高考英语任务型阅读

任务型阅读练习(1)Third-generationmobilephones,knownas3Garethenextbigstepforthetelecomindustry.Dataspeedin3Gnetworksismuchquickerthanthatinpresenttechnology.Thismeansuserscanhavehigh-speedInternetaccessandenjoyvideoandCD-qualitymusicontheirphones.“Mobiledataisnotadream;it,snotanoptionbutarequirement,”saidLenLauer,headofaUScommunicationscompany,SprintPCS,ata3GconferenceinBangkokearlierthismonth.With3G,youcanforgetabouttextmessagestellingyouyesterday,snews;a3Gphonecanreceivevideonewsprograms,updatedfourtimesaday.Internetaccesswillalsobemuchquicker,makingiteasiertosurftheWebonyourphonethanonyourcomputerathome.Face-to-facevideocallsDon,tworryaboutgettinglost.3Gphonesoffermapservicessoyoucanfindanewrestaurantjustbypressingafewkeysonyourhandset.However,themostimpressivepartof3Gtechnologyisvideocalling.Withlivetwo-wayvideocommunication,youcanhaveface-to-facetalkswithfriendsandfamilyonyourmobilephone.ManyEuropeancountrieshavealreadylaunchedtheservice.InMay2000theUSGovernmentissuedfivelicensetorun3Gwirelessservices,whilethefirst3GphonesarrivedinItalyinMarchthisyear.Internationaltelecomcompaniescan,twaittosell3GinChina,theworld,slargestmobiletelecommunicationsmarket.Buttheywillhavetobepatient.Atthemoment,Chinaisbusytestingits3G-basedtechnologies,networksandservices.Thiswillbefollowedbyatrialperiodbeforethephonescanfinallyhittheshops.“Weneedtocreateapoolof3Gcustomersbeforethelarge-scalecommerciallaunchoftheservice,”saidFanYunjun,marketingmanagerforBeijingMobile.“Weexpectthatthe3Glicenseswillbeissuedlatenextyear.”3GMobilePhones(71),Dataspeed：quickerthanthatin(72) technology,Videoand(73) music,Videonewsprograms：(74) fourtimesaday,Internetaccess：quickerand(75) Impressivefunctions,Offer(76) services,helpingyoufindyourway,(77)_ two-wayvideocommunication3GphonesinChina,Chinaisbusy(78) its3G-basedtechnologies,networksandservices.,3Gphonesshouldgothroughatrialperiodbeforebeingputinto(79) .,3Gphonesare(80) tobeseennextyear.SearchingforthetruthCollectingmidwritingnewsislikeresearchinginhistory：thebestinformationcomesfromthosewhowerethereatthetime.SoifwewanttostudytilehistoryofChinainthesixthcenturyAD,welookatthewritingsofthepeoplewholivedthen.Theyarecalledtheprimarysourcesbecausetheytelluswhatitwasliketolivethen.Peopleatamuchlaterdatewhowriteaboutthesameeventsarecalledthesecondarysources.Forexample,whenwereadtheoriginalwritingsofJiaSixieonagriculture,wearereadingaprimarysource;whenwereadaboutJiaSixieinourtextbookwearereadingsecondarysourcebecausethepassagewaswrittenabouthimandhisideasmanyyearsafterhedied.Whenwemakenewsweuseprimaryandsecondarysources.WecanseethismostclearlyinTVprogrammes.AswewatchthenewsonTV,thepersonpresentingtheprogrammeinthestudioisthesecondarysource(becausehetellsusaboutthenews)andthereporterin.IraqorWashingtonistheprimarysource(becauseheistellingusaboutwhatisactuallyhappeningthere).Withoutthesereportersactingasprimarysources,youwouldneverfindoutwhatreallyhappenedinawar,earthquake,sportsmeeting,concertorfestival.Thesereportersexplainwhatishappeningsowehaveaclearerideaofwhatisgoingonthere.Theyoftentakephotographerswiththemwhoactasprimarysourcebygivingpicturesofevents.Inanewspaperthepositionisdifferentbecausethesetworolesareoftencombined.Thismeansareporterwhoinvestigatesastorymaybethesamepersonwhowritesit.Ifthishappens,thereporterisboththeprimaryandthesecondarysource.Butthephotographerwhoworkswithhim/herisstillaprimary,source.Oneofthereasonsthatitisimportanttoseparateprimaryandsecondarysourcesisthattheyhelpustodecidewhatisafactandwhatisanopinion.Afactissomethingthateverybodyagreeshashappened.Anopinionissomebody'sideaofwhathappened.Sofactsandopinionsareoftenmixedinanyreport,whetherinanewspaperoronTV.Whathaveyoulearntfromtheabovepassage?PrimarySourcePrimarysourcesarethewritingofthepeoplewholivedat(71) timeandofferaninsideviewofaparticulareventSecondarysourceSecondarysourcesarethewritingsofthepeoplewhowriteaboutthesameeventsatamuchlaterdatewithexplanationandanalysis(72) onprimarysourcesNewsonTVTheTV(73) inthestudioistilesecondarysourcewhilethereporteronthe(74) istheprimarysourceNewsinanewspaperAnewspaperreportercanbebothprimaryandsecondarysourceifhecollectstheinformationantithen(75) thenews.Butthephotographer(76) withthereporterisalwaysaprimarysourceFactAfactissomethingthateverybodyagreeshashappened.Inother(77) ,itissomethingthatis(78) OpinionAnopinionissomebody'sideaofwhat(79) onConclusionPrimaryandsecondarysourcesarebothimportantfor(80) thetruth(4)WenJiabaoarrivedinSingaporeyesterdayforanofficialvisittothecountry.ItisthefirstvisitbyaChinesepremiertoSingaporeineightyears.Inthearrivalstatement,WensaidheislookingforwardtothemeetingwithSingaporeonwaystodeepenEastAsiancooperationbetweentwonationssoastocontributetothebuildingofapeaceful,harmoniousrelationship.PremierWenJiabaoandSingaporePrimeMinisterLeeHsienLoongagreedtojointlydevelopanenvironmentallyfriendlycityinnortheasternChina.Thecitywillbeamodelforsustainabledevelopment,aSingaporegovernmentstatementsaid.The“Sino-SingaporeTianjinEco-city”willbedevelopedbyajointventure(合资)formedbyChineseandSingaporecompanies.“Thiseco-city,tobebuiltinTianjin,willbecomeanotherhighlightinourrelations,”WensaidaftersigninganagreementwithLee,whoagreed,“OntheSingaporeside,onalllevels,we,llgivethisprojectourfUllsupport.”Thetwosideswillshareexpertise(技术)andexperienceinurbanplanning,environmentalprotection,resourcesconservation,recycling,useofrenewableresourcesandwastewaterre-use.China,seconomicplanningagencyissuedasetofguidelinesearlierthismonthwelcomingforeigninvestmentinenvironmentallyfriendlyareassuchasrecycling,“clean”industriesandenvironmentalprotection.Bilateral(双边的)relationsbetweenChinaandSingaporehaveseenbigprogresseventhoughthetwocountriesestablisheddiplomaticties(夕卜交关系)only17yearsago,WensaidduringhistalkswithLee.ChinaandSingaporehavealsokeptclosecontactandcoordination(协调)onregionalissues,headded.WensaidChinaandSingaporearebothimportantAsiancountriesthatsharecommoninterestsinmanyareas.Title:Wen's(71)toSingaporeMainpointsContentsMain(72) ofthevisitToco-operatewithSingaporeand(75) bilateralrelationsAgreements(73) inthevisitTobuildan(76) inTianjinwithjointeffortsTo(77) skillsandexperienceincityplanning,environmentalprotection,recyclingandsoonA(74) oftherelationsbetweentwonations(78) yearsofdiplomaticrelationsGreat(79) inrelationsClosecontactandcoordinationonregionalissuesDeepeningEastAsiancooperationbetweentwonationsThesignificanceofthevisit(80) totheestablishmentofapeaceful,harmoniousrelationshipSincethebeginningofhumanevolution,menhavemigrated(迁移)acrosscontinentsinsearchoffood,shelter,safety,andcomfortableweather.Peoplestillmoveforthesereasons,butnewreasonsforhumanmigrationarearising,suchasjobrelocation(重新安置)andoverpopulation.Threemillionmigrantsaremovingfrompoorcountriestowealthieroneseachyear,andincreasingly,theirdestinationisaneighboringcountryindevelopingpartsoftheworld.Peoplearemovingwithinthedevelopingworldforthesamereasonsastheymigratetowealthiernations.Peoplefrompoorcountriesaregoingtolesspoorcountries,fleeingwarsandconflicts.Theyarealsorespondingtopopulationpressuresbecausesomecountriesaredenselypopulated,andtheyoftenhavehighpopulationgrowth.Thosepeopleneedtogosomewhereelse.Therearethreemainreasonswhypeoplemove.Thebasiccategoriesandpercentagesareasfollows,accordingtotheCurrentPopulationSurveys(CPS):Family-relatedreasonsaccountfor26.3%,includingchangesinmarital(婚姻的)status,establishingahouseholdandotherfamilyreasons;work-relatedreasons16.2%,includingjobtransfer,retirement,andotherjob-relatedreasons;housing-relatedreasons51.6%,includingnewandbetterhouses,betterneighborhood,cheaperhousingandotherhousingreasons;theremaining5.9%ofotherreasonsareattendingcollege,thechangeofclimateandhealthreasons.Americanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestfordecadesinsearchofbetterjobopportunitiesandwarmerclimates.Theyhavealsobeenmovingtoplacesalittlefarfromcities,insearchofbiggeryardsandhouses,lowercrimeratesandbetterschools.In1950,nearlyafifthofthepopulationlivedinthenation’s20largestcities.In2006,itwasaboutoneinten.That’swhymanyAmericanpeoplesay,“BigCitiesShrinkasPeopleMoveSouth,West.”BetweenMarch2005andMarch2007,73.4millionAmericansmoved.Fifty-sixpercentofthesemoveswerewithinthesamecountry.Twentypercentwerebetweencountiesbutinthesamestate.Nineteenpercentweremovestoadifferentstate.Somefamiliesevenwentabroad.Title:Peopleonthe71Lead-inThroughouthuman72 ,peoplehavemigratedacrosscontinents.An73 numberofpeoplefrompoorcountriesaremovingto74countries,especiallyneighboringones._75forpeople'smigrationAccordingtotheCPS,the76ofpeoplemovetootherplacesforreasons77 tohousing.Americanshavelongbeenmovingsouthandwest,looking78 abetterjobchance,awarmer 79andabiggeryard,etc.ConclusionNoweveryyearmoreandmorepeoplemovetootherplaces,whichseemstohavebecomeaglobal80.Anewsetofbrainimagesshowswhy:ReadingtheRomanalphabetsandChinesecharactersusesdifferentpartsofthebrain.TheresultsalsosuggestthatChineseschoolchildrenhavereadingproblemsinadifferentpartofthebrainusedinreadingalphabet-basedlanguages.Thisshowsthatthelearningdisorderdyslexia(inabilitytoreadproperly)isnotthesameinverycultureanddoesnothaveauniversalbiologicalcause.Scientistsdescribedtheresultsas“veryimportantandrevolutionary”.Whiledyslexiahascertaincommonroots,theysaid,theynowhavesomeproofthatthiskindoffunctionalproblemworksdifferentlyaccordingtothedifferentdemandsthatWesternandEasternlanguagesplaceonthebrain.Dyslexiaisacommondevelopmentaldisorderinwhichpeopleofnormalintelligencehavedifficultylearningtoread,spellandmasterotherlanguageskills.Theresultssuggestthattreatingdyslexiaaroundtheworldprobablywillrequiredifferenttreatments.“Readingiscomplex,”saidGuinevereEden,GeorgetownUniversityprofessor.“Thisshowsweneedtobemoreopen-mindedaboutdiversetreatmentapproaches.”Itsoriginsarecomplex.Thereappearstobeageneticaspecttotheillness.Italsomayresultfrombraininjurybeforebirththatchangesvisualandhearingpathwaysinthebrain.EarlierbrainscansshowthatEnglish-readingdyslexicsdon,tfunctionproperlyinaleftpartofthebrainassociatedwiththeawarenessof44soundsfromtheEnglishalphabet.However,accordingtothenewstudy,readingChineseusessomedifferentpartsofthebrainlocatedintheleft-frontofthebrain.Itisassociatedwithsymbolinterpretation.Unlikealphabetletters,Chinesecharactersrepresententirethoughtsandphysicalobjects.DyslexiaDefinitionalearning(71) inwhichpeopleofaverageIQfindit(72) tolearntoreadandacquireotherlanguageskillsOriginsGeneticcausesorbrain(73) beforebirth,whichaffects(74)andhearingabilitiesFindingoftheearlierstudy(75) readingdyslexicsdon,tfunctionproperlyinaleftpartofthebrain

DiscoveryofthenewstudyReadingChineseusesthe(76) partofthebrainConclusionReadingRomanalphabetsandreadingChinesecharactersplacedifferent(77) onthebrain.Dyslexiaisnotthesameinevery(78) anddoesnothavethesame(79) roots.(80) Dyslexianeedstobetreatedindifferentways(7)Forcenturiespeopledreamedofgoingintospace.Thisdreambegantoseempossiblewhenhigh-flyingrocketswerebuiltintheearly1900s.In1903aRussianteachernamedKonstantinTsiolkovskyfiguredouthowtouserocketsforspacetravel.Hisplanwasthefirstoneinrocketsciencetousecorrectscientificcalculation.About30yearslater,aU.S.scientistnamedRobertGoddardbuiltthefirstrocketsthatcouldreachhighaltitudes.DuringWorldWarII,Germanscientistsbuiltlargerocketsthatcouldtravelveryfarandcarrydangerousexplosives.Afterthewar,scientistsfromGermanywenttotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUniontohelpthosecountriesbuildspacerockets.Thesetwocountriesweresoonracingtogettospacefirst.Eachofthesecountrieswantedtoprovethatitwasstrongerandmoreadvancedthantheotherone.Bothcountriesalsohadpowerfulbombs.PeopleintheUnitedStateswereworriedwhentheSovietswerefirsttolaunchaspacesatellite,whichwascalledSputnik.TheSovietswerealsofirsttosendapersonintospace.YuryGagarinorbitedtheearthintheVostokIspaceshipin1961.TheUSgovernmentsetagoalforitsspaceprogramtobethefirstcountrytoputapersonontheMoon.TheU.S.spaceprogrambuiltaseriesofApollospaceship.ThesevehicleswerepoweredbyhugeSaturn5rockets.In1969ApolloIItookthreementothemoonsuccessfully.NellArmstrongbecamethefirstpersontowalkontheMoon.TheSovietsmayhavelosttheracetoflypeopletotheMoon,buttheybuiltthefirstspacestationin1971.TheUnitedStatesalsobuiltaspacestation.Thespacestationsallowedpeopletoliveandworkinspace.ThentheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatescooperatedtohooktwospaceshipstogetherinspace.Thisactionendedthe"spacerace".Todayamuchlargerspacestation,builtbyseveralcountriestogether,orbitsEarth.Anothernewwaytogotospaceisbyspaceshuttle.Aspaceshuttle,firstmadeintheUnitedStatesin1981,lookslikeanairplane.Astronautswhoflyspaceshipshaveusedshuttlestohelpputsatellitesintospace.HistoryofspacetravelTimeEventsInformationconcernedEarly1900sHigh-flyingrocketswerebuilt.Itmadetheancientdreamofgoingtospacepossibletocome71)▲1903KonstantinTsiolkovsky(72)▲awaytouserocketsforspacetravel.Heplannedtoputcorrectscientificcalculationtouseinrocketscience.Around(73)▲RobertGoddardbuiltnewrockets.Therocketscouldflyvery(74)▲inthesky.DuringandafterWorldWarIIGermanscientistsbuiltlargerocketsthatcouldtravelveryfarandcarrydangerousexplosives.Germanywasaheadofalltheothercountriesinbuildingspacerocketsandlateritevenoffered(75)▲totheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatesTheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatescompetedtogettospacefirst.TheSovietUnionbecamethe(76)▲oftheracewhenitlaunchedthefirstsatelliteandsentthefirstastronautintospace.1969TheUnitedStates(77)▲inputtingapersononthemoon.Inoneway,it(78)▲theSovietUnionbybecomingthefirstcountrytoflypeopletothemoon.1970sTheSovietsbuiltthefirstspacestationandwassoonfollowedbyAmericans.Andtheyfinallyendedthe"spacerace"by(79)▲Astronautscanliveandworkinspacestations.1980s--Spaceshuttlesareusedasnewvehiclesforspace(80)▲ .Shuttlesarealsousedtohelpputsatellitesintospace.(8)RobotrevolutionThedaythatarobotwakesyouup,cleansyourroomandwalksyourdogmightstillbeafewdecadesoff.Butincreasingly,engineersaresayingthatrobotsaregoingtomaketheleapfromthefactoryfloortoyourfamilyroom.CompanieslikeSonyandGeneralElectricareworkingondesignsforsmallrobots.ProductsliketheRoomba,arobotthatcancleanfloors,areflyingofftheshelves.OnthecoverofarecentissueofScientificAmericanmagazine,BillGatespredictedthe“DawnoftheAgeofRobots”.What,sbehindthisnewera(时代)？It,spartlyamatteroftechnology.Devicesthatcanrecognizeandrespondtoahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.Therearenowafewdifferentwaysforrobotstomovearound.Theycanwalk,crawlorrideonwheels.Theyarebeingmadesmallerandsmaller.Theyarealsobecomingmoreandmoreenergyefficient.Abiggerpartofthestoryisonthedemandside.FromthedayRobertAdlerinventedthetelevisionremotecontrolinthe1950s,peoplearoundtheworldhavetirelesslysearchedforwaystogetlazier.Alsotakeintoconsiderationtheincreasingwealthofrichpeople,thetimeappearsripetointroducerobotstoeaseourdailylives.Tobesure,robotsthatwalkontwolegsandtalklikepeoplearestilltoocomplexforourpresentengineeringabilities.Today,srobotrevolutionistomakethemforeverydayuse.Robotswilldobasichouseworksuchascleaningorgardening,orjusthelpyouhavemorefunonthebasketballcourt.Whatmakesarobotdifferentfromanordinarycleaningmachineisnotthepresenceofcomputerchips(芯片).Nowadaysevenyourmicrowavehasacomputerchip.Itistheabilitytosenseandmakechangestotheenvironmentinrealtime.Forexample,afloor-cleaningrobotshouldbeabletosenseyourscaredcatandmoveoutoftheway.Today'scomputingabilityis,forthefirsttime,abletomakemachinesthatcould“think”,atleastincertainlimitedways.RobotRevolutionWhattoday,srobotcandoWhat(75) robotmaydo*recognizeand(71) toyour*talklikepeoplevoice*senseandmakesomechangestothe大workinthe(72) (76) 大(77) yourdog大movearound,likewalkingor大(78) yourfloor(73) onwheels大(79) 大thinkinsomelimited(74) youup大(80) youonthebasketballcourtD.R.GaulMiddleSchoolisinUnion,Maine,ablueberry-farmingtownwherethesummerfairfindskidscompetinginpigscramblesandpie-eatingcontests.Gaul,withabout170seventh-andeighth-graders,hasitsownhistoryoflowerlevelacademicachievement.Onelikelyreason:Educationbeyondthebasicrequirementshasn'talwaysbeenatoppriorityforfamilieswho'veworkedthesamelandforgenerations.Here,fewadultshavecollegedegrees,andoutsiders(teachersincluded)areoftenkeptatarespectfuldistance.Since2002,Gaul'sstudentshavebeendividedintofourclasses,eachofthemtaughtalmosteverysubjectbytwoteachers.Thegoal:Tofindcommonthreadsacrossdisciplinestohelpstudentscreateabigpicturethatgivesfreshmeaningandcontexttotheirclasswork--andsparksmotivationforlearning.Workingwithinstateguidelines,eachteammakesitsindividualschedulesandlessonplans,incorporatingnon-textbookliterature,hands-onlabworkandfieldtrips.IfstudentsarecoveringtheCivilWarinsocialstudies,they'rereadingTheRedBadgeofCourageorsomeotherperiodliteratureinEnglishclass.Inscience,theystudythevirusesandbacteriathatcausedmanydeathsinthewar.Teamteachingisn'tunusual.About77percentofmiddleschoolsnowemploysomeformofit,saysJohnLounsbury,consultingeditorfortheNationalMiddleSchoolAssociation.Butmostschoolsusefour-orfive-personteams,whichGaultriedbeforeconsideringtwo-personteamsmoreeffective.Gaulsupportstheteamconceptby"looping"classes(星艮班)sothatthesametwoteachersstickwiththesameteensthroughseventhandeighthgrades.Combiningteamsandloopingcreatesanextremelystrongbondbetweenteacherandstudent.Italso,saysteacherBethAhlholm,"allowsustobuildanexcellentrelationshipwithparents."AhlholmandteammateMadelonKellyarefullyawarehowmanyglazedlookstheyseeintheclassroom,buttheyknow72percentoftheireighth-gradersmetMaine'sreadingstandardlastyear--doublethestatewideaverage.Only31percentmetthemathstandard,stillbetterthanthestateaverage(21percent).Theirstudentsalsobeatthestateaverageinwritingandscience.Andin2006,Gaulwasoneof47schoolsinthestatetoseetestinggainsofatleast20percentinfourofthepreviousfiveyears,coincidingroughlywithteamteaching'sarrival.AClassroomWithContextProblemsoftheBeingafarmingtown,it(71) littleineducationbefore.school(72) educationisconsideredlessimportant.Thecommunityisrelatively(73) ratherthanopentotheoutsiders.WaysofsolvingThedivisionofclassesismadeandstudentsarewell(74) .theproblemsIndividualschedulesandlessonplansare(75)byeachteam.Astrong(76) betweenteacherandstudentisestablishedthroughcombiningteamsandlooping.Signsof72percentoftheeighth-graders(78) Maine'sreadingstandard(77)—(79)percenthigherthanthestateaverageinmathstheschoolbeatingthestateaverageinwritingandsciencefourofthepreviousfiveyears(80)atleast20percenttestgainsTherearesomeverygoodthingsaboutopeneducation.Thiswayofteachingallowsthestudentstodeveloptheirowninterestsinmanysubjects.Openeducationallowsstudentstoberesponsiblefortheirowneducation.Somestudentsdobadlyintraditionalclassrooms.Theopenclassroommayallowthemtoenjoylearning.Somestudentswillbehappierinanopeneducationschool.Theywillnothavetoworryaboutgradesorrules.Butmanystudentswillnotdowellinanopenclassroom.Forsomestudents,therearetoofewrules.Thesestudentswilldolittleinschool.Theywillnotmakegooduseofopeneducation.Becauseopeneducationissodifferentfromtraditionaleducation,thesestudentsmayhaveaproblemofgettingusedtomakingsomanychoices.Formanystudentsitisimportanttohavesomerulesintheclassroom.Theyworryabouttherulesevenwhentherearenorules.Evenafewruleswillhelpthiskindofstudents.Thelastpointaboutopeneducationisthatsometraditionalteachersdonotlikeit.Manyteachersdonotbelieveinopeneducation.Teacherswhowanttohaveanopenclassroommayhavemanyproblemsattheirschool.Younowknowwhatopeneducationis.Someofitsgoodpointsandbadpointshavebeenexplained.Youmayhaveyourownopinionaboutopeneducation.Thewriterthinksthatopeneducationisagoodidea,butonlyintheory.Inactualfact,itmaynotworkverywellinarealclassorschool.Thewriterbelievesthatmoststudents,butofcoursenotallstudents,wantsomestructureintheirclasses.Theywantandneedtohavesomerules.Insomecases,theymustbemadetostudysomesubjects.Manystudentsarepleasedtofindsubjectstheyhavetostudyinteresting.Theywouldnotstudythosesubjectsiftheydidnothaveto.Title:OpenEducationDefinitionOpeneducationisawayofteachingwhichallowsstudentstolearnwhattheyare(72) inwithoutmanyrules.Advantages♦Openeducationenablesstudentstorealizetheyarelearningfor,notforothers.Inopenclassrooms,manystudentsdon,tneedtobe(74) ofgradesorrules.Somestudentsfind(75) happinessinopenclassroomscomparedwithtraditionalclassrooms.DisadvantagesManystudentscannotprovethemselvesas(76) inopenclassroomsasintraditionalclassrooms.Therearesomanychoicesforstudentsto(77) thattheycan'tuseopeneducationproperly.Someteachersarenotin(78) ofsuchwayofteachingThewriter's(71)toopeneducationOpeneducationisjust(79) ,butinarealclassorschoolitisnotsogood.The(80) ofstudentswantsomestructureintheirclasses.(12)Intensephysicalexerciseisnottheonlywaytobetterhealth.Studiesshowthatwalkingseveraltimesaweekcanlowertheriskofmanydiseases.Theyincludeheartdisease,stroke,diabetes,boneloss,arthritis关节炎),anddepression.Walkingalsocanhelpyouloseweight.Fastwalkingisgoodfortheheart.Itlowersthebloodpressure.Itraisestheamountofgoodcholesterol(月旦固醇)intheblood.Researcherssaywalkingcansharplyreducetheriskofsufferingaheartattack.Studieshavealsoshownthatwalkingfor30minutesadaycandelayandpossiblypreventthedevelopmentofdiabetes.Peoplewhoareoverweighthaveanespeciallyhighrisktodevelopthisdisease.Walkingstrengthensthemusclesandbuildsupthebonesthattheyareattachedto.Studiesshowthatwalkingcoulddecreasetheriskofdevelopingosteoporosis(骨质疏松症).Walkingcanalsohelpeasethepainofarthritisinareaswherebonesarejoined.Thisisbecausewalkingstrengthensthemusclesaroundthebones.Expertssaywalkingisoneofthesafestwaystoexercise.Thereisalowriskofinjuries.Soitisgoodforpeoplewhoarestartinganexerciseprogramforthefirsttimeandforolderpeople.Awalkingprogramiseasytostart.Youshouldwearlooseclothesandgoodshoes.Thereareshoesthataredesignedespeciallyforlotsofwalking.Howfastshouldyouwalk?Forthebesteffect,doctorssayyoushouldwalkfastenoughtocauseyoutobreathehard.Yetyoushouldstillbeabletotalk.Letyourarmsmovefreelywhileyouwalk.Therearenorulestostartingawalkingprogram.Youmightwalkshortdistances.Oryoumightwalkuphillstostrengthenyourlegmuscles.Healthexpertssayyoucangainthemostfromawalkingprogramifyouwalkataboutfivekilometersanhourfor30minutesaday.Youshoulddothisaboutfivetimesaweek.Walkingto(71) fit(72) ofwalkingSuperioritiestootherexercisesTipstowalkersReducingtheriskofaheartattack,loweringthebloodpressure,raisinggoodcholesterolBeing(75) thanmanyotherwaysofexercise,especiallyforbeginnersor(76)Wearlooseclothesandgoodshoes.Walkfastenoughtocauseyoutobreathewith(78) butstillabletotalk.Controllingthedevelopmentofdiabetes,helpingyou(73) weightWalkwithyourarms(79) freely.Decreasingtheriskofosteoporosisandarthritis,strengtheningthemuscles•(74) upthebonesBeingeasytostart(77) rulesWalkata(80) ofabout5kilometersanhourfor30minutesadayand5timesaweek.Loweringtheriskofotherdiseases,suchasstroke,depressionandetc.(13)Asmartcardisacardthatiscarriedwitheitheramicroprocessorandamemorychiporonlyamemorychipthatisnotprogrammable.Themicroprocessorcardcanadd.delete,anddealwiththeinformationonthecard,whileamemory-chipcardcano