高考英语 语法专题十 介词和介词短语

落堕市安心阳光实验学校专题十介词和介词短语◆介词和介词短语的考查要点如等；合成介词，如accordingmeansspiteinsteadof等；双重介词，如frombehind/above/under，untilafterconsidering，including，judging(from/by)等。1．介词搭配情况。①robsb.ofsth./cleartheroadofsnow与of连用)②supplyuswithfood/filltheglasswithwine与with③makeadeskofwood/makebreadfromflour/makethematerialintoacoat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of，from，into连用)④介词＋the＝动词＋sb.’s＋himonthehead(表示“击；拍；碰；摸”意义的动词与oncatchhimbythearm(表示“抓；拉；拿；扯”意义的动词与byhittheboyintheface(表示“肚；胸；眼；脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用)

⑤prevent(stop，keep)sb.fromdoingsth.与from⑥persuade(advise，warn)odoingsth.(表示“说服；建议；警告”意义的动词与into连用)⑦buy(leave，get，win，gain，lose)sth.forsb.与for⑧tell(show，teach，sing，write，read)sth.tosb.动词与to⑨give(allow，promise，pass，hand)sth.tosb.与to注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buysb.sth.，tellsb.sth.，givesb.sth.双宾结构。⑩saytosb.(suggest，explain，apologize，murmur，whisper连用必须用to)不可说suggestsb.sth.。同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。replytothelettersing(dance)tothemusicamounttodevotetodrinktoobjecttolookforwardto渴望，cometobelongto属于，searchforforforcallfor，waitforcareformakeupfor弥补损失，turnto/救于，helponeselfto随意，agreeto同意，compare...tofor/for起航，setoutforgoinfor常见“形容词＋介词”搭配。worthyofgladaboutsth.forsb.为某人某事高兴，farfromtosb.forsthfrom……/proudof/takeprideinsatisfiedwith/bysureof/aboutoffitforbusywithsth./indoingsth.忙着干某事，fulloffortowiththeabsenceofwater缺水thehopeofsuccess成功的希望haveachanceof/forenteringcolleg上大学的机会takeprideinthem为他们感到骄傲thekeytothequestion问题的答案amedicineforcough治咳嗽的药theticketfortomorrow明天的票inBeijing他去了北京hisabsencefromBeijingtostudy学习方法

I’vepromisedtokeepitsecret，soIcan’treallytellyouanythingbeyondwhatyouknowalready.Withtimepassinghavegrownintobigboysandbig5．Whatwasthecauseofthefire?2．核心介词用法归纳与辨析(1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、季、月、周等，一般用介词in，the1990s，intheyear，inJanuary，in(the)winter/summer/fall/spring，inthefirstweekofMay。还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如：inawhile，innotime，inthedaytime，inashortwhile，intime，inthemorning(afternoon，evening)。注意：①atnight/atnoon，inthedayinthenight②infivedays(weeks，months，years)中in(2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。onSunday(s)，onTuesdaymorningonChristmasDay(但atChristmas)，onChristmasEve，onChildren’sDaytheway

ofstudyingmath学习数学的方法

onMarch8，onthemorning(afternoon，evening)ofOct.1题组训练1用适当的介词填空Ouronlanguagelearningdiffergreatlyfromeachinthatrespect.Ourteacheroftenasksustoretellstoriesinourownwords.

earlyonthemorningofOct.1(区别：inthelate/earlymorningofOct.1)onarainynight，onwarmwinterdays表示某一时刻或某一点时间用atatbreakfast(supper，lunch)，atsixatnoon(sunrise，sunset，midday，night，midnight，dawn)attheageof15，atthetimeofwar(但intimeofdanger/trouble)注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。nextday，lastSunday，thatmorning，theseyears修饰时，一般不用介词，如someday，allafternoon。till，untiltill(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a．m.(不可用to)．注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。Notuntil9a．m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoschool.(5)in，later，after①in＋一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，用于各种时态。②一段时间＋later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。③afterafter，即after＋点时间，用于各种时态。Thedoctorwillbewithusinsixminutes.Shegraduatedin1981，andeightyearslatershebecamethemanagerofthefactory.

Hereceivedherletterafterfourweeks.另外，in＋一段时间＋’s＋time与within＋inaweek’stime＝inaweekTheywillarriveinthreedays’time.(brother’sbirthdayisintwoweeks’time.(I’llfinishthebookwithintwoweeks.(within＝inlessthan...用于各种时态，意为“不超出，在……之内”)地点介词at，on，in，to，off，across，through，over，above，under，below。①at在较小的场所，在……的平面上。如attheatthethe55Parkthenorth，inAsia，onthedesk，onthewall②on，at，in，offA地属于B地，用in；A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接，用on；无边缘的衔接，用to；A在B用off。JapanliestotheeastofChina.(范围之外)TaiwanliesinthesoutheastofChina.(范围之内)HunanProvinceliesonthewestofHubeiProvince.(毗邻)TheislandliesoffthecoastofChina.(相隔一定距离)③across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。Theywalkedacrosstheplayground.Iwalkedthroughtheforest.④over，above译作“在……之上”；under，below译作“在……的下面”，其区别在于over，under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above，below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。AlittleboatisnowundertheThereisabridgeovertheriver.ThesunsinksbelowthehorizonThewindowiswellabovethetree.表示方式、手段、工具的介词①bytheyear/hour/day/小时/rentahousebytheyear(day，by＋thetothepoundtheton②表泛指的方式、手段bypost/mailtelephone(radio)onthephone/ontheradio/onelectricitymachineryhardsth.bythehisownefforts，throughexperience，throughthetelescope交通工具类bybus/train/car/taxibybike/bicycle，onhorseback/footbyplane/jet/spaceship/airbyship/boat/lifeboat/sea/water另外：bymeansof用……方法，bywayof经由，取道于；用……方法，thehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)。

③表方式、手段的其他用法Hebeatthedogwithastick.(with＋工具/机器)Onesmellswithhisnose.(with＋人体器官，但byhand手工，用手)Hestoodupwithpride.(with＋情绪、情感、态度的名词)注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如：inEnglish(ink，pencil)。另外如high(good，low)spirits，inanger，injoy，incomfort，insorrow，intears，ingood(poor)goodainalowvoice，insilence，in(with)satisfaction，inahurry，in(with)words，live/feedonfood，kneelonone’sknee，take(catch)sb.bysurprise表示“除……之外”的常用词。①besides除……以外(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。WellallwenttothecinemabesidesShaw.Itwastoolatetoseeafilm，andbesides，Iwastired.②except除去，除……之外(不再有)。WeallwentexceptJohn.在否定句中，两词可以换用。Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.③exceptforwhat“exceptthat＋句子”意思相同。Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.④exceptthat...除了……一点以外。Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.⑤but与exceptbutexcept(A)前面有不定代词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.(B)后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用butHehasnothingtodobutwait.(前有do，后省to)(C)but与一些固定结构连用。havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事，cannotbutdosth.不得不，cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……，butfor...若不是……between与amongbetween通常指两者之间，也可以用于三者或三者以上的每两者之间的相互关系。AnnisbetweenTomandBill.SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance，Germany，AustraliaandItaly.Theysoonfinishedtheworkbetweenthemselves.(共同，合作)Shewasbusybetweencooking，washing，sewingandlookingafterthebaby.(表示接连不断地，一个接一个地忙这忙那)Ahorsecanbeseenbetweentreesnow.among表示三者以上之间。

Thestoryissaidtohavehappenedinavillageamongthehills.Hewashappytobeamongfriendsagain.Wemustagreeamongourselves.(一起，共同)Londonisamongthelargestcities.(＝oneof与最高级连用)(10)表原因的介词for，becauseof，dueto。Hedidn’tcometothemeetingbecauseofhisillness.Thereasonforhiscominglateisthathewasill.Hewaspraisedforhisbraveryandcourage.Theaccidentisduetoyourcarelessdriving.(11)不定式复合结构中的for，of。这里所说的不定式复合结构形式指的是for或of逻辑主语的结构。ItiscleverofyoutoansweritlikeItisquitehardformetoexplainwhy.of和forof，如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。兼作连词和副词的介词。①after，since，till/until，before这些词既是介词，又是连词。Thechildrenwenthomeatonceafterschool.(介词)Theywenttobedaftertheyhadfinishedthejob.(连词)②in，on，along，down，up，after，before，beyond等介词可兼作副词。Herandownthehill.(介词)Canyouliftthatboxdownfromtheshelfforme？(副词)③有的介词可以兼作连词和副词。Allthestudentsgottoschoolbeforeme.(介词)Wedowanttobuysomethingnowbeforepricesgoup.(连词)Haven’tIseenyoubefore？(副词)介词的省略。某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。Nothingcanpreventme(from)doingthejob.Shespentnearlytwohours(in)translating(14)某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。

traditionalhome.—ThankGodyou’resafe!—Isteppedback，justintimetoavoidtheracingcar.Brownsaidhewasbynomeansthecontraryhewastobeabletomakehimselfclearlyunderstood.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionsabouttheschoolmaster，manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepasideinfavourofyoungermen.◆语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子1①要求接to的名词有keyanswervisitentrancapologyintroductio，(asaconsequence) (2013·福建·书road等。Thekeytosuccessispreparation.in的名词有：interest，satisfaction，expertHeisanexpertinteachingsmallchildren.题组训练2选词填空

面表达)Asaconsequence，childrenbecomesoreliantontheirparentsthathavenoindependentthoughtorcreativeideas.相反志愿者们迫不及待地想体验在那里的生活因为他们已经厌倦了地上的生活。(onthecontrary) (2013·广onthecontrary，forthebenefitof，intime，outofplace，infavourf·Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitalsforthebenefit Onthecontrary，volunteerscouldn’twaittoexperiencethelifeofallitscitizens. fortheyareThefurniture，withitsmodernstyleandbrightcolors，suitsmodern tiredofthelifeontheearth.housesandtheirgardens，butlooksoutofplaceinthegardenofa (inadditionto)(2013·辽宁·Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities，wehaveawiderrangeofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.4(inmyopinion)(2013·北京·Inmyopinion，peopleneedtolearntoaccepttherealityandkeepontrying.5(inword)(2013·浙江·InaabletowintheirfriendshipinaveryshorttimethethingthatIamproudofmostinmylife.◆语法填空AI’mtakingmyfamilyabroadthisyear.Mywifeourtwochildrenandareallgoing.My1.older(old)brotherhasneverbeenoverseasandhehasdecidedtogowithus.WearegoingtogobytraintoNewYork，2.andthentakeashiptoEurope.Whenwearriveingoingtorentacarand3.whereverwewanttogo.Thenwe’llreturnthecar.tookusalongtimetodecidewheretoIthinkwehaveplanned

eresting(interest)trip.Atfirstwewantedtoflybecauseitwouldbe6.faster(fast)andwouldgiveusmoretimeforsightseeing，butmybrotherwasvery7.anxious(anxiety)totakeaboattrip.Thechildrenwillenjoythat，too.Wedon’tknowhowmanysuitcasestotake.Wecantakeasmanysuitcasesaswewisho