2019年英语新外研选修七讲义Module1SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

SectionⅡIntroduction&Reading—LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.defendv．防守2.holdv.保持3.attendv.上(学)4.averagen.平均数5.entireadj.全部的；整个的6.deservev.应得；值得7.outstandingadj.杰出的；优秀的；出色的8.generationn.一代人Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.talentedadj.有天资的；有才能的→talentn．天赋，才华；天资，天才2.professionaln．职业球员→professionn．职业3.valuedadj.有价值的→valuen．价值，估价，评价→valuableadj.值钱的，有价值的4.variousadj.各种各样的→varyv．变化，不同→varietyn．多样化，种类5.immediateadj.立刻的；即刻的→immediatelyadv.立刻地；立即；马上1.defendv．防守[近义]①protectv．保护②guardv.看守，保卫2.attendv．上(学)[联想]①attemptv.企图，尝试②presentadj.出席的，到场的3.entireadj.全部的；整个的[联想]由entire想到的①completeadj.完整的②totaladj.总的，全体的，完全的③wholeadj.全部的，整体的4.deservev．应得，值得[联想]表示“值得的”形容词一览①worth值得的；值钱的②worthy有价值的；可尊敬的；值得的③worthwhile值得(做)的5.talentedadj.有天资的；有才能的[同义]giftedadj.有天赋的，有才华的6.immediateadj.立即的；即刻的[同义]instantadj.立即的，即时的二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.inthehistoryof在……的历史上2.growup成长，长大3.withanaverageof...平均为……4.rescue...from...把……从某种状况下解救出来5.atonepoint一度，曾经1.duringthe1990s在20世纪90年代2.winthegoldmedal赢得金牌3.retirefromsport从体坛退役4.attheageof40在40岁时5.animmediatesuccess即刻的成功6.bythetime到那时三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.In1987,Jordanbecameonlythesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.1987年，乔丹成为仅有的第二个在一个赛季中得分超过3000分的球员。动词不定式短语toscoremorethan...作定语修饰player。WuDajingisthefirstChineseathletetowinthegoldmedalatthePyeongchang2018WinterOlympicGames.武大靖是第一个在2018年平昌冬奥会上赢得金牌的中国运动员。2.Eachtimehethrewtheballstraightthroughthebasket—andeachtimehehadhiseyesclosed.每次他都把球直接投进篮筐——而且每次都是闭着眼睛投进去的。eachtime“每次”，作连词，引导时间状语从句。Don'tlookupnewwordsinthedictionaryeachtimeyoumeetthem.不要每次遇到生单词就查词典。3.Butthereisnodoubtthathedeservesthetitle“outstandingplayerofhisgeneration”．但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问”，that引导的从句作doubt的同位语。Thereisnodoubtthatourexperimentwillsucceed.毫无疑问，我们的实验会成功的。1．(教材P1)Whataretheforwardsdoing—attackingordefending?前锋在做什么——进攻还是防守？defendv．防守；保护，保卫(1)defend...from/against...保护/防护……使其免受……defendoneself自我防卫/辩解(2)defence＝defensen.防御；保卫indefenseof保卫……①Allourofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselvesagainstknifeattacks.我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。②Everyoneshouldlearnhowtodefendhimself(he)bythelawfulmeans.每个人都应该学会如何利用合法的手段保护自己。③Theydecidedtofightindefenceoftheircountry.他们决心为保卫祖国而战。[辨析比较]defend,protect,guarddefend指防御或击退外来威胁或进攻protect指采取保护措施，使之不受伤害或损伤，常用于防御风雨、疾病或保护权益等guard指小心谨慎地对可能的危险进行防御，以维护安全，含警戒之意选用上述单词填空④Youneedtoputonmoreclothestoprotectyouagainstthecold.⑤Wemusttakemeasurestoguardtheforestagainstfires.⑥Weshoulddefendourcountryagainstitsenemies.2．(教材P2)Whichrecorddotheybothhold?他们两人都保持哪一项纪录？holdv．保持；拿着；控制；容纳；举行n.握住；控制；把握；保持[一词多义]写出下列句中hold的含义①Heholdstheworldrecordforthe100­metredash.保持②Shewasholdinganumbrella.拿着③Idon'tthinkthecarwillholdallofyou.容纳④Theyholdameetingeverymorning.举行holdback退缩；踌躇；阻止；抑制holdoff推迟，拖延holdon等一下；坚持住holdonto抓住；保留holdup举起；延误holdout维持；坚持；伸出⑤Thedamisnotstrongenoughtoholdbackthefloodwaters.水坝不够坚固，挡不住洪水。⑥HoldonaminutewhileIgetmybreathback.停一停，让我喘口气。⑦Heshouldbehomesoonprovidedthebuseshaven'tbeenheldup.只要(公共)汽车没有延误，他应该很快就到家了。3．(教材P2)JordanwasborninNewYorkandgrewupinNorthCarolina.乔丹出生于纽约，在北卡罗来纳州长大。growup成长，长大；壮大；发展；形成growuptobe成长为growinto逐渐成长为，变为，长成①Beinganonlychild,TomgrewupinIndianaunderthecareofhismother.汤姆是个独生子，在印第安纳州母亲身边长大。②Itissaidthattheboygrewuptobe(be)anotedscientist.据说那个男孩长大后成了一位知名的科学家。③Inashortperiodoftimehegrewintoagreatcommunistfighter.在短时期内，他成长为一名伟大的共产主义战士。4．(教材P2)HeattendedtheUniversityofNorthCarolinaforayearbeforeleavingtojointheChicagoBulls.在加入芝加哥公牛队之前，他在北卡罗来纳大学学习了一年。attendvt.上(学)；出席，参加；照料vi.照料；关怀；对付；处理attendalecture/ameeting听演讲/参加会议attendschool/classes/church上学/上课/去教堂attendtosb./sth.照料/接待某人；处理某事attendon/upon照料，服侍①I'mwritingtoinviteyoutoattendtheChinesepaper­cuttingartexhibitiontobeheldintheartgalleryfrom8：00amto5：00pmnextSundayinourcitycenter.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我写信邀请你参加下周日上午8点至下午5点在我们市中心美术馆举行的中国剪纸艺术展。②Wemustattendonthepeoplewhoareinpoorhealth.我们必须照顾那些身体不太好的人。③Don'tworry.Everythingwillbeattendedtoingoodtime!别着急，每件事都会得到及时处理！[辨析比较]attend,join,joinin,takepartinattend指以“听众或观众”的身份“参加”，表示出席，参加会议、讲座、婚礼、报告等一些较为正式的场合join表示参加某一团体、组织，成为其中的一个成员，如入党、入团、参军等；如果后接人，则表示加入到某人的活动中joinin多指参加某些比赛或活动，常用于口语中，如要表示“加入到他人的行列中一道从事某项活动”用joinsb.insth.takepartin指参加会议或群众性的活动，重在说明主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用选用上述词语填空④LastyearIjoinedtheclub.Sincethen,Ihavebeenattendingthemeetingsandtakingpartinallkindsofactivities.Sometimes,Ijoinmanagersindesigningsomeparties.5．(教材P2)Hefinishedhisfirstseason(1984－1985)asoneofthetopscorersintheleague,withanaverageof28.2pointspergame.在第一个赛季(1984－1985)，他就以平均每场28.2分的成绩成为联盟得分最高的球员之一。averagen．平均数；一般水平，平均标准adj.平均的，普遍的，一般的above/below(the)average一般水平以上/以下on(an/the)average平均起来withanaverageof平均为①Temperaturesareabove/belowaverageforthetimeofyear.温度高于/低于此时的年平均温度。②Wemadealosstoday,butonaveragewemakeaprofit.我们今天结算亏损，但是平均起来，我们还是赚钱。③Thesenationsallhavelargeyoungpopulationswithanaverageageof27.这些国家的人口年龄结构都处于年轻型时期，平均年龄只有27岁。[名师点津](1)“theaverageof...”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，意为“……的平均数”。④Theaverageof3,8and10is7.3、8和10的平均数是7。(2)“anaverageof＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，意为“平均有……”。⑤Anaverageoftenstudentshaven'tpassedtheexamineachclass.每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试。6．(教材P3)Atonepoint,Chamberlainwassomuchbetterthanalltheotherplayersthattheychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim!曾几何时，张伯伦比其他所有球员都优秀得多，以至于他们改变了比赛规则来试图限制他！atonepoint一度；曾经；当时onthepointof...正要(做某事)tothepoint切题的；相关的Thereisnopointindoingsth.做某事毫无意义①Atonepoint,hemadeuphismindtobecomeapainter.他曾一度下决心要当个画家。②Iwasjustonthepointofgoingwhenhecamein.他进来的时候我正要走。③Asweallknow,thereisnopointincomplaining.众所周知，抱怨是毫无意义的。7．(教材P3)Butthereisnodoubtthathedeservesthetitle“outstandingplayerofhisgeneration”．但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。deservev．应得；值得deservesth.值得……deservetodo...应该做……deservedoing/tobedone值得做……，理应……①Thisproposaldeservesseriousconsideration.这个建议值得认真考虑。②I'msorryforthekids.Theydeservetreating/tobetreated(treat)inabetterway.我为这些孩子感到难过，他们应该得到更好的照顾。③Todoherjustice,wemustadmitthatshediddeservetowin(win)．说句公道话，我们得承认她的确应该获胜。[名师点津](1)deserve一般不用于进行时；(2)deserve后接不定式，若该动词表示主动意义，则用不定式的主动形式；若该动词表示被动意义，则用不定式的被动式或者动词­ing形式的主动形式，类似用法的词还有need,want,require等。1．In1987,Jordanbecameonlythesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.1987年，乔丹成为仅有的第二个在一个赛季中得分超过3000分的球员。句中动词不定式toscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason作定语修饰player。在英语中，名词前若用序数词、形容词最高级、theonly,thelast等词修饰或被修饰词本身是上述词语时，其后通常用不定式作定语。①Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。②Isthatthebestwaytosolve(solve)theproblem?那是解决问题的最好方式吗？③Hewouldbethelasttoagree(agree)totheplan.他决不会同意这个计划。2．Butthereisnodoubtthathedeservesthetitle“outstandingplayerofhisgeneration”．但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问”，that引导的从句作doubt的同位语。(1)Thereisnodoubtabout...毫无疑问……Thereisdoubtwhether...不确定是否without/beyonddoubt无疑地；必定；毫无疑问beindoubt不肯定；不确定(2)Idon'tdoubtthat...我确信……Idoubtwhether/if...我不敢肯定……①ThereisnodoubtthatWeChatandQQareimportantmeansofcommunication.毫无疑问，微信和QQ是人们相互交流的重要工具。②Idoubtwhether/ifhewillkeephisword.我怀疑他是否会遵守诺言。③Theresearchshowedbeyonddoubtthatsmokingcontributestoheartdisease.这项研究确实表明吸烟会导致心脏疾病。[名师点津]doubt无论是用作动词还是名词，用在肯定句中，从句引导词都用whether(作动词时，whether/if均可)；用在否定句或疑问句中，从句引导词用that。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Becarefultodefendyourselvesagainsttheenemy.2．Hecamerunningherewithabunchofflowersheld(hold)inonehand.3．I'mtoobusynowtoattendtoanythingelsebutmywork.4.Londonhaveonaverage7.6hoursofsunshineperdayduringMay.5．Thereisnodoubtthattheywillaskyouforhelp.6.Ilovewritinglovedrawing,lovetoseeavariety(various)ofbooks,magazines!7．AtonepointIthinksheisgoingtorefuse,butintheendsheagrees.8．AsfarasI'mconcerned,thisbookdeservestoberead/reading(read)severaltimes.Ⅱ.完成句子1．(2017·北京高考满分作文)Ofthetworoutesgivenbyyourschool,theYangtzeRiveristhefirstchoicetotravel,Ithink.在你们学校给出的两条线路中，我认为“长江之行”是旅行的第一选择。2．Thereisnodoubtthatglobalwarmingcanleadtomanyenvironmentalproblems.毫无疑问全球变暖会引起很多环境问题。3．HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。4．Astheyearswenton,theyoungplantinourcourtgrewintoatalltree.一年年过去，院子里的树苗长成了一棵大树。5．Heheldouthishandtostopthetaxibutitdidn'tstop.他伸手想打车，但是出租车没停。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Peoplewantedtoknowwhothistalented(有天赋的)designerwas.2．Hewasnamedtheirmostvalued(有价值的)playerfivetimes.3．Iamthefirstchildinmyfamilytoattend(上学)college.4．(2017·江苏高考)In1900,peoplediedattheaverage(平均数)ageof30.5．Theirlastconcertwasreallyawesome(了不起的)．6．Hedecidedtoleaveschoolforvarious(各种各样的)reasons.7．Haveyoudrunktheentire(整个的)bottle?8．Anydogbite,nomatterhowsmall,needsimmediate(立刻的)medicalattention.9．You'vebeenworkingallmorning—youdeserve(应得)arest.10．Mygeneration(一代人)havegrownupwithouttheexperienceofaworldwar.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Letusrespond.Letusriseasonemaninthedefenceofourmotherland.去掉the2．Hismotherwasill,sohemustattendher.attend后加to3．Ifwehavefinishedourwork,thereisnopointstayinganylonger.point后加in4．Theolddoctordeservedbehonouredforalifetimeofunselfishwork.be前加to5．Iwouldbethelasttoattemptingtoanswerthequestion.attempting→attempt6．Aboveaverage,MrKellyworksoutfourdaysaweekforatleastanhouratatime.Above→OnⅢ.选词填空inthehistoryof，growup，withanaverageof，rescuefrom，atonepoint，playagainst，beknownas，oneafteranother，millionsof，morethan1．Allpatientswerefollowedupfor7－36monthswithanaverageof17months.2．IwanttobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.3．Theinventionofthewheelwasamilestoneinthehistoryoftheworld.4．Atonepoint,itseemedthattheplanewouldfallapartintheshaking.5．Youcanlearnmorewhenyouplayagainstagoodopponent.6．Duringthoseyearssilkfactoriescloseddownoneafteranother.7．Thechildwasrescuedfromthefire,butdiedsoonafterforterribleburns.8．ZhangYimouisknownasaveryfamousdirectorinChina.9．Thispictureissupposedlyworthmorethanamillionpounds.10．Dinosaurshavebeenextinctformillionsofyears.Ⅳ.课文语法填空MichaelJordanwasborninNewYorkandgrew1.upinNorthCarolina.He2.attended(attend)theUniversityofNorthCarolinaforayearandthenjoinedtheChicagoBulls.In1987,Jordanbecameonlythesecondplayer3.toscore(score)over3,000pointsinaseason.Withhim,theBullswontheirfirstNBAchampionshipin1991andagainin1992and1993.Jordan4.surprised(surprise)everyonewhenheretiredbeforethe1993－1994season,5.butherejoinedtheChicagoBullsandwonthreemorechampionshipsfrom1996to1998.6.Wearing(wear)hisfamousnumber23shirt,MichaelJordanbecamethemostsuccessfulbasketballplayerin7.thehistoryofthegame.He8.wasnamed(name)themostvaluedplayerfivetimes.9.OffⅤ.串点成篇微表达汤姆是一个优秀的(outstanding)男孩，不仅功课学得不错而且乐于助人。他早晨7：30上学(attendschool)，在学校他努力学习各门功课。每一次考试，他分数很高，平均为(withanaverageof)90分。一天，在上学的路上他看见一位老人躺在地上并立刻(immediate)采取行动将其送往医院。在医生的帮助下，老人好多了。校长得知这件事后，表扬了汤姆。毫无疑问(thereisnodoubtthat)汤姆值得(deserve)表扬。Tomisanoutstandingboy,whoisnotonlygoodathislessonsbutalsoreadytohelpothers.Heattendsschoolat7：30inthemorning,whereheworkshardathislessons.Ineachexam,hegetshighmarkswithanaverageof90points.Oneday,onhiswaytoschoolhesawanoldmanlyingonthegroundandtookimmediateactiontosendhimtothehospital.Withthedoctor'shelp,theoldmanwasbetter.Whentheheadmasterheardofit二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空WhenIwasatmylowestpointinlife,IneverwouldhaveguessedthatafteralltheunhappinessIfaced,Iwouldeventuallybeabletohaveasuccessfulcareerandbusiness.WhenIlook1now,Icanseeclearlythattherewas2one,simplestepthatIfailedtotake.I3tocraft(精巧地制作)asatisfyingandsuccessfulcareer.Depressedand4，Ithoughttomyself,“Maybeit'sjustme—maybeI'lljustneverfind5happiness.”Finally,afteryears6inthatdepression,IdecidedthatIwouldn'tallowitto7there.Idecidedtotakeacompletelynewkindof8，Iallowedmyselfthistimetodreamas9aspossible.Icommitted(承诺)myselftothe10thatnomatterhowstrangeandcrazymydream11，orwhatI'dhavetogiveup,I'dbelieve12it,andI'dgoforitwith13I'vegot.Thatwasthesimplestepthatturnedeverything14：tobelieveinwhatIwascapableofandtheimpactIcould15Now,witheverysingletrainingprogramIdeliver,Iemphasizethisonekeymessage:thatyouarecapableofmuchmorethanyoucaneven16at,butyoucan'tbringinto17thatshiningnewidentity(身份)untilyouallowyourselftobelieveinwhatyoucan'tsee.I'mstillshockedwhenItalktoprofessionalswhocan't18thesimplestquestionsaboutwhattheyreallywant.Here'saharshreality—youcan'tbehappyorbuildgreatsuccessandrewardifyoudon'tknowyourself,orunderstandwhatyou19want.Today,begintobuildamuchmoreintimate(亲密的；私人的)relationshipwith20andgettoknowyourselfbetterthanyouknowanyoneelse.语篇解读：作者在人生的低谷期时，决定采取全新的措施来改变现状，最终证明自己选择勇往直前是正确的。1．A.behind B．upC．down D．back解析：选D前面提到了作者在人生低谷时期的情况，可见他是在回顾过去。lookback在这里的意思是“回想，回顾”。2．A.never B．alwaysC．just D．ever解析：选C本文介绍了作者总结在不得志时人们可以采取的一个步骤，这里作者强调当初只有一步没有走好。just“仅仅，只”，符合语境；never“从来不”，always“总是”，ever“曾经”，均不符合语境。3．A.tried B．failedC．succeeded D．managed解析：选B上一句中作者提到有一步没有走好，因此此处应表示没有做到的事是什么。failtodosth.“没有做成某事”，符合语境。4．A.frightened B．confusedC．surprised D．shocked解析：选B当初在人生的低谷期作者并不明白到底什么使得他无法获得成功，对于这一点他很困惑。四个选项中只有confused“困惑的”，符合语境。5．A.career B．lifeC．reality D．truth解析：选A根据上一句的描述，作者没有成功地去营造满意和成功的事业，因此认为自己永远无法得到职业中的快乐。career“职业”，符合语境。6．A.located B．lostC．addicted D．interested解析：选B根据第一段最后一句，作者认为自己永远不能找到职业中的快乐，因此说他长年迷失在了这种沮丧情绪中。belostin“迷失于”，与语境相符；belocatedin“位于”；beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”；beaddicted后应为介词to。7．A.end B．startC．change D．get解析：选A根据后面一句，作者决定采取全新的措施来改变现状，可见他不允许自己的人生结束于原先的沮丧之中。end意为“结束”。8．A.kind B．stepC．type D．look解析：选B根据第一段第二句中的step可知，作者认为自己有一步没有走好，所以决定重新走好这一步。kind“种类”，type“类型”，look“面貌”，均不符合语境。9．A.small B．muchC．big D．hard解析：选C根据下一句中的crazy可知，此处表示作者让自己的梦想足够大。10．A.idea B．realityC．dream D．fact解析：选A后面的“无论梦想多古怪、多疯狂，无论放弃什么，都要勇往直前”是一种想法，因此选idea。11．A.got B．seemedC．took D．had解析：选B对于别人而言，作者的梦想也许看起来是古怪疯狂的。seem“看起来”；get“变得”；take“带走”；have“有”。12．A.on B．toC．in D．down解析：选C根据前面的nomatterhow可知，作者下定决心要对自己的梦想坚定信心。believein“对……有信心”，与语境相符。13．A.nothing B．anythingC．something D．everything解析：选D为了梦想，作者愿意付出一