《托福听力讲义》word版

/新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍新托福和旧托福的对比考试形式预读题目笔记题型PBT旧托福PaperYesNo1/4multiplechoiceIBT新托福InternetNoYesNewtypes题量，时间，分数文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION2-35/conversation2-3min/conversationLECTURE4-66/lecture4-6min/lectureTOTAL6-9（加试）3460-90minSCALESCORE:30见OG185评分标准题目的考查形式考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限答题流程：永不悔改文章材料的考查形式文章结构：删除了旧托福的PARTA部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度：比旧托福长文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型：对话，独白，讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路新托福考试题型概述题号问题题型1Whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?Gistquestion2Accordingtotheprofessor,whatinformationshouldthestudentincludeinherstatementofpurpose?DetailQuestion3Whatdoestheprofessorconsiderunusualaboutthestudent’sbackground?DetailQuestion4Whydoestheprofessortellastoryabouthisfriendwhowentotmedicalschool?DetailQuestion5Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthepeoplewhoadmitstudentstograduateschool?Inferencequestion6Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?Gistquestion7Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Whydoesthewomansaythis?Purposequestion8Accordingtotheconversation,whyaretransposessometimescalled“jumpinggenes”?DetailQuestion9Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichbacteriacellsgetresistancegenes?DetailQuestion10Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresistancegenesdiscussedintheconversation?Inferencequestion11Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?Gistquestion12Whatistheprofessor’spointofviewconcerningthemethodof“safeyield”?DetailQuestion13Accordingtotheprofessor,whataretwoproblemsassociatedwithremovingwterfromanundergroundsystem?DetailQuestion14Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?Purposequestion15Whatisakeyfeatureofasustainablewatersystem?DetailQuestion16Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutwatersystemsmanagedbythe“safeyield”method?Inferencequestion17WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutPlato’sdescriptionofsociety?Gistquestion18Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Whydoestheprofessorimplyaboutplato’sethicaltheory?Attitudequestion19Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Whydoestheprofessoraskthis?Purposequestion20WhataretwopointsthatreflectPlato’sviewsabouteducation?DetailQuestion21Basedoninformationinthelecture,indicatewhetherthestatementsbelowabouthumanemotionreflectbeliefsheldbyPlato,Organizationquestion22AccordingtoPlato,whatisthemaincharacteristicofagoodorjustperson?DetailQuestion23Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?Gistquestion24Accordingtotheprofessor,whydidonescientistgrowaryeplantinwater?DetailQuestion25Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?Purposequestion26Theprofessormentionshouseplantsthatreceivetoomuchwater.Whydoesshementionthem?DetailQuestion27Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Whydoestheprofessorintendtoexplain?Purposequestion28Accordingtotheprofessor,whatsimilarityistherebetweencrabgrassandryeplants?DetailQuestion29Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?Gistquestion30Whydoestheprofessortalkaboutaconstructioncompanythathasworkindifferentcities?DetailQuestion31Listenagainandthenanswerthequestion:Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?Purposequestion32Whatisanexampleofaviolationofthe“unityofcommand”principle?DetailQuestion33Accordingtotheprofessor,wheremighttherebeaconflictinanorganizationalstructurebasedonbothprojectsandfunction?DetailQuestion34Indicatewhethereachsentencebelowdescribesfunctionalorganizationorprojectorganization.Placeacheckmarkinthecorrectbox.OrganizationquestionGistquestion:6Detailquestion:16Purposequestion:6Attitudequestion:1Organizationquestion:2Inferencequestion:3界面展示

IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分图片资料名称特点推荐使用方法TheOfficialStudyGuide题目数量不多难度较简单题型全面，和考试相同，质量高精听精做题目分类研究文章精读研究不建议模考ETSTOEFLPRACTICEONLINE一共14套，其中新东方引进4套，还有2套是OG题目，其他全部为全真试题难度和考试相当，已经有较全的版本出现题型全面，场景全面精听精做建议最后冲刺模考DELTA新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题题目数量大，后面有四套模拟试题前面的训练题目文章较短，不是托福模拟听力材料要比考试稍难些，速度也稍快些题型和考试相差很多，不建议细钻精听精做建议考前强化训练对语速跟读模仿DELTA新托福考试模拟试题题目数量大，有六套模拟试题具体特点同蓝皮delta建议考前模拟对语速跟读模仿BARRON新托福考试全真模考题与精解题目数量大，后面有7套模拟试题难度偏小，在基础班使用建议平时精听训练KAPLAN模考试题四套有四套模拟试题听力部分略难，语速略快配合模拟光盘，有临考感觉考前模考THOMSON模考试题两套只有两套题，但质量很好，文章难度适中，题目难度和Barron相近，感觉上略难一些，和考试非常相似。建议模考Longman新托福考试综合教程题目非常简单题型脱离托福考试，可以做基础教材对水平不好的学生进行基础训练，循序渐进北极星英语系列教程——新TOEFL考试技能培训教程系列由大约10个单元的题材加最后的一些模考题组成题材贴近托福考试范围，可以做基础训练使用建议做基础训练《新托福考试听力特训》文章难略不平均题目脱离托福考试不建议使用《TOEFLiBT听力新思维》技巧讲解偏多涉及语音、词汇的部分讲解很详细建议通读《TOEFLiBT听力习语必备》和旧托福版本改版不多新托福考试更少的设计听力习语建议通读托福听力中的九大语音问题语速问题托福听力过程中的语速问题如何解决语速问题连读问题托福听力过程中的连读问题关键性词语出现连读：否定形式notatall：Themeetingyesterdaywasn’tatallboring.常用性词语出现连读forhim连读中的基本规则辅音+元音连读Iwasfoundonthegroundbythefountainaboutafieldofasummerstride.Notatall.Rushhour.ThisdictionaryisnotexactlywhatIwantedbutitwilldo.Travelagency,travelagent辅音+辅音连读Somemoney,bikekey元音+元音连读BeontimeH连读Ilenthimabook.Larryistakingalotofart,isn’the?Thestuffthenursegavemeseemedtohavehelped.Imusthaveleftmykeysatmysister’shouse.Shelearnedtousethecomputeronherown.其他特殊连读【t】+【j】=【ch】：meetyou,hurtyou,thatyour【d】+【j】=【dg】：wouldyou,handyour,didyou【s】+【j】=【sh】：missyou,thisyear【z】+【j】=【g】：asusual,becauseyouExample:won’tyou,don’tyou,didn’tyou,haven’tyou,hadn’tyou,wouldn’tyou,weren’tyou,lastyear,nextyear,notyet,didyou,hadyou,wouldyou,Iadviceyou,Iuseyour,how’syour如何解决连读问题失爆问题托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象Sitdown,goodnight,friendly-thiscalculatorisn’tworkingright.-Ithinkyou’vegotthebatteryinupsidedown.如何解决失爆问题略读问题托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来Iam=I’m,youhave=you’ve,howis=how’s,thatwould=that’dDoesn’t,didn’t,shouldn’t,hadn’t,hasn’t,wouldn’t,won’tOfficialguideP199：OK.Sowe’vetalkedaboutsomedifferenttypesofrootsystemsofplants,andI’veshownyousomeprettycoolslides,butnowIwanttotalkabouttheextentoftherotsystem-theoverallsizeoftherootsystem…thedepth.如何解决略读问题I’m,you’re,she’s,they’re,there’s,he’s,who’sWe’ve,he’ll,she’d,she’ll,she’s,they’d,they’ve,they’llCan’t,weren’t,won’t,aren’t,wouldn’t,shouldn’tGotta,gonna弱读问题托福听力过程中的弱读问题介词弱化：stayathome,doitforfun,comefromChina,gointhehouse,acupofcoffee,thetraintoParis代词弱化：Phoneuswhenyouarefree.I’velostmybook.连词弱化：Pleasegivemesomecreamandsugar.EitherTomorPetercancome.如何解决弱读问题英美音差异问题托福听力过程中的英美音问题【r】音问题Idea,reallyTheyweren’tatthedormlastnight.(A)Theywenttothedormitory.(B)Theydidn’tgotothedormitory.-Thesnowisreallycomingdown,isn’tit?-RarelydowehavesomuchsnowinDecember.-Whatdoesthemanmean?(A)itistypicalDecemberweatherforthisregion.(B)suchalargeamountofsnowisunusualforthismonth.【o】【a:】Glass,class,fastHot,box,rock其他情况Neither如何解决英美音问题常见易混音：Course-cause,oncemore-onesmall,career-Korea,worse-was,bore-ball,door-doll,core-call,tear-tea,short-shot不加儿化音的词：China,Australia,banana,wall常见英美音不同读法：Neither,either,record,cupboard,cassette,garage,laboratory,adult,ordinarity,secretary,dictionary词性变音问题托福听力过程中的词性变音问题Method-methodically校园词汇的变音：meterology,economics,geography如何解决词性变音问题Company-companion,library-librarian,geography-geographical,ignore-ignorant,photo-photographer-photographic,declare-declaration,economy-economic-economical,invite-invitation,technology-technological,type-typical,wild-wildness缩写问题托福听力过程中的缩写问题SitcomChemlabprof如何解决词性缩写问题Intro.Course=introductorycourse导论性课Demo=demonstration演示Memo=memorandum备忘录Info.=Information信息Expo=exposition博览会Chem.=chemistry化学Comm.=commerce商业Tech=technology技术Ad.=advertisement广告Dorm=dormitory寝室M.A.=MasterofArts文学硕士M.S.=MasterofScience理学硕士B.A.=BachelorofArts文学士B.S.=BachelorofScience理学士alga=algebra代数学、代数anat=anatomy解剖学、解剖archit=architecture建筑学、建筑arith=arithmetic算术、算术astron=astronomy天文学、天文eng=engineering工程学、工程electr=electricity电学、电fin=finance财政学、财政geol=geology地质学、地质geom=geometry几何学、几何gram=grammar文法hist=history历史、史ling=linguistics语言学、语言maths=mathematics数学、数学mech=mechanics机械学、机械med=medical医学、医met=meteorology气象学、气象myth=mythology神话phil=philosophy哲学phon=phonetics语言学、语言photo=photography摄影术、摄影phys=physics物理学、物理physiol=physiology生理学、生理pol=politics政治学、政治psych=psychology心理学、心理数字问题托福听力过程中的数字问题Whatisthelengthofeachoftheserivers?Miles2,3073,4364,0074,145AmazonMississippiNileYangtze如何解决词性数字问题逗号原则1,234,567,890:

新托福听力记笔记NOTETAKING记笔记的两种形式符号＞:surpass,exceed＜:lessthan＝:equalto,thesameas≠:difference↑:increase,promote,enhance,improve↓:decrease,fall,worsen＋:plus,add,besides,moreover－:minus,deduct,except→:resultin,leadto←:originatefrom,datebackto√:correct,good,positive,affirmative×:wrong,bad,mistaken,negative☆:outstanding,elite∵:because,owingto,thanksto,since,as∴:therefore,consequently,asaresult,so,hence∑:total,amountγ:government缩写ableBL:PRBL，RSBL，DBLingG:SHPGtionN:OPTN，NANmentT:AGRMTizeZ:RCGNZ，OGNZtiveTV:EFCTV，fulFL:SCFLlessLS:RGDLSent/antT:URGTal/ialL:ARVL练习SampleScript:Americanuniversitieshavebeenofferingclassesonlinethroughcomputersforanumberofyears.Now,somenewlycreatedcollegesareofferingacademicdegreesonline.Oneuniversityoffersbothbachelor’sdegreesandmaster’sdegrees.Officialsaytheytrytoprovidestudentswithasocialexperienceaswellasaneducationalone.Forexample,insomeprograms,groupsofthesamesixstudentsprogressthroughalltheirclassestogether.Theycommunicatebycomputer.Anotheronlineschoolusesaproblem-solvingmethodofteaching.Studentsattempttosolverealproblemsintheirclassesonlineinsteadofreadinginformation.Studentswhohavetakenonlineclassessaytheylikethembecausetheydonothavetotraveltobuildingatasettimetolistentoaprofessor.Professorssaytheyhavebettercommunicationwithstudentsthroughe-mailnotesthantheydoinmanytraditionalclasses.

新托福听力文章套路托福听力中的重点原则原则一：大写原则原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则原则三：重复原则原则四：转折对比原则原则五：强调原则原则六：比较原则原则七：建议原则原则八：举例原则原则九：现在原则原则十：解释原则原则十一：因果原则原则十二：观点态度原则原则十三：特殊问句原则举例：OFFICIALGUIDEPRACTICESET1——CONVERSATION举例：OFFICIALGUIDEPRACTICESET2——LECTURE

新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇课堂学习相关课外学习相关课余生活相关课程相关事务场景相关事务+专业讨论场景选课场景迟到旷课场景实验室场景图书馆场景课堂内容讨论场景奖学金场景论文场景实地考查场景日常起居相关体育运动场景打工场景学生组织活动场景报到注册场景校园生活场景医院场景转学场景游玩场景

新托福听力场景汇总之CONVERSATION篇课程相关事务场景场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。一定以conversation出现，常见话题有：安排考试，调课事宜，课程辅助材料等。常见套路：和考试相关：考试分数；考试复习；安排考试；考试分数和课程相关：课程目的；课程类型；课程形式，课程作业和作业相关：作业类型；作业方法；交作业相关和论文相关：论文的分数场景词汇：Discussion,presentation,topic,lecture,goodchoice,slide,library,collection,check,librarianReport,officehour,submit,ondisk,hardcopy,softcopy,computer,print,computerlabProject,tonof,cover,re-write,researchdata,information,input,presentation,completeTermpaper,grade,complicated,terriblemistake,editedversion,submit,overtired,stressed,rushingagainsttheclock,mark,draft,print,finalpaper,maintainingaverage,application,drop,re-take,due,extention,discuss,checkback,re-reading,submissionInformation,examschedule,term,date,book,department,invigilator,signup,sheet,bulletinboard,facultylounge,square,draft,dean,review,drawup,manually,consult,registerPhysiology100,sophomore,secondyearcourse,firstyearstudent,transfer,beginmyfirstlecture,introduce,complete,approach,lawsofphysicsandchemistry,processoflife,vitalforce,philosophicalapproach,scientificexperimentationFinalexam,midterm,multiplechoicequestion,essayquestion,comprehensiveexam,thesubject,review,textbook,classnote,thefinalwillcountfor50%ofyourgrade,researchproject,runintoproblemsSchoolbulletin,requiredwritingcourse,firstyearstudent,thirdyearstuent,researchpaper,signup,covertheentireprocessofwritingaresearchpaper,selectingtopic,finalformat,presentation,handin,assignment,finalgradeClassmeeting,lecture,differentconcept,handin,issue,revision,gradeResearchpaper,due,proposedtopics,makecomment,themostfrequentproblem,broad,preliminaryoutline,schedule,available,appointment,finaloutline,nomorethantwopageslong,thesisstatement,precisestatement,conclusionWorkshop,intensive,techniquesandskills,personalattention,register,advantageConsecutivesummer,communitycenter,seminar,workshop,beginningstudents,advancedstudents,lastfourweeks,creditisawarded,informationDiscuss,schedule,midterm,administer,attendance,optionalclass场景例题：相关事务+专业讨论场景场景特点：场景性开场白+中间专业内容+场景性结尾。开头老师常见的会有几种寒暄，结尾老师会总结收场，中间的专业段落在专业场景中会涉及。常见套路：开头寒暄套路结尾总结套路场景词汇：场景例题：见专业段落选课场景场景特点：一类是学生和学生之间讨论选课，一类是老师和学生之间讨论选课。开场白部分即可判定其为选课场景，文章内容和结构都相对固定。常见套路：文章的主题：Whydoesthewomacometoseetheman?Whatisthetopicoftheconversation?Whatisthemainsubjectoftheconversation?老师对学生的疑问：Whatdoestheprofessorconcernabout?课程太难听不懂学生选课太多跟不上学生基础太差学生对自己情况的分析关于退课和放弃课程文章结尾的延伸：Whatistheteachergoingtodonext?Whatisthestudentgoingtodonext?Whatdoesthestudentfeelattheendoftheconversation?场景词汇：Course,semester,summersession,elective,birdcourse,splendor,lecturehall,lab,toughdecision,pick,choose,grade,relaxed,paper,finalexam,advice,signupEnquiry,creditcourse,off-campus,program,remote,access,internet,degree,distanceeducation,diploma,requirement,format,printmaterials,audio-tapes,video,teleconferencing,deliver,cost,fixeddate,history490Drop,fail,math101,rough,test,medschoolUseyouradvice,dopremed,introductorycourse,non-sciencemajor,beweakin,dopoorlyin,meetatthesametime,moderndramacourseSemester,enrollin,graduatecourse,qualified,hardtimekeepup,favoriteinterest,challenging,easygradePermissiontoregister,taketheprerequisite,thebeginningcourse,catalog,instructor,previousexperience,formaltraining,decisionSignature,schedulecard,advisor’sapproval,quiteaheavyload,dropthecourse,seminarSignupforanoncreditcourse,intermediatelevel,grade,regularmeetingTransfer,bachelor’sdegree,associate,selective,lettersofrecommendationHardcourse,rehearsal,extratime,onceaweekFlightprogram,degree,license,excellentreputation,selective,场景例题：迟到旷课场景场景特点：一个学生由于迟到或者旷课而向另外一个学生询问上课的内容。常见套路：学生旷课迟到的理由：whywasthemanlateforclass?车坏了得病了睡过了所缺课程的主题：whatisthetopicoftheprofessor’sleturewhichthemanhasmissed?学生补课的套路结尾的保证：whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?场景词汇：feelgood,cover,lecture,pointout,chapter,textbook,part,divide,project,focus,due,showup,note,transcribe,emailoversleep,talkabouttroublewithmycar,lectureseries,attend,admissionfillmeinsomething,dentist,emergency,missedsomebody’slecture,note,makesense场景例题：转学场景场景特点：学生想要转学或者转专业，可以涉及的话题还包括转专业申请文书的写作等。常见套路：学生转学转专业的理由？whydoesthestudentgotoseetheprofessor?Whydoestheprofessorconsiderunusualaboutthestudent’sbackground?学生转学的特殊情况学生应该怎样去做场景词汇：Publicuniversity,privateuniversity,communitycollege,reputation,classsize,personalattention,individualattention,interact,groupdiscussion,tuition,expense,cost,afford,affordable,location,environment,largecity,smalltown,collegetown,topstudent,application,experience,special实验室场景场景特点：有些课是在实验室上的，就会涉及到实验室专门的词汇和专业内容背景。常见套路：实验室课程的专门用语实验室设备的专门用语场景词汇：Laboratory,researchprocedure,labassistant,retrieveinformation,trackthecourse,monitor,tracktheprogressLabinstructor,labexperience,setup,equipment,result,grade,labnotebook,properprecautions,protectivegoggles,toxiceffectofchemicals,labprocedure,heavymetalWorkbook,material,experiment,available图书馆场景场景特点：学生和图书馆相关的场景，包括借书还书，图书馆设施，图书馆内遇到的问题麻烦等。常见套路：美国大学图书馆的基本制度图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施借书还书相关以及遇到的各种问题场景词汇：Library,chekout,spreadout,focus,jam,spot,crowd,comfy,farawayDue,finish,renew,check,librarycard,late,mixedup,request,fine,overdue,pay,process,sign,suspend,privilegeLibrarian,facilities,referenceroom,referencematerial,dictionary,bibliography,literatureguide,telephonebook,periodicalroom,newspaper,magazine,academicjournal,currentissue,olderissue,cardcatalog,listedbytitle,byauthorandbytopic,callnumberreturn,shelves,checkout,reservebook,overnighusesecondhandbookstore,inscription,frontcover,signature,poetrybookpaperbacksection,indexexitgate,checkoutreserve,additionalcopy,article场景例题：课堂内容讨论场景场景特点：学生课下对于课堂的某些问题的讨论，可能涉及作业、教师等话题常见套路：讨论课堂留下的作业。讨论老师教学质量。涉及课堂内容，比如学生没有听懂课下讨论上课的某一问题。奖学金场景场景特点：学生与奖学金助学金相关的问题咨询工作人员。常见套路：咨询奖学金的种类奖学金授予的资格：Whatcanbeinferredaoutthequalificationstoapplyforbursaries?如何申请奖学金奖学金申请的材料申请到奖学金的可能性奖学金的网站：Whatisthestudentmostlikelytodoafterthisconversation?场景词汇：Scholarship,bursary,department,information,financialaid,monetary,grant,determine,committee,donor,applyfor,financially,inneed,consider,out-of-town,requirement,website,on-line,submit,official,document,inpersonscholarship,available,maintain,average,mark,applyfor,applicant,committee,honor,award,exam,candidate,weight,guarantee,gradepointaverage(GPA),percent,website,address,rigorous,extra-curricular,hardship,achievement,letterofrecommendation,fill,timeconsumingjob,recommend,eligibility,enrolment场景例题：论文场景场景特点：学生与写论文相关的问题和教授讨论。内容和结构相对固定。常见套路：论文题目选定论文中包括的资料查找：Whatinformationwillthemanincludeinhisreport?老师对论文的后续服务：Whatdoestheprofessoroffertodofortheman?场景词汇：Organize,essay,topic,chosen,broad,narrowitdown,compare,focused,interested,begin,discussion,opinion,fact,support,idea,check,statistics,percentage,include,words,roughdraft,outline,breakdown,subtopic,officehour,reference,materialResearchpaper,discuss,topic,recommend,theory,workprogressReport,subject,catalog,publishedsource,gathermaterialInformation,plagiarize,failinggrade,gather,note,assimilatetheinformationthoroughly,paraphrase,capturethemianidea,quotedirectly,finalizetheresearchpaperDraft,passitoutinourclasses,clearuptheproblem场景例题：实地考查场景场景特点：指学生fieldtrip野外实地考查的相关，或者外出的各种活动，比如采访等等。常见套路：Where?Fieldtrip的目的地When?要去多久？何时走？何时回？Who?哪些人去？哪个年级去？How?怎么去？Why?目的是什么？注意事项，比如带哪些东西，不带哪些东西场景词汇：List,supply,onsite,kit,notebook,axe,glove,instrument,measure,clean,cancel,weather,clothes,outside,food,snack,transportation,transport,digTripleader,participate,report,fieldtrip场景例题：体育运动场景场景特点：和学生体育运动相关的场景。重点掌握美国大学生所进行的常见体育运动。常见套路：托福听力中曾经出现过的体育运动项目每个运动项目的标志词每个运动项目所常提及的话题每个运动项目的背景知识场景词汇：场景例题：Springcyclingseason,regularhobby,physicalfitnessroutine,bicyclist,expertridersEndurancetest,recreationalcyclists,racersSkipatrol,skipatroller,safetyPhysicaleducationclass,rockclimbing,rope,belt,buckle,safetyequipment,climbingtrip游玩场景场景特点：和学生出游度假等有关。可以设计度假旅游、周末休闲、郊游活动、电影音乐会等话题。常见套路：出游的目的出游的具体计划出游的内容出游遇到的问题场景词汇：场景例题：Break,racket,reserveacourtRockconcert,vacation,weather打工场景场景特点：一类是招工场景；一类是学生之间、学生和老师之间谈论工作的场景。常见套路：托福中学生经常从事的工作Teachingassistant,researchassistant,labassistant各种商业部门的工作家庭服务性工作与本专业、或比较有趣的工作工作的内容申请的手续和流程应聘的资格工作的待遇和时间手续问题工作的具体内容场景词汇：Summerbreak,work,job,offer,excellentopportunity,practice,wonderful,dilemma,difficultdecision,plan,volunteer,NGO,chance,share,interesting,spend,accept,program,interview,company,application,applyfor,money,adviceTough,exam,stressed,dread,cramthenight,part-time,money,board,balance,hitthebook,energy,tired,sleep,consolation,getthrough,fun,fondnessAnnouncement,hire,part-timeassistant,experience,research,dailyLaboratoryassistant,filloutanapplication,fitintomyscheduleVarietyofjobopportunities,responsiblefor,volunteer,service,postionsareopen,linkofservice,careertraining,programavailable,demandphysicalendurance,receivenosalary,payforlivingexpense,housingandfoodallowance,additionalinformationInternshipprogram,advancedplanning,careeropportunities,workingexperience,shorttermexperience,permanentemployment,full-time,academiccredit,supervise,handout,careeradvisoryservice,livingexpence场景例题：学生组织活动场景场景特点：学生介绍自己组织或者参与的一个活动。常见套路：学生经常参加和组织的活动班级竞选减肥公益活动活动的目的：Whatisthemainreasonforthewomantoparticipatethisactivity?分发handout：活动的具体内容场景词汇：Run,marathon,motivator,backintoshape,inspire,runningbuddies,positive,sponsor,tonsofmoney,causeIntroduce,campusdaily,volunteer,salary,ceremony,alumni场景例题：报到注册场景场景特点：新生报到注册时候遇到的问题。常见套路：报到注册的时间报到注册的准备材料报到注册可能遇到的问题场景词汇：Registration,time,determine,firstyearstudent,mail,designateddate,specifictime,admissionletter,continuingstudents,average,previous,session,pay,creditcard,bank,teller,confirmationslip,inpersonRegistration,date,newlyadmittedstudent,undergraduate,junior,sophomore,returningstudent,senior,check,payattention,time,register,designatedtime,pay,fee,financialaid,financialofficer,sponsor,authorizationletter,on-line场景例题：校园生活场景场景特点：关于学生租房子或者宿舍相关的话题场景。常见套路：房子条件差与室友很难相处找房子租学校房子的管理制度场景词汇：Move,accent,pod,internationalgroup,major,lucky,excellent,booklet,regulation,rule,conductive,quietpolicy,self-policed,problem,allow,smoke,cook,plug,dryer,voltage,alarm,kitchen,leftover,clean-upday,hotwater,meter,washroom,laundryfacility,basement,conservingenergy,loungearea,heat,air-conditioning,atoragearea,permit,hallway,communityspace,priornotification,safe,valuable,housekeeper,vacuumcleaner,lock,key,check,firepreventionequipment,cover,overnightvisitor,arrange,inadvance,religiouspropaganda,dorm,furnishing,parkRoommate,dormitory,unpackingourthings,neatHousingoffice,livingoffcampus,cost,rent,utilities,needacartocommute,noisy,peaceandquietWinterbreak,dean,vacationarrangement,filluptheforms,heatingcost,temporaryaccommodationHousingdirector,checkoutprocedure,leaveforvacation,returnyourkey,summermaintenancecrew,residenceadvisor,passaroundApartment,dump,functional,noisy场景例题：医院场景场景特点：关于学生看病和医院相关的场景。常见套路：常见病症的词汇常见治疗手段的词汇治病的常见句型总结场景词汇：Diagnose,patient’sillness,painful,technologicaladvance,bloodandtissuesample,diagnostictechniques,detectdiseases,variationsintemperature,Xrays,sideeffect,uncomfortable,endurepain,healthcareMedicalclinicandinfirmary,nursingstaff,getsick,areallybadcold,developterriblecoughs,pneumonia,stayintheinfirmary,don’tfeelwell,restmoreandskipafewclasses,getmedicalexcuse,theclinichour,emergencynumberModernmedicalfacility,healthneeds,dentalclinic,maternityward,operatingroom,specialsugery,surgeonsStudentHealthServices,bloodpressure,universitynutritionists,processedfoods,universityhospitalPain,discharge,slightearache,takeiteasyPrevention,symptoms,cough,fever,funnynose,headandbonesache,chill,flu,influenza,overtired,stressedout,exposuretovirus,sneeze,airbornevirus,body’sresistance,wardofftheflu,rest,eatwell,drinkalotofwater,immunesystem,fightoffillness,immunized,vaccine,universityhealthcenter

新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇

新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/感染microorganism/microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marinebiology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙dieout/extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine 海洋的scuba 水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicsnail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性survivalofthefittest适者生存originofspecies物种起源wildenvironment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/specimen物种amphibian两栖类动物declineinthenumber数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredspecies濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasmalemma/cellmembrane细胞膜cellwall细胞壁protein蛋白质aminoacid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutationofspecies物种变异chromosome染色体geneticengineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说naturalselection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquaticlife 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibiousanimal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-bloodedanimal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory/carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply/reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinalcord脊椎digestivesystem消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratorysystem呼吸系统hormonalsystem内分泌系统digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestivegland消化腺salivarygland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen/crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle触须larva幼虫海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼植物学botany植物学botanical/botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant 寄生植物root根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage/leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot/sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel/skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses苔藓shrub