2019年英语新外研选修七讲义Module5SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

SectionⅡIntroduction&Reading—LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.ethnicadj.种族的；民族的2.nativeadj.出生地的；土生土长的3.runv.控制；管理4.propertyn.财产5.customn.风俗，习惯，传统Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.minorityn．少数民族→minoradj.较小的→majorityn．大多数→majoradj.主要的2.diverseadj.完全不同的；各不相同的(from)→diversityn．多样性→diversifyv．使……多样化3.variedadj.各种各样的；形形色色的→varyv．变化→varietyn．种类；多样化→variousadj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的4.inheritv．继承→inheritancen．继承物；遗产1.ethnicadj.种族的；民族的[词块]ethnicconflict种族/民族冲突[联想]①racen．种族，人种，血统②racismn．种族主义2.nativeadj.出生地的；土生土长的[词块]①nativelanguage本族语；母语②nativecountry祖国③nativeland故乡3.runv．(ran,run)控制；管理[联想]①operatev．经营，运转②managev．管理，经营[词块]①runahotel/store经营一家旅馆/商店②runabusiness管理企业4.propertyn．财产[近义]①fortunen．财产②wealthn．财富③treasuren．财富；珠宝二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.behometo是……的家园/栖息地2.inuse在使用3.asif好像4.putaspellon对……施魔咒5.getlostin迷失在……，陷入到……6.takeplace发生，举行1.leaveuniversity大学毕业2.runthroughthecity流经这个城市3.walkbackintothepast走回到过去4.over100yearsold一百多岁5.onedayleft剩下的一天6.allthesame都一样三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisthe5,500metreYulongXueshanMountain古城依山而建，对面是海拔5500米的玉龙雪山，山顶白雪皑皑。“名词＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构，cover与itspeak是逻辑上的动宾关系。Allhermoneyspent,shehadtoborrowsomefromherfriends.她的钱全花完了，她不得不从朋友那里借一些。2.TheskyisclearblueandIdon'tthinkI'veeverseenanythingelsesobeautifulinmylife.这里的天空碧蓝如洗，我认为我一生从未见过如此的美景。句中“don't...ever...so...”结构表示最高级意义。Idon'tthinkI'veeverseensothrillingamovie.我认为我从没看过那么惊险的电影。3.Forexample,itisthewomenwhorunNaxisociety,anduntilrecently,Naxiwomeninheritedallproperty.例如，管理纳西族社会的是妇女，而且直到近来还是由纳西族的妇女来继承全部财产。Itis...who...为强调句型，主语thewomen是被强调的部分。Itisparentswhoshouldberesponsiblefortheirchildren'sbehaviors.父母应该为自己孩子的行为负责。4.Howeverdifferentwemayappeartobeatfirst,weareallthesame,allequal.无论起初我们看上去有多么不同，然而我们本质上是一样的，每个人都是平等的。however“无论怎样，不管怎样”，引导让步状语从句。HowevercarefullyIexplained,hestilldidn'tunderstand.无论我解释得多么仔细，他还是没弄懂。1．(教材P57)hometo25ethnicminorities,mostdiverseregionofChina25个少数民族的居住地，中国民族最多样化的地区minorityn．少数民族；少数派；少数(1)beinthe/aminority占少数a/theminorityof少数的(2)majorityn.大多数beinthe/amajority占多数a/themajorityof多数的by/withamajority以多数①We'reintheminority;morepeopleareagainstusthanwithus.赞成我们的居少数；我们成了少数派。②OnlyaminorityofAmericanhouseholdsdonothaveacar.美国只有少数家庭没有汽车。③Theminorityofthepopulationinthecountrylives/liveincities.该国一小部分人口住在城市里。[名师点津]the/amajorityof＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；the/amajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。2．(教材P57)nativeadj.出生地的；土生土长的n.[C]本地人；土生土长的动/植物benativeto(指动植物)原产于某地anativeof……特有的……①Heisquitefamiliarwiththecitybecauseheisanativeofit.他对这个城市很熟悉，因为他是本地人。②It'ssaidthatthetigerisnativetoIndia.据说这种老虎原产于印度。③Asweallknow,thepandaisanativeofChina.众所周知，熊猫是中国特有的动物。3．(教材P58)I'vebeeninYunnanfortwomonthsnowandI'mstillastonishedbyhowvariedthelandscapeis.现在我来云南已经两个月了，这里多姿多彩的风景仍然令我惊讶不已。variedadj.各种各样的；形形色色的(1)varyv．变化，使不同varyin在……方面变化varywith随着……的变化而变化varyfrom...to...从……变化到……(2)varietyn.种类；多样化eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(avarietyof,varietiesof))各种各样的①Thecolouroftheleavesvarieswithseason.叶子的颜色随着季节的变化而变化。②Thepricesvaryfromseasontoseason.价格随季节变化而有所不同。③Thereusedtobeavarietyof/varietiesoffoodsatchoiceinthatcafeteria.那家自助餐馆以前有各种各样的食品可供选择。4．(教材P58)Forexample,itisthewomenwhorunNaxisociety,anduntilrecently,Naxiwomeninheritedallproperty.例如，管理纳西族社会的是妇女，而且直到近来还是由纳西族的妇女来继承全部财产。runv．控制；管理，经营；运转；跑，奔跑；行驶；延伸；流淌，流动[一词多义]写出下列句中run的含义①Themachinerunssmoothly.运转②Theyranthekindergartenextremelywell.经营③Tearsrandownhercheeksasshetoldusabouthersufferings.流淌④BusestoOxfordruneveryfiveminutes.行驶⑤Theroadrunsparalleltotheriver.延伸⑥Theyturnedandranwhentheysawuscoming.跑runafter追赶某人；追逐某物runawayfrom逃离；逃避runacross偶然遇见runinto遇到；撞上；遇到(困难)runout(指供应品)花光，用完；耗尽；结束runoutof(指人)用完；耗尽(供应品)runover碾过⑦IranacrossDavidwhilewalkingalongthestreetyesterday.Ihadn'tseenhimforthreeyears.昨天我在街上走着时偶然遇见了戴维。我三年没见到他了。⑧WehavealreadyrunoutofourmoneyandIdon'tknowwhattodonext.我们的钱已经用完了，我不知道下一步该怎么办。5．(教材P58)Theyhavethecustomofplayingcardsoncardtablesinthemiddleofthestreet.她们有着在街道当中的牌桌上打牌的习俗。customn．风俗，习惯，传统thecustomofdoingsth.做……的风俗习惯follow/keepupacustom遵守习俗breakacustom打破习俗Itisthecustom(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是一种风俗(习惯)①InFranceitisthecustomtoshakehandswithpeopleintheofficeeverymorning.在法国每天早上在办公室里和人握手是一种习俗。②Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms(custom)．他们打破了一些旧的风俗习惯。[名师点津]customs不一定就是custom的复数形式，也表示“海关，关税”。③Shewasstoppedatcustomsandquestioned.她在海关被叫住并接受询问。[辨析比较]custom,habit,practicecustom一般指整个社会、民族、宗教、部落等在长时间内形成的风俗、习惯，偶尔也指个人的习惯habit一般指个人的习惯行为practice指习惯做法、惯例选用上述单词填空④Hehasahabitofclosinghiseyeswhenhetellsastory.⑤ItisapracticeinBritaintodriveontheleft.⑥Thiscustomhasbeenhandeddownsincethe18thcentury.6．(教材P59)TheNaxilanguageistheonlyhieroglyphiclanguagestillinuseandisover1,000yearsold.纳西语是唯一仍在使用的象形文字，已有一千多年的历史了。inuse在使用，在应用beoutofuse不再使用beof(no)use有用(没用)的comeintouse开始使用put...touse使用makegood/fulluseof好好/充分利用It'snousedoing...做……是无用的①Oncethenewtechnologycomesintouse,wecansurftheInternetatamuchhigherspeed.一旦这一新技术开始使用，我们就可以以比现在快得多的速度在网上冲浪了。②IcanmakefulluseoftheprofessionalexperienceIhaveobtained.我可以充分利用自己已有的专业经验。③It'snousepraying(pray)fortheweathertochange.祈祷天气转变是徒劳的。1．Theoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisthe5,500metreYulongXueshan古城依山而建，对面是海拔5500米的玉龙雪山，山顶白雪皑皑。句中itspeakcoveredwithsnow是由“名词＋过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。由于cover与itspeak是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以cover用过去分词形式。itspeakcoveredwithsnow相当于with复合结构“withitspeakcoveredwithsnow”或定语从句“whosepeakiscoveredwithsnow”。①Hisleftlegbroken,hecouldn'tplayfootballontheweekend.他左腿骨折，周末不能踢足球了。独立主格结构常在句中作状语，表示原因、条件或伴随情况等。其主要形式还有：(1)名词或代词＋现在分词(名词或代词与动词之间为主谓关系)②Timepermitting(permit),wewillgooutforaholiday.如果时间允许，我们会出去度假。(2)名词或代词＋不定式(表示未发生的动作)③Isendyoutodayfourfifthsofthesum,theresttofollow(follow)inamonth.我今天付给你这笔款项的五分之四，其余的一个月后给你。(3)名词或代词＋介词短语④Fathercamebackhomehappily,cakeinhand.爸爸高兴地回到家，手里捧着蛋糕。(4)名词或代词＋(being)＋形容词或副词⑤Themeetingover,everyonetriedtogohomeearlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。(5)therebe的独立主格结构为therebeing⑥Therebeing(be)nobuses,hehadtotakeataxitoreturnhome.因为没有公共汽车，他不得不搭出租车回家。[名师点津](1)独立主格结构中的逻辑主语是人称代词时，一定要用主格，而不能用宾格；(2)独立主格结构的逻辑主语和主句之间的主语不能是同一人或物。2．TheskyisclearblueandIdon'tthinkI'veeverseenanythingelsesobeautifulinmylife.这里的天空碧蓝如洗，我认为我一生从未见过如此的美景。句中“don't...ever...so...”结构表示最高级意义。表示最高级意义的结构还有：(1)完成时＋never＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋adj./adv.,so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.,such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.))①Ihavenevermetsuchakind­heartedpersonbefore.我从来没有遇到过这么好心的人。(2)否定词＋so...as...②Nooneissodeafasthosewhowon'tlisten.最聋者莫过于不听劝说的人。(3)eq\a\vs4\al(比较级＋,than＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋单数名词,alltheother＋复数名词,anyoneelse/anyoftheother＋复数名词,therestof＋复数名词或不可数名词))③Hestudiesharder(hard)thananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比班上其他任何学生学习都要刻苦。(4)否定词＋比较级(＋than...)④Hehasneverspentamoreworrying(worrying)day.他度过了最担心的一天。⑤Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.一个人为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．One­thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensare(be)blackpeople.2．It'snousecomplaining(complain)withouttakingaction.3．Herglassbroken(break),shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.4．Thetechniquesofsalespromotionarevaried(vary)andnumerous.5．Hisfatherwasacivilservant,andhismotherran(run)aclothesstore.6．Attheairport,itisacustomforcustomsofficerstosearchpassengers'luggage.(custom)7．Someplants,suchascornandpotatoes,arenativetoAmerica.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Theparkishometobears,wolves,andotherwildanimals.这座公园是熊、狼及其他野生动物的家园。2．Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareinaminority.大多数护士是妇女，但在高层医务工作者中，妇女只占少数。3．Seriouslydamaged,thebridgeisnolongerinuse.受损严重，这座桥再也不能使用了。4．Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。5．Howeverfaritis,Iintendtodrivetheretonight.不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。6．Ihaveneverseensomanypeopleattendthischurchbefore.我以前从未见过这么多人来这个教堂做礼拜。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thisproductshouldnotbeusedasasubstituteforavaried(各种各样的)diet.2．Whoisrunning(管理)thecompanywhileheisaway?3．Intheeventofhisdeath,hisdaughterwillinherit(继承)themoney.4．TheywantmoreStatecontroloverprivateproperty(财产)．5．Itwasthecustom(风俗)ofAmericanIndianstopainttheirfaceswithcoloredclay.6．Thefemalesitsontheeggsuntiltheyhatch(孵化)．7．Thegovernmenthastakeneffectivemeasurestoavoidconflictsbetweenthedifferentethnic(种族的)groupsinthatarea.8．Womenareintheminority(少数)inthetopranksofgovernment.9．Heofferedusadiversity(多样性)ofmethodstosolvetheproblem.10．Sheisaccustomedtothetropicalrainforest(热带雨林)climate.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thoughthedictionaryiswornout,itisstillintheuse.去掉第二个the2．Mygrandfathersatinhischair,hiseyeswereclosed.去掉were3．Thereisawidevarietygoodstochoosefrom.variety后加of4．Zhongguancunishomeofmanyhi­techcompaniesofChina.第一个of→to5．Menareinminorityinthenursingprofession.第一个in后加the或a6．Eagerlytoseethesunrise,theygotupatfouro'clock.Eagerly→EagerⅢ.选词填空behometo，keepadiary，wakeup，getlost，inuse，puttogether，beuninterestedin，passfrom...to...，putaspellon，takeplace1．Hehappilyseesthesemachineswerecarefullyputtogether.2．Shesetthealarmsoshe'dwakeupintimetogivehertwosonstheirmedication.3．IkeepadiaryeverydaytopractisemywrittenEnglish.4．Thewetlandsarehometoalargevarietyofwildlife.5．Batterychargingsystemsremainbasicallythesameasthoseinusehalfacenturyago.6．Igaveyouamapsoyouwouldn'tgetlost.7．Thebadwomanusedatrugtoputaspellonthebatmaninordertocontrolhim.8．ThemeetingshouldtakeplaceonthefifthofMay.9．IwassouninterestedintheresultthatIdidn'tevenbothertolookatit.10．Asyoupassfromoneleveltoanother,youwillneedtoactfasterandmoreaccurately.Ⅳ.课文语法填空I'mastonishedbyhow1.varied(vary)thelandscapeis.Downinthesouth,2.itisverytropical,butinthenorth­west,Lijiang,ahalfnewandhalfoldtownisonthesideofamountainandoppositeitisYulongXueshanMountain,whosepeak3.iscovered(cover)withsnow.4.Seen(see)fromabove,theoldtownisamazethattouristsgetlostin.ThisregioniswheretheNaxiethnicgrouplive.It'sthewomen5.who/thatrunNaxisociety.Theyinheritallpropertyandhave6.thecustomofplayingcardsinthemiddleofthestreet.TheNaxilanguageistheonlyhieroglyphiclanguagestill7.inuse.Naxicultureis8.particularly(particular)famousforitsmusic.Passedfromfathertoson,themusic9.hasn'tchanged(not,change)foreightcenturies.AtlastIknowhoweverdifferentwemayappeartobeatfirst,weareallthesame,all10.equal(equally)．Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达我们国家是很多(avarietyof)少数民族(minority)的家园。他们的文化各不相同(diverse)，并一代一代传承下来。他们有自己的节日，如四月份举办(takeplace)的泼水节。纳西族是一个由女人管理(run)社会并继承(inherit)财产的民族。他们的语言已经使用(inuse)1000多年了。妇女们穿着蓝色的衣裤，外面罩着蓝色或黑色的围裙，这是纳西族的习俗(custom)。Ourcountryishometoavarietyofminorities.Theirculturesarediverseandhavebeenpassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Theyhavetheirownfestivals,liketheWater­SplashingFestival,whichtakesplaceinApril.Naxiisaethnicgroupinwhichwomenrunthesocietyandinherittheproperty.Theirlanguagehasbeeninuseformorethan1,000years.ItisacustomforNaxiwomentowearblueblousesandtrouserscoveredbyablueorblackapron.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空TherearemorethanfourmillionAmericanIndiansandAlaskannativesintheUnitedStates.They1tomorethanfivehundredIndiantribes.Manytribe2liveonreservations.TheseareareasthattheUnitedThereareaboutthreehundredIndianreservationsintheUnitedStates,someof4arelargerthanAmericanOnthe6，AmericanIndiansdonot7thesameeconomicandeducationalsuccessasotherAmericans.A(n)8studybyHarvardUniversitysaysAmericanIndiansgenerally9lessmoneyandhave10unemploymentthanotherAmericans.ThestudysaystheyalsohavehigherTheBureauofIndianAffairs12educationservicesforalmostfiftythousandIndianchildrenin1,08413.ExpertsfromHarvardsaycollegeattendanceratesamongtheIndianpopulationishalfthatofthe14population.But,theyalsosaythesituationisimproving.Theexpertssaythe15ofNativeAmericanIndians16highereducationhasmorethandoubledinthelasttwentyyears.Harvardresearchers17saythattheAmericanIndianeconomyhas18atthreetimesthenationalratesince1980s.Someofthe19shouldbeowedtoexpansionoftheAmericanIndiangamblingindustry.MorethantwohundredIndiantribeshave20gamblinglegalontheirreservations.NativeAmericancasinosandothergamingbusinessesearnmorethantwentybilliondollarseachyear.语篇解读：美国有四百多万美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加人。本文从经济、工作、教育等方面介绍了印第安人的情况。1．A.stick B．belongC．connect D．depend解析：选B上文谈到“有四百多万美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加人”，下文谈到“五百多个印第安部落”。由此可看出，这些人“属于”这些部落，因此选belong。2．A.natives B．peopleC．persons D．members解析：选D此处指居住在保留地上的部落“成员”。3．A.set B．heldC．gave D．took解析：选A由前面的areas判断，要用setup(建立)。holdup意为“支撑”；giveup意为“放弃”；takeup意为“占用”。4．A.them B．whomC．which D．what解析：选C根据该空前面的逗号可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。由于先行词是reservations，指物，因此选which。5．A.states B．countriesC．provinces D．neighbours解析：选A根据上下文语境可知，此处表示有些保留地的面积比美国一些州的面积还要大。6．A.hand B．wholeC．contrary D．way解析：选Bonthewhole为固定短语，意为“总的来说”。7．A.spare B．saveC．enjoy D．like解析：选C根据下文的“lessmoney”和“unemployment”判断，答案应为enjoy，意为“享有”。8．A.containing B．includingC．remaining D．continuing解析：选D句意：哈佛大学一直在进行一项研究，该研究报告表明……。continuing意为“持续的”。9．A.borrow B．lendC．earn D．pay解析：选C根据上文提到的“印第安人没有同其他美国人一样享有经济和教育上的成功”推断，印第安人赚的钱要少。10．A.much B．moreC．many D．enough解析：选B根据下文的“than”可知，此处要用more，构成比较级，表示印第安人的失业率较高。11．A.rates B．datesC．scores D．costs解析：选Arate意为“比率”。此处指“患病的比率”。12．A.of