2020新牛津译林版高中英语第一册Unit-1课文基础知识导学

2020新牛津译林版高中英语第一册Unit1课文知识导学一、词汇派生根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．thinkv．思考，考虑→thinkingn．思维，思想；想法2．advancen．进步，进展；前进，行进vt.&vi.发展，进步→advancedadj.高级的，先进的→advancementn．发展3．amazevt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→amazedadj.感到吃惊的→amazementn．惊讶；惊奇4．improvevt.&vi.改进，改善→improvementn．改进，改善5．independentadj.自主的，有主见的；自立的→independencen.独立；自主→independentlyadv.独立地；自主地；自力地二、一词多义1．equaladj.相同的，相等的；平等的；相当的，能胜任的n．同等的人(物)vt.与……相等；比得上①Thereisanequalnumberofboysandgirlsintheclass. 相同的，相等的②Thecompanyhasanequalopportunitiespolicy. 平等的③I'mnotsurehe'sequaltothetask. 能胜任的2．charactern．品质，性格；特点，特征；人物，角色；文字①OpennessisattheheartoftheAmericancharacter. 品质，性格②Inthestory，themaincharacterhaslefthisgirlfriendandbaby.人物，角色③Thewholecharacteroftheschoolhaschanged. 特点，特征④HisforeignfriendsareinterestedinourChinesecharacters. 文字三、要点直击WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)challengen．&vt.挑战；质疑(教材P2)Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges：anewenvironment，newknowledgeandnewwaysofthinking.摆在你们面前的道路将通向一个充满挑战的世界：新的环境、新的知识和新的思维方式。[例1]Thecompanyisreadytomeetthechallengesofthenextfewyears.公司已准备好迎接今后几年的挑战。[例2]ThePresidentfacesastrongchallengefromnationalists.总统面临民族主义者的强烈质疑。[造句]学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。Schoolsmustmeetthechallengeofnewtechnology.[归纳拓展]challengesb.todosth. 要求/激励某人做某事challengingadj. 挑战性的；挑起争论的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Wewerechallenged(challenge)bypoliceattheborder.②Shedoesnotlikeanyonechallenging(challenge)herauthority.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)riseto能够处理，有能力处理(突发情况、问题等)(教材P2)Whenyourisetothechallenges，youwillhavetheopportunitytoacquiregreatknowledgeandenjoypersonalgrowth.当你们能够迎接这些挑战的时候，你们就有机会获得丰富的知识并享受个人成长的乐趣。[例1]Luckily，mymotherrosetotheoccasion.幸好当时我母亲挺身而。[例2]ThenewGermanymustrisetothechallengeofitsenhancedresponsibilities.一个崭新的德国必须迎接挑战，承担更多的责任。[造句]他决心克服困难迎接挑战。Hewasdeterminedtorisetothechallenge.[归纳拓展]riseabovesth. 克服(障碍)；超越(限制)giverisetosth. 使发生(或存在)rise(insth.) (数量或水平的)增加，提高rise(fromsth.) 复活[即学即练]单句语法填空①Shehadthecourageanddeterminationtoriseaboveherphysicaldisability.②Thenovel'ssuccessgaverisetoanumberofsequels.③Therehasbeenasharpriseinthenumberofpeopleoutofwork.④Cananewpartyrisefromtheashesoftheoldone?eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的(教材P3)Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate，whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop!谁知道你会创作出多么美丽的艺术品，你会取得多么大的医学进展，你会开发出多么惊人的技术！[例1]It'samazingwhatwecanrememberwithalittleprompting.只需一点提示我们就能想起很多东西真是令人吃惊。[例2]Butwhatwasevenmoreamazingwastheaudience.然而更令我们惊异的竟是那些观众们。[造句]这是惊人的，几乎每首诗我都喜欢。ItwasamazingthatIlovedalmosteverypoem.[归纳拓展](1)amazevt. 使吃惊；惊讶(2)amazedadj. 惊奇的；惊讶的beamazedatsth. 对某事感到惊讶beamazedtodosth. 因做某事而感到惊讶(3)amazementn. 惊讶，吃惊；惊异inamazement 惊奇地toone'samazement 令某人惊讶的是[名师点津](1)以­ing结尾的形容词常表示主动关系或特性，一般用来说明事或物，意为“令人……的”。(2)以­ed结尾的形容词常用来修饰人，表示人的心理状态，意为“感到……的”。有时也可修饰表情和声音。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Tomwasamazed(amaze)atthegirl'scalmnessandquickmind.②Iamamazedtosee(see)hergreatprogressinstudies.③Shewasamazed(amaze)howlittlehehadchanged.④Shelookedathiminamazement.[小片段助记]IwasamazedtoseeBoltbreaktheworldrecordatanamazingspeedof9.58secondsinthe100metersrace.WhenItoldmyclassmateaboutit，heshoutedinamazement.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)(教材P3)Thepossibilitiesareendless，andIhaveconfidenceinyourabilitytomakeadifferencetoyourfamily，toyourcommunityandtoourcountry.可能性是无限的，我相信你的能力会对你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家有影响。(1)confidencen．信心，信任；把握[例1]Theplayersallhaveconfidenceintheircoach.队员都信赖他们的教练。[例2]Heexpressedhisconfidencethattheywouldwin.他表示了自己的信心：他们必定取胜。[造句]我花了很长的时间才赢得她的信任。Ittookmealongtimetogainherconfidence.[归纳拓展](1)haveconfidencein/that... 对……有信心withconfidence 肯定地；有把握地(2)confidentadj. 自信的；确信的beconfidentinsth. 对某事有信心beconfidentabout/of(doing)sth. 对(做)某事有把握beconfidentthat... 确信……；肯定……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Comparedwiththem，wearemoreconfident(confidence)insuccess.②Freddywasveryconfidentabout/ofhissinging.③Heisconfidentofpassing(pass)thedrivingtest.④Heplayswithconfidence；asaresult，everygameheimprovesalot.(2)makeadifference有影响，起作用[例1]Whateveryouchoosetodo，itwillmakeadifference.无论你选择做什么，都会产生一定的影响。[例2]Whereyoulivecanmakesuchadifferencetothewayyoufeel.你居住的位置会对你的感觉产生很大的影响。[造句]上午或下午都行。我无所谓。Morningorafternoon.Itmakesnodifferencetome.[归纳拓展]makeabig/agreatdealof/alotofdifference(tosb./sth.) (对某人/某事)有很大的影响(作用)；很重要makenodifference(tosb./sth.) (对某人/某事)没有影响；没有作用makesomedifference 有些作用(关系、影响)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theraindidn'tmakealotofdifferencetothegame.②Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetherhegoesornot.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)makethemostof充分利用，尽情享受(教材P3)Tofullyrealizeyourpotential，itisimportantforyoutomakethemostofourschoolresources.为了充分发挥你们的潜能，你们必须充分利用我们学校的资源。[例1]Theysimplymakethemostofeverythingtheydohave.他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的一切。[例2]Weshouldtrytomakethemostofourstayhere.我们要尽量利用我们在这里待的这段时间。[造句]你是如何充分利用你的时间的？Howdoyoumakethemostofyourtime?[归纳拓展]makeuseof 利用；使用makegood/full/littleuseof 好好/充分/不充分利用makethebestof 充分利用[即学即练]单句语法填空①Shereallytriestomakethemost(much)ofherselfbydressingwell.②Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.③Nowthatyouhavegotthechance，youshouldmakethemostofit.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)balancevt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性n．均衡，平衡；平衡能力(教材P3)Carefullyplanyourstudy，setcleargoalsandbalanceyourschoolworkwithotheractivities.仔细安排你的学习，设定明确的目标，平衡你的学业和其他活动。[例1]Youhavetobalancetheadvantagesoflivinginabigcityagainstthedisadvantages.你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。[例2]Ifoundithardtokeepmybalanceontheicypath.我发现在结冰的路面上行走很难保持平衡。[造句]他失去平衡，从自行车上摔了下来。Helosthisbalanceandfelloffhisbicycle.[归纳拓展](1)keepone'sbalance 保持平衡loseone'sbalance 失去平衡outofbalance 不平衡(2)balancedadj. 平稳的；安定的；和谐的keepabalanceddiet 保持均衡饮食(3)balanceAwith/andB 使A和B处于平衡状态[即学即练]单句语法填空①Keepingabalanced(balance)dietisimportanttoourhealth.②Itisnoteasyforawomantobalancehercareerand/withfamily.③Sinceteenagershavedifficultybalancing(balance)theseneeds，theyoftenquestionwhotheyareandhowtheyfitinsociety.[图形助记]SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)can'twaittodo句式(教材P2)Ican'twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.我迫不及待地要向你们描述一下高中生活是什么样子的。句式分析：can'twaittodosth.表示“迫不及待做某事”。[例1]Thewomancan'twaittoseeherson.这个女人迫不及待地想见到儿子。[例2]Icouldnotwaittoseethisfilmatthetime.当时我迫不及待地想看这部电影。[造句]我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！Wecannotwaittoseethem![归纳拓展]表示“迫不及待地做某事”的表达还有：canhardlywaittodosth.canhardlywaitforsth.cannotwaitforsth.[翻译1]Shecouldn'twaittoknow(迫不及待地想知道)theexamresultyesterday.[翻译2]Theyoungmancanhardlywaittoeatsomething(迫不及待地要吃东西)afterhiswork.[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ican'twaittomeet(meet)myoldclassmates.②Icanhardlywaitforyouranswer.③Thechildcanhardly(hard)waittogohomeafterclass.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)“表语＋系动词＋主语”倒装句式(教材P3)Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits，usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。句式分析：本句为完全倒装句。作表语的介词短语Ofequalimportance位于句子开头，整句进行了全部倒装。正常语序为Yourgoodstudyhabits，usefulskillsandpositiveattitudesareofequalimportance.[例1]Inthemiddleofthehallwasstandingatallyoungman.在大厅中央站着一个高个子的年轻人。[例2]Amongtheguestsisthepersonyouarelookingfor.你找的那个人就在客人当中。[造句]窗户旁边是一位悲伤的母亲。Nearthewindowisasadmother.[归纳拓展]需要完全倒装的情况：(1)当作表语的“介词短语/形容词/分词”置于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，构成“表语(介词短语/形容词/分词)＋连系动词＋主语”结构。(2)表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时，常见的介词有：among，between，in，at，beneath等，句子要用全部倒装。(3)表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over，there，now，then，here等放在句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，要全部倒装。[翻译1]Herecomesthebus(汽车来了)．[翻译2]Infrontofourschoolstands(我们学校前面矗立着)atower.[即学即练]单句语法填空①Sittinginthehallwere(be)thetwoastronautswhowereveryyoung.②Herecomes(come)agoodchancethatyoucanuseyoursummervacationtogoonstudytours.四、长难句分析1．(教材P3)Putsimply，potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.[分析]此句为主从复合句，其中thatcanbedeveloped为关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词ability；when引导时间状语从句。[译文]简而言之，潜能是你与生俱来的能力，当你足够努力时，潜能就能得到开发。2．(教材P3)Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate，whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop![分析]此句为主从复合句，其中or连接三个表示选择关系的并列的由what引导的宾语从句。[译文]谁知道你会创作出多么美丽的艺术品，你会取得多么大的医学进展，你会开发出多么惊人的技术！五、链接高考教材高考1.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges：anewenvironment，newknowledgeandnewwaysofthinking.(2019·江苏卷)Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge，especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra­largeskull.2.Whoknowswhatbeautifulworksofartyouwillcreate，whatmedicaladvancesyouwillmakeorwhatamazingtechnologiesyouwilldevelop！(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology...3.Ofequalimportancearegoodstudyhabits，usefulskillsandapositiveattitude.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision？六、实战演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theyareunlikelytohavechangedtheirthinking(think)sosoon.2．Thepubwasfullofcolorfullocalcharacters(character)．3．It'samazing(amaze)howquicklypeopleadapttotheenvironment.4．Thisjobcouldbedoneequally(equal)wellbyacomputer.5．Shenearlylosther(she)balanceasthebussuddenlymovedforward.6．Oneofmygoals(goal)istogettheteamtothefinals.7．Theyheldhimresponsibleforthefailureoftheplan.8．Thereisstillroomforimprovement(improve)inyourwork.9．Theteachershouldtreateachpupilasanindividual.10．Goingawaytocollegehasmadememuchmoreindependent(dependent)．Ⅱ.短语填空beresponsiblefor；makeagreatdifference；liein；makethemostof；lastbutnotleast；intime；takeadvantageof1．WeshouldmakethemostoftheInternet.2．Afalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference．3．Yourproblemliesinlackingefficientmethods.4．Lastbutnotleas