参考解析：最后一段介绍，要想少吃，要用小碗小勺，前面介绍说到，吃得快，房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。8.A参考解析：根据开头的后文可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。C篇（社会类）9.C参考解析：由短文第二段及第三段第一句话可知间隔年越来越受到欢迎，因此选C。10.A参考解析：由人名定位到短文第三段。第三段在说它的优点，有间隔年之后再去上大学，会让人更成熟有责任感，对大学的学习有帮助。根据第三段最后一句话可知选A。11.B参考解析：根据文章最后一段可知越来越多的学生会在gapyear期间被迫去挣钱。所以他对此是担忧的。12.C参考解析：根据文章最后一句话可知。D篇（广告类）13.B参考解析：根据原文TourB中Oxford：IncludedaguidedtourofEngland’soldestuniversityandcolleges判断出答案为B。14.D参考解析：根据每一部分的价格介绍：TourA到3月17日为37英镑，TourB为36英镑，TourC为37英镑，TourD为33英镑，故此选D。15.A参考解析：根据HamptonwasoncethehomeoffourKingsandoneQueen判断答案为A。二、七选五（生活类短文）16.C参考解析：考查对上下文的理解。开始训练前，买最适合、做得最好的运动鞋。17.E参考解析：考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。所以这里应该说如果穿着的感觉很好，就可以跑了。故选E。18.A参考解析：考查对上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，所以这里应该是练习一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故选A。当你找到似乎合适的鞋，为了印证确实合适，穿上它们走几天。如果（几天过后）仍然感觉不错，你就可以穿上它们跑步了。19.D参考解析：考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选D。六天之后，休息一天。20.G参考解析：考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。第三部分.英语知识运用一、完形填空（教育类）21.B参考解析：public公众的;traditional传统的;official官方的;special特别的;根据语境可知，这里提到的应该是传统教育方式。22.C参考解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.passes传递；B.works起作用；C.lies在于；D.ends结束。本句应该分析句子结构：thelearning后是定语从句youreallywant，所以这里所填的是做谓语的动词。真正想要的学习却不在上述的这些地方，在其他的地方。23.D参考解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.dream梦想；B.idea想法；C.habit习惯；D.chance机会。我有机会看到了这样的学习。24.C参考解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.trip旅行；B.holiday假期；C.weekend周末；D.square广场。从下文的周六的比赛会很艰苦和Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe31betweenSaturdayandSunday.可知，是周末发生的事。25.B参考解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.won赢；B.entered进入；参加；C.organized组织；D.watched观看。从下文可知，女儿所在的足球队打得好所以参加了锦标赛。26.A参考解析：考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.painful痛苦的；B.strange奇怪的；C.common普通的；D.practical实用的。由语境可知，对手比作者女儿的队bettertrained，可以推断这将是一场痛苦的比赛。27.D参考解析：考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.less少于；B.poorly差的；C.newly新的；D.better更好的。根据常识可知，参加锦标赛的一般都是训练更好的队伍。28.D参考解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.fans粉丝；B.tutors教练；C.class班；D.team队。根据上下文可知，是女儿所在的足球队没进球得分。29.B参考解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.imagined想象；B.hated不喜欢；C.avoided避免；D.missed想念，错过。作为家长，一般都不会喜欢看自己的孩子尽力了，又要输。30.C参考解析：考查连词以及对语境的理解。A.if如果；B.or或者；C.but但是；D.as因为。根据上文可知，没进球，自己的孩子尽力了却要输，这是作为家长所不愿意看到的。31.A参考解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.girls女孩；B.parents家长；C.coaches教练；D.viewers观众。本文一直在说女儿，当然应该是说女孩子们的变化。32.B参考解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.dressed给……穿衣服；B.showedup出现；C.madeup编造；D.planned计划。从下文可知，周日和周六的表现完全不同。33.D参考解析：考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.slightly轻微地；B.hardly几乎不；C.basically基本地；D.completely完全地；根据后面文章可知，这些孩子们表现和之前完全不同，completely符合语境。34.A参考解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.seen看；B.known知道；C.heard听到；D.read读。她们把她们所看到的球队的打法运用到自己的比赛中。35.C参考解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.styles风格；B.training训练；C.game比赛；D.rules规则。她们把前一天在赛场上看到的打法和团队精神运用到自己的赛场上。所以才和以前不同。36.A参考解析：考查对语境的理解。他们采用攻击性的踢球，甚至进了一个球。37.B参考解析：strikesb.意思是让某人突然想到，符合语境。38.D参考解析：考查对语境的理解，单词复现技巧。呼应第一段。39.A参考解析：考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.Experience经历；B.Independence独立；C.Curiosity好奇；D.Interest兴趣。结合全文的意思可知，经历是最好的老师。40.C参考解析：考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.harmfulto对……有伤害；B.mixedwith混合；C.differentfrom不同；D.appliedto应用于。亲身体验得到的东西和在学校里学到的可能不同，但是更有个性有意义。二、语法填空41.built参考解析：过去分词做定语42.the参考解析：最高级前加the43.ability参考解析：their后接名词，able名词形式ability.44.using参考解析：介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing45.slowly参考解析：副词修饰动词giveout.46.tocool参考解析：形容词加enough后接不定式。47.at参考解析：atthesametime是固定词组48.goes参考解析：根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。49.natural参考解析：形容词做定语修饰名词architects。50.how参考解析：根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。第三部分.写作一、短文改错（本文讲述了小男孩Tony和父母上街购物，街上人多，