21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册

______-______-让每个人平等地提升自我!#admittingthat...虽说，即使whileadmittingthat...虽说，即使（6）lookdown（up）on-haveorshowalowopinionof蔑视，瞧不起e.g.Theylookdownonusbecauseweliveinapoorareaofthecity.他们看不起我们，因为我们住在这城市的穷人区。MissTracylikestennisbutshelooksdownonfootballastoorough.特蕾西喜欢网球，但看不起足球，认为足球太粗野。（7）whileathletesaremadeheroesof-whileathletesarepraisedorconsideredasheroes而把运动员当成英雄makesth.ofsb./sth.使……成为……（文中意思）;用…造；了解,明白e.g.Ican'tmakeofwhathewants.我不了解他要什么。Thearmyhasmadeamanofhim.军队把他造就成了男人。Theywanttomakeamusicianoftheirson.他们想把他们的儿子造就成音乐家。（8）ratherthan（otherwise）不是别的而是...详见Unit1的TextA的语言点No.25）（9）idleaway-荒废，浪费（时间）Hewasidlingawaytheafternoonsittingonthegrassandreading.他下午坐在草地上看书消磨时间。 _Weidledawaythehoursplayingcards.我们玩牌消磨时间。（10）becomesocialoutcasts成为社会弃儿，成为被社会排斥的人outcasta.被（家庭、国家等）逐出的，被排斥的；被遗弃的；无家可归的n.被驱逐的人；流浪者，流氓，无赖;［英方］争吵e.g.Shehasspentherlifetryingtohelpgypsies,beggarsandothersocialoutcasts.她一生努力帮助吉普赛人、乞丐和其他被社会排斥的人。ShewasapoliticaloutcastafterthePartyexpelledherin1982她1982被驱逐出党后成了被政界排斥的人。注：gypsy［由ipsi］n.吉普赛人，吉普赛语a.象吉普赛人的vi.流浪（11）conformvi.,vt.（与to,with连用），遵守，符合,顺应,相配；【宗】遵奉国教；（与to连用）使适合e.g.Acoatmustconformtothefigureofthewearer.衣服必须与身材相配。Onthefirstdaywhenapupilentersschool,heisaskedtoconformtotheschoolrules.从进校的第一天起,学校就要求学生遵守校规。conformtothecustomsofsociety遵守社会习俗conformwiththeregulations遵守规章conformacopytotheoriginal使副本与原本一致conformtheplanstothenewspecifications使计划符合新规范(12)depriveof剥夺，使丧失deprivevt.夺去，剥夺，使丧失(of);撤职，免去…的职务;使不能有，使不能享受e.g.Shewasdeprivedofschoolingatten她10岁时就失学了。Sicknessdeprivedmeofthepleasureofmeetingyou.疾病使得我未能和你经常欢聚。(13)Enoughisenough.适可而止吧。Thisexpressionmeansthatwhatissaid,done,etc.isquitesufficient,sothatnothingelseneedstobesaid.Itisusuallysaidasindicationorwarningthatwhatisgoingonmustbestopped,andexpressessomedegreeoffrustration.e.g.Enoughisenough(=Iwantwhatishappeningtostop)—Idon,twanttoarguewithyouanymore.适可而止吧，我不想再跟你争吵。(14)Thereareveryfewcountriesintheworldwhereanti-intellectualismrunsashighinpupularcultureasititdoesintheU.S.在大众文化方面，世界上还很少有哪个国家反知识的现象象在美国那么高涨。run这里是作连系动词linkverb.e.g.Sincetheirmotherpassedaway,thechildrenhavebeenrunwild.自从母亲逝世以来，孩子们很放肆。 _Inspringthebrookswouldrunhighwithmeltwater.春天小溪会因有冰雪融水而水位上涨。Differencesbetweenthetwosidesrundeep(=areserious).双方分歧严重。Suppliesarerunninglow.供应在减少。Feelingsarerunninghigh(=Peopleareangryorexcited).激情澎湃。/群情激奋。(15)leastofall尤其不，最不e.g.Thismuchfoodisbarelyenoughforonefamily,leastofallthewholevillage.这么多食物只够一家人家吃用，供全村人根本不够。Nooneseemedtopayanyattentiontothechairperson,leastofallthedistinguishedguests!没有人注意那个主席，尤其不注意那些贵宾了。Toeasethetension,Itoldajoke,butnobodyseemedamused,leastofallmyfather.为了缓和紧张气氛，我讲了个笑话，但似乎没有人被逗乐，尤其没有逗乐我的父亲Idon'tlikerainorstorms,andleastofallthunder.我不喜欢下雨和暴风雨，尤其不喜欢打雷。notleastofall尤其notleast相当重要e.g.Tradehasbeenbad,notleastbecauseofincreasedcosts.生意一直不好，相当重要的原因是价格上涨。at(the)least至少，起码；无论如何，最少e.g.He'sgoingawayforatleastaweek.他起码一星期出去一次。attheveryleast［用于加强语气］(=attheleast,intheleast)一点，丝毫notintheleast一点也不tosaytheleast(ofit)［插入语］至少(可以这样说)，退一步说L-said,soonestmended.(=Theleastsaidthebetter.)［谚］多说惹祸，少说为妙；话越少越好。（16）holdup使停滞;拦路抢劫;举起展示；提出（作榜样）；见holdout；见keepup不低落，维持，继续；举起来beheldupas-被推举为，被展示为e.g.Hissonwasheldupasamodelofhardwork.他的儿子被推举为勤奋工作的榜样/努力工作的模范。Dr.BerthunehasbeenheldupasanexampleofinternationalisminChina.白求恩大夫被树立为有国际主义思想的榜样。IntheUSA,manyAfrican-AmericansholdupMichaelJordanasarolemodel.在美国，许多美国黑人把迈克尔.乔丹奉为行为的榜样。>loseholdof放弃>holdagainst归咎于；责怪e.gWemustn'tholdagainsthimthathehasbeeninprison.们不要因为他过去坐过牢而对他有偏见。Weshouldn'tholdhispastmistakesagainsthim.我们不该因他过去的过错而歧视他。>holdback阻止（=keepback）;抑制（情感、情绪）（=holdin,ke印back）;阻碍发展（=ke印back）;退缩不前（=hangback,hangbehind）;保密；隐瞒e.g.Thevillagersbuiltbanksofearthtoholdbackthefloodwaters.村民们筑起土坝，防止洪水泛滥。Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。Thebosswasunabletoholdbackhisangeranylonger.（喻）老板再也抑制不住怒火了。>holddown保有（一份工作）；压抑；压低；控制；e.g.toholdpricesdown把物价压下来>holdforth长篇大论地讲，滔滔不绝地讲>holdoff保持距离；不接近;（=keepoff）让开，不接近，使离开；拖延；延期（=putoff）e.g.Marytendstoholdofffrompeople.玛丽总是不接近人。Therainmayholdoff,butitwon'thurttotaketheraincoatwithyou.雨可能下不下来,不过把雨伞带去总没有坏处。TheboardofdirectorswillholdoffmakingadecisionuntilnextWednesday.董事会将推迟到下星期三才作出决定。Wemustbereadytoholdoffthecomingstorm'sattack.我们必须准备好阻挡即将来临的暴风雨的袭击。Willtherainholdoffuntilafterthegame?这场雨能拖到比赛结束之后再下吗？>holdon（打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂上；坚持；=holdoute.g.Couldyouholdon?I'lljustseeifthemanager'sin.你不要挂断电话好吗?我去看一看经理在不在。>holdout给予，提供；支持；继续；坚持；忍耐（=hangon,holdon）;伸出e.g.WillthecarholdouttillwereachLondon?这车能支持到我们抵达伦敦吗？'Howlongwillourfreshwatersuppliesholdout?'captainasked」船长问道，'我们的淡水还能支持多久?”Heseemstoholdoutnohopeofsucceeding.他好象对成功不抱有希望。Ican'tholdoutmuchhopethattheweatherwillimprove.对于天气会变好我们不能过于乐观。Heheldouthishand他伸出了手.>holdoutfor坚持要求（=stickoutfor）>holdouton隐瞒;扣压不复>holdover延迟；延期;期满后继续上映;威胁；勒索>holdto坚持；遵循；（=holdby坚持,keepto遵循）e.g.Ishallholdtomydecision.我将坚持我的决定。>holdwith同意，赞成（17）HowlongcanAmericaremainaworld-classpowerifweconstantlyputsocialskillsandphysicalstrengthoveracademicachievementandintellectualability?HowlongcanAmericaremainaworld-classpowerifweemphaziesocialskillsandphysicalstrengthratherthanacademicachievementandintellectualability?假如我们始终把社交技巧和体力放在学业成绩和智能之上，美国的世界强国地位又能保持多久呢？Thewordoverisapreposition,indicatingsuperiority,advantageorpreference.介词over在此句中的意思是：高于…；在…之上；等级比…高；支配。e.g.Idon'twantanyoneoverme.我不想受任何等级比我高的人支配。（18）Dowereallyexpecttostayafloatlargelybyimportingourscientistsandintellectualsfromabroad,aswehavedoneforamajorportionofthiscenturywithoutmakinganefforttoalsocultivateaprointellectualcultureathome?-Formostofthiscenturywe,veimportedscientistsandintellectualsfromabroad;littlehadbeenmadetocultivateapro-intellectualcultureathome.Canwereallyexpectournationtostayontop/toremainaworld-classpower/tostaycompetitivebygoingonlikethis?难道我们真的希望长此下去，象本世纪大部分时间所做的那样，主要是从国外引进科学家和知识分子，而不是同时也在国内培育一种重视知识的文化沃土吗？“Stayafloat”-使…漂浮不沉；使...流通；使…不致负债stayfloatingonwater-isreferringtoa"boat.”TheboatistheU.S.Hereinthissentence,“tostayafloat”meanstostayfloatonwater,tostayontop,tostaycompetitiveortostayaworld-classpower.>afloatad.,a.漂浮,在水上;在船上；在途；在海上；被水淹没;不欠债的注：adj.［多作表语］,e.gHowlongdidyouspendafloat?你在海上待了多久？keepafloat使…漂浮不沉；使…流通；使…不致负债alltheshippingafloat航行中的船只总数alwayssafelyafloat保持安全浮泊cargoafloat在途货物，运输中货物currencyafloat流通中货币dischargeafloat船上卸货goodsafloat路货，未卸货，未到货，在海运途中的货物，进行交易时或订约前已装运在海上的货物 _notalwaysafloat不担保船舶经常浮泊saleafloat运输途中销售，卖路货stockafloat路货，海运途中货物get（anewspaper）afloat发行（一份报纸）set（rumours）afloat散布（谣言）Theinheritancekeptthemafloatforyears遗产使他们好多年免于经济困难。Ourplansareafloat.我们的计划尚未定案。portionn.一部分；区划［段］;一份［股，批，部分］,（饭菜）一份;【律】分得的财产;嫁妆;［只用单］命运vt.把…分成份；分配（out）;给…遗产，给…嫁妆;命运注定e.g.aportionofland一部分土地alargeportionofthemanuscript草稿的大部分forthegreatportionofone'slife以一生中的大部分时间oneportionofroastbeef一份烤牛肉portionoutfood分配食物portionabride给新娘准备嫁妆附：portionablea.portioner分配的人;收到遗产、嫁妆的人portioningn.分份，分成几份portionlessa.得不到分配物的（尤指遗产），没有嫁资的cultivatevt.致力于（音乐、艺术等）；种植，耕种，开恳;培植，培育；养殖（鱼虾等）;培养，养成，磨炼（才能等）,启发;结识（有地位的人）；细心照料e.g.cultivateanewgeneration培育新一代cultivatethehabitofanalysis养成分析的习惯cultivatealoveofart培养对艺术的热爱Healwaystriestocultivaterichandfamouspeople.他总是试图结交有钱有势的人。（19）impoverisheda.穷困的，无力的，用尽了的impoverishvt.使穷困;使枯竭，耗尽；使虚弱e.g.animpoverishedwriter穷困潦倒的作家impoverishnaturalresources耗尽自然资源（20）liewith（责任,权力等）在于…，属于…，是…的职权；应由……（承担责任）；（作出决定等）得靠……e.g.Thefault/blamelieswithsomegovernmentofficials（官员）.Manypeoplebelievethattheresponsibilityfortheteam,slosslaywiththecoach（教练）ratherthanwiththeplayers.（21）adaptto—makefit（asforaspecificornewuseorsituation）;changesoastobesuitable适应e.g.Althoughitwasherfirstexperienceabroad,shesoonadaptedherselftothenewlifestyle(生活方式).SomefreshmenfromtheNorthfinditdifficulttoadapttothecoldanddampwinterinShanghai.doawaywith—abolish,putanendto,getridof废除，去掉e.g.ThedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneawaywithinmanyEuropeancountries.死刑在许多欧洲国家已经被取消。It,simportantforgovernmentofficialstodoawaywiththoseoutdatednotions.政府官员去掉过时的观念很重要。exercise—makeuseof,employ利用，行使，运用e.g.exerciseapower行使权力Johnexercisedhisdemocraticrightbynotvotingintheelection.约翰通过在选举中不投票来行使他的民主权利。Alwaysexercisecautionwhenhandlingradioactive(a.放射性的，有辐射能的)substances.处理放射性物质时要时刻小心。(24)pursuingknowledgetothefullextentofone,sabilitiesmakingallpossibleeffortstogainknowledge(25)have/standachanceof—havethepossibilityofachievingsth.有希望，有可能e.g.Ourteamstillstandsachanceofwinningthegame.我们队还有希望赢这场比赛。Unskilledworkerswillstandalittlechanceofbeingre-employed.不熟练工人再就业的机会小。IfyougetstraightAs,youwillhaveagoodchanceofwinningthescholarship.假如你门门功课成绩都最优秀的话，你赢得奖学金的可能性会很大。Letthestudentsgothroughthewholetextquicklyagaintotrytounderstandthemainideaofthetextandgraspthestructureofthetextanddothereadinganalysisandstructuredwriting.askonestudent(ormore,ifnecessary)totellwhatthetextismainlyabout.(doexercisesII,III&IV);drawthestudents,attentiontothestructureofthetext;askthestudentstowriteaparagraphinwhichTedandMarymakeacompromise.AskthestudentstodoEXXXV&XVI(Pages108-109).Afterfinishingexplainingthewholetext,theteachermaygoontodealwiththefollowingaspectthestudentsneedtomaster:SentencestructuresLearntousesuchstructuresas“Notuntil（直到……才。它被用于句首时主句主谓倒装，见课本练习VII）"，“betodo（sth.）（与动词不定式连用，表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性等.见课本练习VIII）”，"as...as（与……一样）,notsomuch…as（与其说是还不如说是）”,and“stoptodosth.,stopdoingsth.”.iv）Post-readingactivities:AskthestudentstotrytolearnthetextbyheartforasmuchEnglishinputaspossible.Watchanactof“FamilyAlbum,USA”orsomeothershortEnglishshoworflashiftimespermitsafterthedesignatedclassworkhasbeenfinishedandcarryoutlisteningandspeakingactivities.ii.StudyofTextBandTextCOnthebasisofthereadingbeforeclass,use:i）TextBforextensivereadingTheteacherguidethestudentstogothroughthetextquicklywiththea/mstepscovered.Text-relatedinformationGivethemeaningsofsushi,pasta,aerobicdancing,rainforests.Thelanguagepointsaretobeexplainedasfollows:⑴beinstyle别具风格地，时髦地，很成功地:beinfashion,bein流行，行时beoutofstyle,beoutofdate,beoutoffashion,beout不流行，过时in-group时髦族e.g.Theclassicblackdressisalwaysinstyle.Longhairisbackinstyleformen.长发又在男人中流行起来了。Furcoatshavegoneoutofstyle.皮大衣已经不流行了。Thatradiolookssooutofdate.那收音机看起来很过时了。Father,ssuitisoutofdate;heneedsanewone.父亲的西服过时了；他需要一件新的。IhaveamapbutI'mafraidit'soutofdate.我有一张地图，但我恐怕它已经过时没用了。Theinformationinlastyear’stouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.去年旅游指南上的信息已经过时没用了。andthelikeandsimilarthings等等e.g.Formanyyearshestudiednaturaldisasters,suchasvolcanoes,earthquakesandthe^卜。他多年研究自然灾害，如火山、地震等等。There'sabigsportshallfortennisandbadmintonandthelike.有个可以打网球、羽毛球等的体育运动大厅thisdesireformoneydoesn'texplainfadsinotherareas,suchaslanguages-这种追求金钱的愿望并不能说明其他领域中的时尚，如语言的使用（4）pointout-show,explain,drawattentionto指出e.g.Hepointedoutthepossibledisadvantagesofthenewsystem.他指出了这个新系统/新制度/新体系可能存在的缺陷。I'dnevernoticedthatabouthertillyoupointeditouttome.你向我指出前，我从没注意到有关她的那个情况。theculturalbordersbetweencountriesbegantobreakdown国与国之间的文化边界开始被冲破了。•ThethemeofthetextTrendsandfadsinfluenceallaspectsofmodernlife.ii）TextCforthestudents'homeworkTheteacherchecksthestudents'understandingofthetextandsmoothoutsomedifficultpointsstudentspointout.Thelanguagepointsarelikethefollowing:（1）popularitythatcounts-thekindofpopularitythatisgenuinelyvaluable有价值的出名popularityn.通俗性；大众性，流行；普及，普通；名气，名望e.g.enjoy[win]generalpopularity享盛名，受欢迎，得众望count>vt.,vi.点数，数，算；计算；清点；总计达…；认为,视为,看作；有价值，重要，有用e.g.tocountfrom1to100从1数到100Counttheseapples清点一下这些苹果。countitanhonor（todosth.）（把做某事）引以为荣Everysecondcounts每一秒钟都很重要。>n.计算，合计数；（被告的一条）罪状；伯爵（二[英]earl伯爵）e.g.TherewassomanycarsthatIlostcount.有那么多的小汽车，以致于我忘记数到那儿了。Hewasfoundguiltyontwocounts.他被判定有两条罪状。（棉纱）支数countdown倒数计时counton依靠;指望,期待 （=countupon）countout〈拳击〉宣告失败（2）Thosearetheyearswhenyoushouldbefindingoutwhoyouareandwhatyoustandfor.—在这样的年纪，你应该弄清楚自己是怎样的人，主张的是什么。（3）Youcanloseyourselfinaseaofindenticalhairstylesandthoughtstyles.-你可能在千篇一律的发型和思维方式的海洋中失去你的自我。（4）…foragirlinherteens,enteringanewschoolisaboutaseasyasspendingaseasonaloneinthetropicaljunglestospendaseasonaloneinthetropicaljunglesforateenagegirlwouldbeincrediblychallenginganddemanding;enteringanewschoolissimilarlydifficult对于一个十几岁的女孩来说，进入一所新学校不啻于象在热带丛林中独自度过一个假期般一样困难agirlinherteens-ateenag