2021年绍兴新昌城关中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案解析

2021年绍兴市新昌城关中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheOriginsofFamousBrandsOurlivesarefullofbrandnamesandtrademarkedproductsthatweuseeveryday.Althoughmanybrandnamesaresimpleacronyms（首字母缩略词）orversionsoftheirfoundersnames,someofthecompanieswetrusteverydayactuallyhavefascinatingandsurprisingbackstories.StarbucksItseemsfittingthatthemostfamouscoffeebrandintheworldwouldtakeitsnamefromoneoftheworld’sgreatestworksofliterature.TheinspirationforthenameofthecoffeehousecamefromHermanMelville’sMobyDick.Thefounders’originalideawastonamethecompanyaftertheCaptainAhab’sship,buttheyeventuallydecidedthatPequotwasn’tagreatnameforcoffee,sotheychoseAhab’sfirstmate,Starbucks,asthenameinstead.GoogleGooglewasoriginallycalledBackrub,foritsearchedforlinksineverycorneroftheWeb.In1997,whenthefoundersofthecompanyweresearchingforanewnameshowingahugeamountofdatafortheirrapidlyimprovingsearchtechnology,afriendsuggestedtheword“googol”.Whenafriendtriedtoregisterthenewdomain（域）name,hemisspelled“googol”as“google”.NikeOriginallyfoundedasadistributorforJapaneserunningshoes,thecompanywasoriginallynamedBRS,orBlueRibbonSports.In1971,BRSintroduceditsownsoccershoe,amodelcalledNike,whichisalsothenamefortheGreekgoddessofvictory.In1978,thecompanyofficiallyrenameditselfasNike,Inc.Therightnameisessentialtoacompany’ssuccess,andagreatoriginstoryisjustasimportantasagreatproduct.Anattractiveoriginstoryisonemorethingthatkeepscustomersguessing,wondering,andbuyingitsproducts.WhatisthenameoftheCaptainAhab’sship?A.MobyDick. B.Starbucks.C.Pequot. D.HermanMelville.WhydidthefoundersoftheGooglewanttochangeitsname?Theymistooktheirname.Theywantednewcustomers.Thecompany’soriginalnamewastoolong.Thecompany’ssearchtechnologywasimprovingrapidly.Wheredoestheimportanceoftheoriginstoryofonecompanyliein?Itcanchangethecompany’simage.Itcanaddmythtothecompany.Itexplainsthedevelopmentofthecompanytocustomers.Itmakescustomersimagineandpurchaseitsgoods.BAcityinSouthKorea,whichhastheworld’slargestnumberofpeopleusingsmartphones,hasplacedflashinglightsandlaserbeamsataroadcrossingtowarn“smartphonezombies”tolookupanddriverstoslowdown,inthehopeofpreventingaccidents.Thedesignersofthesystemweremotivatedbygrowingworrythatmorepedestriansgluedtotheirphoneswillbecomevictimsinacountrythatalreadyhassomeofthehighestroaddeathandinjuryratesamongdevelopedcountries.State-runKoreaInstituteofCivilEngineeringandBuildingTechnology(KICT)believesitssystemofflashinglightsatzebracrossingscanwarnbothpedestriansanddrivers.Inadditiontored,yellowandblueLEDlightsonthepavement,“smombies”-smartphonezombies-willbewarnedbylaserbeamprojectedfrompowerpolesandawarningsenttothephonesbyanappthattheyareabouttostepintotraffic.“Increasingnumberofsmombieaccidentshaveoccurredinpedestriancrossings,sothesezombielightsareessentialtopreventthesepedestrianaccidents,”saidKICTseniorresearcherKimJong-hoon.Driversarewarnedbytheflashinglights,whichhaveshowntobeeffective83.4percentofthetimeintheinstitute’stestsinvolvingabout1,000vehicles.In2017,morethan1,600pedestrianswerekilledinautorelatedaccidents,whichisabout40percentoftotaltrafficdeaths,accordingtodatafromtheTrafficAccidentAnalysisSystem.Fornow,thesmombiewarningsystemisplacedonlyinIlsan,asuburbancityabout30kmnorthwestofthecapital,Seoul,butisexpectedtogonationwide,accordingtotheinstitute.KimDan-hee,a23-year-oldresidentofIlsan,welcomedthesystem,sayingshewasoftentooabsorbedinherphonetoremembertolookattraffic.“Thisflashinglightmakesmefeelsafeasitmakesmelookaroundagain,andIhopethatwecanhavemoreoftheseintown,”shesaid.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“smartphonezombies”inparagraph1referto?A.Driversdrivingafterdrunk. B.Pedestriansburiedintheirphones.C.Passengerscrazyaboutphones. D.Policemeninchargeoftraffic.Whatdoweknowaboutthewarningsystem?A.Ithasreduceddeathrateby83.4%. B.Ithasbeenspreadnationwide.C.Itgivesawarningtothesmartphones. D.Itisbeingtriedoutinmanyplaces.Whatwastheresidents’attitudetothetrafficsystem?A.Negative. B.Unconcerned.C.Disapproving. D.Favorable.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SouthKoreaWarnsSmartphoneZombiesofTrafficFlashingLightsAreUsedtoPreventAccidentsSmartphoneZombiesAreCausingTrafficAccidentsD.SouthKoreaUsesaNewTrafficSystemCForfishermenandsailorsintheseasidetownofShangpaninLinhai,Zhejiangprovince,whererecently12stranded（搁浅的）whaleswerefound,itisnotunusualtospotwhalesordolphinsinthesea—theywouldalwayscallthemhaizi,or“sonoftheocean”.Andifthelocalfishermenspotsuchintelligentseacreaturesinneed,theywillsavethemfromdangerwithouthesitation.Intherecentrescueofmelon-headedwhales,theytriedtheirbesttohelpasa37-secondvideoofayoungmansleepinginthewaterholdingawhalesoonwentviralonline,withnetizensapplaudinghisconstanteffortsandcaringheartintryingtokeepthewhalealive.“Themelon-headedwhaleknewIwastryingtosaveitandwouldbemorecooperativeandwouldn’tmove.”saidLuWenhui,a21-year-olddiverfromHangzhouChangqiaoPolarOceanPark,whoheldupthewhale’sheadsoitcouldbreatheeasily.Luhadbeenstayinginthewaterfor10hoursby4a.m.WednesdayaftercomingfortherescueworkonTuesday,whenthestrandedwhaleswerefirstspotted.“Whalesaremammalsandneedtobreatheinair—that’swhyIhadtoholditshead,toensureitcouldbreathesmoothlythewholetime,”Lusaid.Thestrandedwhales,afterthestrugglingofbeingtransported,werewornoutwhentheyarrivedatthefishfarmandmighthavedrownediftheywereleftunattended.Thereasonwhythewhaleswerestrandedisstillnotclear.Andthesestrandedwhaleswerereturnedtotheoceanbecausetheyarenotadaptedtoartificialbreedingenvironmentsonland.Whatdolocalfishermenusuallydoafterfindinghaiziindanger?A.Ignorethem. B.Feedthem.C.Transportthem. D.Protectthem.WhydoestheauthordescribeLu’srescuework?A.Tointroducethewhalesindetail. B.Tovoicehisviewsonthediver.C.Topraisetheeffortsmadebyrescuers. D.Toexplainthevalueofthewhales.Whatcanwesayaboutthemelon-headedwhalesaccordingtothetext?Theyarerarelyseenbylocals.Theyareusedtobreathinginthesea.Theyaren’tsuitedtoartificialsurroundings.Theyarefondofswimmingneartheseaside.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Melon-headedWhalesWereStrandedRescuersWentAllouttoHelpWhalesFishermenTransportedStrandedWhalesWitnessesVoicedOpinionsonRescueWorkDPigeonsinLondonhaveabadreputation.Somepeoplecallthemflyingrats.Andmanyblamethemforcausingpollutionwiththeirdroppings.Butnowthebirdsarebeingusedtofightanotherkindofpollutioninthiscityof8.5million.“Theproblemforairpollutionisthatit’sbeenlargelyignoredasanissueforalongtime,”saysAndreaLee,whoworksfortheLondon-basedenvironmentalorganizationClientEarth.“Peopledon’trealizehowbaditis,andhowitactuallyaffectstheirhealth.”London’spoorairqualityislinkedtonearly10,000earlydeathsayear.Leesays,citing（弓|用）areportreleasedbythecitymanagerlastyear.Ifpeoplewerebetterinformedaboutthepollutionthey’rebreathing,shesays,theycouldpressurethegovernmenttodosomethingaboutit.Nearby,onawindyhillinLondon’sRegent’sPark,anexperimentisunderwaythatcouldhelp—thefirstweekofflightsbythePigeonAirPatrol.ItallbeganwhenPierreDuquesnoy,thedirectorforDigitasLBi,amarketingfirm,wonaLondonDesignFestivalcontestlastyeartoshowhowaworldproblemcouldbesolvedusingTwitter.Duquesnoy,fromFrance,chosetheproblemofairpollution.“Basically,Irealizedhowimportanttheproblemwas,”hesays.“ButalsoIrealizedthatmostofthepeoplearoundmedidn’tknowanythingaboutit.”Duquesnoysayshewantstobettermeasurepollution,whileatthesametimemakingtheresultsaccessibletothepublicthroughTwitter.“So”,hewondered,“howcouldwegoacrossthecityquicklycollectingasmuchdataaspossible?”Droneswerehisfirstthought.Butit’sillegaltoflythemoverLondon.“ButpigeonscanflyaboveLondon,right?”hesays.“Theylive—actually,theyareLondonersaswell.So,yeah,Ithoughtaboutusingpigeonsequippedwithmobileapps.Andwecanusenotjuststreetpigeons,butracingpigeons,becausetheyflyprettyquicklyandprettylow.”SoitmightbetimeforLondonerstohavemorerespectfortheirpigeons.Thebirdsmayjustbehelpingtoimprovethequalityofthecity’sair.WhatcanweinferaboutLondon’sairqualityfromParagraph2?Londonersareverysatisfiedwithit.Thegovernmentistryingtoimproveit.CLondonersshouldpaymoreattentiontoit.D.Thegovernmenthasdonealottoimproveit.DuquesnoyattendedtheLondonDesignFestivalto .A.entertainLondoners. B.solveaworldproblem.C.designaproductforsale. D.protectanimalslikepigeons.WhydidDuquesnoygiveupusingdronestoflyacrossLondon?A.Becausetheyaretooexpensive. B.Becausetheyflytooquickly.C.Becausetheyareforbidden. D.Becausetheyflytoohigh.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.CleanairinLondon. B.London’sdirtysecret.C.London’snewpollutionfighter. D.CausesofairpollutioninLondon.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Run!Lunch-DeliveryMen!It’slunchtime,andGuoZiyangisonamission:deliversevenhotmealordersinanhour.Hedashesintoadowntownhigh-rise,carryingaplasticcontainerofhotbeefnoodles.Thereisnotimetowaitfortherightelevator.Hehopsintothefirstonethatopens,jumpsoutatthelaststopandbeginsrunningupthestairs.Afteraquickhandofftothecustomer,heracesdown20flights.___16___AcrossChina’sbiggestcities,thescenehasbecomeasfamiliarascrowdedsubways.___17___Mealsappearwithjustafewtapsonasmartphone.Withthemajordeliveryservicesofferingsimilarpricingstrategiesandfoodchoices,theburdenofcompetitionhasfallenlargelyonthespeedofthedeliverypeople,popularlyknownasWaimaiXiaoge,or“BrotherTakeaway”.Guosaidhewolfsdownfourorfivesteamedbunsbeforestartingworkeverymorning.“You’llneedtheenergyforvariousdeliverymissions,”hesaid.“Sometimes,thebuildingsyoudelivertodon’thaveelevators. 18 Then,youhavetoclimbtenflightsofstairs.”GuoworksaroundShanghai’scentralbusinessdistrict.HejoinedEle.meonlylastyear.___19___Withafood-warmerboxtiedtohisscooter,Guotearsthroughtraffic,rushespastpedestriansandavoidbumpsthatmightspillsoupdishes.Inlessthantwohours,hehasmadestopsatahospital,ahairsalon,ahotelroomandseveralhigh-rises.Sixordersanhouristhenormforthelunchtimerush,butGuosaidheissometimescalledupontodelivertenmeals.“___20___Youjusthavetoapologize.”hesaid.Nevertheless,Guosaidhethrivesondeadlinepressure.“I’mthekindofpersonwholikeschallengingwork,”headded.That’sreallydifficult,andifyouarrivelate,customersgetangry.Oneorderdown,sixtogo.Thetraditionofgoingoutforamealhasbeenunderpressurefromthefastpaceofurbanlife.Sometimes,theelevatorsarecrowdedandtakealongtime.Sometimes,peopleaskthemtopickupcigarettes,alcoholandotheritems,whichtheyaren’tsupposedtodo.Thearrivaloffood-deliveryappshastransformedthecountry’slunchtimeculture.Buthehasmemorizedthelayoutsofallthebuildingsinhisarea.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项ThisheartwarmingstorybeganunfoldingonFather'sDay.Itmighthavebeena（n）___21___fordadsacrosstheU.S.,___22___forDonRosario,itwas“anotherdayattheoffice.”The7-0year-old,___23___histraditionalsuit,cowboyhatandleatherbelt,was___24___acartaroundaChicagoneighborhood-hardworkforanyoneonahotsummerday.However,thankstosome___25___customersandthekindnessthatspreadwidely,he___26___hadtheopportunitytoenjoy___27___.RosarioDelRealhadbeenworkingasacarpenter（木匠）fromhome.Butaninjury___28___himtotakeabreakfromhisprofession.Hestartedtosellpaletas（棒冰）tothe___29___.SinceOscarGonzalezandhisfriendVictorDominguezwere 30 aFather'sDaybarbecuefortheirfamilies,theyinvitedthepaletasalesmanto 31 them.Everyonebondedquickly,andbeforelong,theydecidedtobuyallofthepaletasinRosario's 32 sothathecouldgohomeandrest.Oneoftheirfriends 33 avideooftheheartwarmingsaleand 34 itonthesocialsharingappTikTok.Thevideodrewattentionfromthepublic,andthenthefamilysetupafundraiserto 35 Rosarioretire.Thefirst 36 wastoraise$10,000fortheirnewfriend,but 37 strangersfromallovertheworldendedup 38 morethan$62,000.Evenbeforelearningthathisnewfriendshad 39 ahugeamountforhisretirement,Rosariowasmovedtotearsbytheirgenerositythatday-althoughhewas 40 tohavetheopportunitytowork.“Idon'tliketositathomedoingnothingandwithoutapurpose.”hesaid.21.A.stageB.holidayC.accidentD.challenge22.A.orB.soC.but D.and23.A.packingB.cleaningC.wearingD.trying24.A.pushingB.sellingC.repairingD.observing25.A.calmB.sweetC.energeticD.graceful26.A.finallyB.actuallyC.extremelyD.usually27.A.shelterB.successC.companyD.retirement28.A.forcedB.requestedC.enabledD.permitted29.A.partnersB.carpentersC.neighborsD.colleagues30.A.hostingB.donatingC.visitingD.filming31.A.hireB.joinC.supportD.represent32.A.cartB.officeC.apartmentD.neighborhood33.A.foundB.exploredC.attractedD.recorded34.A.sentB.tappedC.postedD.updated35.A.seeB.helpC.hear D.make36.A.goalB.reactionC.processD.impact37.A.honestB.confidentC.generousD.humorous38.A.owningB.savingC.borrowingD.contributing39.A.selectedB.collectedC.rejectedD.expected40.A.capable B.powerful C.suitable D.grateful第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Seniorcitizensarethefirsttocometoourmindwhenwethinkofhearingloss,butinarecentreport,hearingprofessionalsworryteenagerswillsoonoutnumberagingadultswhenitcomestolivingwithhearingloss.Inrecentyears,theriseinpopularityofpersonalaudiodevicesfromiPodstosmartphones___41.___(have)dangerouseffectontheearsofthosewhousethemmost,teenagers!AresearchconductedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationfindsnearly50%ofteenshavefallenintothehabitofexposingthemselvestounsafelevelsofsoundsofarand___42.___theyhavebeenfacedwithhearingloss.Asound 43. isconsideredunsafegoesbeyond85decibels(分贝).Atthatlevel,ittakesjust8hoursoflisteningoveryourlifetimetocausedamage.Thelouderthesoundis,the 44. (little)timeittakestocausedamage.Becausehearinglossis 45. (typical)consideredahealthproblemfortheelderly,itisdifficulttoconvincealreadystubbornteenagersthattheyreallyaredoingdamage 46. theirears.Youngadults 47. (expose)toloudnoiseoveraperiodoftimemayhavesomehearinglosssymptoms.Their 48. (able)tolearn